Hello @Sophie ,
this is an interesting use case.
The short answer is: yes, you can send telemetry messages (including URLs) to the IotHub in the cloud and have these packages being stored in a (MongoDB) database. From there, a website can consume these addresses and show links to the pages. This depends a little bit on the access the user has to websites running on the actual Raspberry PIs.
The long answer is that I wonder why a central dashboard showing all interesting telemetry from all devices at a single place is not enough :-)
If you want to learn a lot about Azure IoT Edge, check out this collection of modules and training paths.
If you want to see how to connect a device and send telemetry, check out this tutorial or this simulation.