Hi Rick,
You can potentially plan with Azure AD + Azure ADDS to replace the on-prem based domain controllers. Extensive planning is required.
Best to have sso experiance everywhere instead of different logins.
File share can be migrated to Azure file with Azure ADDS permission support to store large amount of data. Rest can be stored in SharePoint \ teams based on collaboration needs.
Major show stopped I have faced is end user authentication and management: How the endpoints are currently being managed - on-prem domain joined? or its azure ad joined with Intune?
Note: Azure ADDS is not same as your traditional AD. there are limitations and the way it operates is different since it’s a Microsoft managed domain.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-domain-services/faqs