Sorry for the imprecise language and thanks for your help!
By installation, I really mean the installation of the management profile on the iOS BYOD.
When I go to General -> Profiles -> Select the Profile -> Enroll My iPhone
I have to then enter the device passcode... no problem
But then, I get a Sign In screen which is asking me to sign into my test company with two fields:
=> Apple ID: pre-filled with the joe@mathieu.company .onmicrosoft.com userid and cannot be modified
=> Password:
But joe@mathieu.company .onmicrosoft.com is not an Apple ID and I cannot change this field to my personal Apple ID.... so I'm stuck at this step.
From the instructions on "How to install management profile"
Step 2 says "You may be prompted to enter your device PIN and sign into your organization account."
The PIN is fine, I don't understand why the organization account is designated as an Apple ID.
Trying the organization logon joe@mathieu.company .onmicrosoft.com with the organizational password won't validate.