I tried the answers here but neither worked. What actually worked out for me was:
dsregcmd /cleanupaccounts
After that I had to login again in all my WAM accounts (Default account was not affected). Also didn't need to reboot the machine.
To me, it's clearly a conflict between the organization managing your device and some other WAM account running in the machine. Could've been triggered by an organization level change (but I can't confirm that).
PS: When relogging I chose the account that was having issues first and the others afterwards. Not sure if it would've worked if I redid my other WAM accounts first, so keep that in mind.
PS2: If you're not sure which is your Default Account, you can run
dsregcmd /listaccounts
and read the last line.