TLS 1.2 can indeed be enabled (with TLS 1.0/1.1 disabled) on a Windows Server Essentials server without breaking server-to-client communications so long as it's done properly. I have a "how to" article about doing just that posted over on my website here:
Enabling TLS 1.2 On Windows Server Essentials
While the article is geared towards folks who are using my WSE RemoteApp add-in (for which I automate much of the process for them), there's a Q&A section listed at the bottom of the article that mentions how folks can perform the process manually if they're not using my add-in.
EDIT: BTW, doing this is (obviously) NOT supported by Microsoft, and so I'll add the disclaimer "do so at your own risk". Windows Server Essentials is pretty much dead to Microsoft now, and so I seriously doubt that you'll ever see an official solution from them for enabling TLS 1.2 (or TLS 1.3) on a Windows Server 2016/2012 R2/2012 Essentials server (even though they're all still supported by Microsoft).