Hello,
Sorry for the delay in my response, last weeks were really busy in work.
Thanks for the response. My account really doesn't have a support plan enabled yet, but, for now, i think the problem was "resolved".
After the creation of this thread, i forwarded it to my internet provider, so that they could follow it too. A few of days later, my problem with the node "ae28-0.ear02.gru30.ntwk.msn.net" almost disappeared (Packet loss now is less than 10% - still high, but not enough to be a problem, since the download speed now is over 1MB/s). I think they saw that this was a big issue to me, went deeper in their investigation, and made a few changes that reduced my issues to a bearable level.
If you think that the 10% PL still is too high, and need an investigation by the Microsoft team, I will proceed the way you recommended :)
have a nice day, and again, thanks for the response.