[In case it helps someone else ...]
I had essentially the same problem (yesterday), where GetFilesAsync() didn't return the files with Windows 11 after an upgrade from Windows 10. After some work, I realized the following. If I changed the QueryOptions to not use the indexer, then it worked:
queryOptions.IndexerOption = IndexerOption.DoNotUseIndexer;
... which led me to question Windows 11 indexing. It turns out I had less than 30GB left on my main drive, for which case I read somewhere Windows 10/11 doesn't index. Freeing up the storage from the install got the indexer working, and then I was able to query the files anywhere using the indexer.