Hello @rfazley This is a great question and very helpful.
You are right about the ways to implement the cross-region HA.
The technology used in IoT subsystems have different failover and cross-region support characteristics. For IoT applications this can result in requiring hosting of duplicate services and duplicating application data across regions depending on acceptable failover downtime and data loss.
Because cloud solutions are composed of multiple services, it is important to consider what is necessary to achieve HA/DR for the individual services or components of the solution, instead of thinking about one approach for the entire solution.
Also please refer to this 2018 dated published IoT Architecture reference guide which may help in some areas, I did not see a new version as of now, so I will keep you posted if I find any. Read the section which talks about [High Availability and Disaster Recovery (HA/DR)]
One of the recommended ways is to have an application that serves as a concierge service, Point '1' of your initial question.
"The concierge service can be a web application that is replicated and kept reachable using DNS-redirection techniques".
Please comment in the below section for further help in this matter, happy to help.