@Andreas Lange I think in the above lexicon file alphabet="ipa" is missing. I am able to validate this by adding this tag and uploading the same to speech studio with KatjaNeural voice in german. Also, please ensure no space is used for syllable boundary in IPA pronunciation. It's invalid. Use . as syllable boundary.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<lexicon xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/CR-pronunciation-lexicon-20071212/pls.xsd"
version="1.0"
xml:lang="de-DE"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon"
alphabet="ipa">
<lexeme>
<grapheme>Achsöl</grapheme>
<phoneme>aks.øːl</phoneme>
</lexeme>
</lexicon>
I hope this helps.