Hi there,
If it is only a hardware upgrade then it should not have an issue. Memory upgrade will simply be recognized. A CPU upgrade may require a BIOS upgrade, but that has nothing to do with the cluster. But if it is a server version upgrade, consult the Windows Server upgrade content. And yes I suppose you need to run cluster validation again.
Here are some links to help you out
Overview of Windows Server upgrades
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/upgrade/upgrade-overview
Hardware upgrade of Failover Cluster nodes
https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/ie/en-US/efa860f3-b1c3-4570-bbad-e64ffc40efe3/hardware-upgrade-of-failover-cluster-nodes?forum=winserverClustering
Upgrade Memory on SQL Failover Clustering
https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/lync/en-US/392c41dc-843b-414c-bff6-c37522a60346/upgrade-memory-on-sql-failover-clustering?forum=winserverClustering
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