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Including or Importing XML Schemas

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An XML schema may contain <xs:import />, <xs:include />, and <xs:redefine /> elements. These schema elements refer to other XML schemas that can be used to supplement the structure of the schema that includes or imports them. The XmlSchemaImport, XmlSchemaInclude and XmlSchemaRedefine classes, map to these elements in the Schema Object Model (SOM) API.

Including or Importing an XML Schema

The following code example supplements the customer schema created in the Building XML Schemas topic with the address schema. Supplementing the customer schema with the address schema makes address types available in the customer schema.

The address schema can be incorporated using either <xs:include /> or <xs:import /> elements to use the components of the address schema as-is, or using an <xs:redefine /> element to modify any of its components to suit the need of the customer schema. Because the address schema has a targetNamespace that is different from that of the customer schema, the <xs:import /> element and therefore import semantics is used.

The code example includes the address schema in the following steps.

  1. Adds the customer schema and the address schema to a new XmlSchemaSet object and then compiles them. Any schema validation warnings and errors encountered reading or compiling the schemas are handled by the ValidationEventHandler delegate.

  2. Retrieves the compiled XmlSchema objects for both the customer and address schemas from the XmlSchemaSet by iterating over the Schemas property. Because the schemas are compiled, Post-Schema-Compilation-Infoset (PSCI) properties are accessible.

  3. Creates an XmlSchemaImport object, sets the Namespace property of the import to the namespace of the address schema, sets the Schema property of the import to the XmlSchema object of the address schema, and adds the import to the Includes property of the customer schema.

  4. Reprocesses and compiles the modified XmlSchema object of the customer schema using the Reprocess and Compile methods of the XmlSchemaSet class and writes it to the console.

  5. Finally, recursively writes all of the schemas imported into the customer schema to the console using the Includes property of the customer schema. The Includes property provides access to all the includes, imports, or redefines added to a schema.

The following is the complete code example and the customer and address schemas written to the console.

#using <System.Xml.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Xml;
using namespace System::Xml::Schema;

ref class XmlSchemaImportExample
{
public:

    static void Main()
    {
        // Add the customer and address schemas to a new XmlSchemaSet and compile them.
        // Any schema validation warnings and errors encountered reading or 
        // compiling the schemas are handled by the ValidationEventHandler delegate.
        XmlSchemaSet^ schemaSet = gcnew XmlSchemaSet();
        schemaSet->ValidationEventHandler += gcnew ValidationEventHandler(ValidationCallback);
        schemaSet->Add("http://www.tempuri.org", "customer.xsd");
        schemaSet->Add("http://www.example.com/IPO", "address.xsd");
        schemaSet->Compile();

        // Retrieve the compiled XmlSchema objects for the customer and
        // address schema from the XmlSchemaSet by iterating over 
        // the Schemas property.
        XmlSchema^ customerSchema = nullptr;
        XmlSchema^ addressSchema = nullptr;
        for each (XmlSchema^ schema in schemaSet->Schemas())
        {
            if (schema->TargetNamespace == "http://www.tempuri.org")
                customerSchema = schema;
            else if (schema->TargetNamespace == "http://www.example.com/IPO")
                addressSchema = schema;
        }

        // Create an XmlSchemaImport object, set the Namespace property
        // to the namespace of the address schema, the Schema property 
        // to the address schema, and add it to the Includes property
        // of the customer schema.
        XmlSchemaImport^ import = gcnew XmlSchemaImport();
        import->Namespace = "http://www.example.com/IPO";
        import->Schema = addressSchema;
        customerSchema->Includes->Add(import);

        // Reprocess and compile the modified XmlSchema object 
        // of the customer schema and write it to the console.    
        schemaSet->Reprocess(customerSchema);
        schemaSet->Compile();
        customerSchema->Write(Console::Out);

        // Recursively write all of the schemas imported into the
        // customer schema to the console using the Includes 
        // property of the customer schema.
        RecurseExternals(customerSchema);       
    }

    static void RecurseExternals(XmlSchema^ schema)
    {
        for each (XmlSchemaExternal^ external in schema->Includes)
        {
            if (external->SchemaLocation != nullptr)
            {
                Console::WriteLine("External SchemaLocation: {0}", external->SchemaLocation);
            }

            if (external::typeid == XmlSchemaImport::typeid)
            {
                XmlSchemaImport^ import = dynamic_cast<XmlSchemaImport^>(external);
                Console::WriteLine("Imported namespace: {0}", import->Namespace);
            }

            if (external->Schema != nullptr)
            {
                external->Schema->Write(Console::Out);
                RecurseExternals(external->Schema);
            }
        }
    }

    static void ValidationCallback(Object^ sender, ValidationEventArgs^ args)
    {
        if (args->Severity == XmlSeverityType::Warning)
            Console::Write("WARNING: ");
        else if (args->Severity == XmlSeverityType::Error)
            Console::Write("ERROR: ");

        Console::WriteLine(args->Message);
    }
};

int main()
{
    XmlSchemaImportExample::Main();
    return 0;
}

using System;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Schema;

class XmlSchemaImportExample
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Add the customer and address schemas to a new XmlSchemaSet and compile them.
        // Any schema validation warnings and errors encountered reading or
        // compiling the schemas are handled by the ValidationEventHandler delegate.
        XmlSchemaSet schemaSet = new XmlSchemaSet();
        schemaSet.ValidationEventHandler += new ValidationEventHandler(ValidationCallback);
        schemaSet.Add("http://www.tempuri.org", "customer.xsd");
        schemaSet.Add("http://www.example.com/IPO", "address.xsd");
        schemaSet.Compile();

        // Retrieve the compiled XmlSchema objects for the customer and
        // address schema from the XmlSchemaSet by iterating over
        // the Schemas property.
        XmlSchema customerSchema = null;
        XmlSchema addressSchema = null;
        foreach (XmlSchema schema in schemaSet.Schemas())
        {
            if (schema.TargetNamespace == "http://www.tempuri.org")
                customerSchema = schema;
            else if (schema.TargetNamespace == "http://www.example.com/IPO")
                addressSchema = schema;
        }

        // Create an XmlSchemaImport object, set the Namespace property
        // to the namespace of the address schema, the Schema property
        // to the address schema, and add it to the Includes property
        // of the customer schema.
        XmlSchemaImport import = new XmlSchemaImport();
        import.Namespace = "http://www.example.com/IPO";
        import.Schema = addressSchema;
        customerSchema.Includes.Add(import);

        // Reprocess and compile the modified XmlSchema object
        // of the customer schema and write it to the console.
        schemaSet.Reprocess(customerSchema);
        schemaSet.Compile();
        customerSchema.Write(Console.Out);

        // Recursively write all of the schemas imported into the
        // customer schema to the console using the Includes
        // property of the customer schema.
        RecurseExternals(customerSchema);
    }

    static void RecurseExternals(XmlSchema schema)
    {
        foreach (XmlSchemaExternal external in schema.Includes)
        {
            if (external.SchemaLocation != null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("External SchemaLocation: {0}", external.SchemaLocation);
            }

            if (external is XmlSchemaImport)
            {
                XmlSchemaImport import = external as XmlSchemaImport;
                Console.WriteLine("Imported namespace: {0}", import.Namespace);
            }

            if (external.Schema != null)
            {
                external.Schema.Write(Console.Out);
                RecurseExternals(external.Schema);
            }
        }
    }

    static void ValidationCallback(object sender, ValidationEventArgs args)
    {
        if (args.Severity == XmlSeverityType.Warning)
            Console.Write("WARNING: ");
        else if (args.Severity == XmlSeverityType.Error)
            Console.Write("ERROR: ");

        Console.WriteLine(args.Message);
    }
}

Imports System.Xml
Imports System.Xml.Schema

Class XmlSchemaImportExample

    Shared Sub Main()
        ' Add the customer and address schemas to a new XmlSchemaSet and compile them.
        ' Any schema validation warnings and errors encountered reading or 
        ' compiling the schemas are handled by the ValidationEventHandler delegate.
        Dim schemaSet As XmlSchemaSet = New XmlSchemaSet()
        AddHandler schemaSet.ValidationEventHandler, AddressOf ValidationCallback
        schemaSet.Add("http://www.tempuri.org", "customer.xsd")
        schemaSet.Add("http://www.example.com/IPO", "address.xsd")
        schemaSet.Compile()

        ' Retrieve the compiled XmlSchema objects for the customer and
        ' address schema from the XmlSchemaSet by iterating over 
        ' the Schemas property.
        Dim customerSchema As XmlSchema = Nothing
        Dim addressSchema As XmlSchema = Nothing
        For Each schema As XmlSchema In schemaSet.Schemas()
            If schema.TargetNamespace = "http://www.tempuri.org" Then
                customerSchema = schema
            ElseIf schema.TargetNamespace = "http://www.example.com/IPO" Then
                addressSchema = schema
            End If
        Next

        ' Create an XmlSchemaImport object, set the Namespace property
        ' to the namespace of the address schema, the Schema property 
        ' to the address schema, and add it to the Includes property
        ' of the customer schema.
        Dim import As XmlSchemaImport = New XmlSchemaImport()
        import.Namespace = "http://www.example.com/IPO"
        import.Schema = addressSchema
        customerSchema.Includes.Add(import)

        ' Reprocess and compile the modified XmlSchema object 
        ' of the customer schema and write it to the console.    
        schemaSet.Reprocess(customerSchema)
        schemaSet.Compile()
        customerSchema.Write(Console.Out)

        ' Recursively write all of the schemas imported into the
        ' customer schema to the console using the Includes 
        ' property of the customer schema.
        RecurseExternals(customerSchema)
    End Sub

    Shared Sub RecurseExternals(ByVal schema As XmlSchema)
        For Each external As XmlSchemaExternal In Schema.Includes

            If Not external.SchemaLocation = Nothing Then
                Console.WriteLine("External SchemaLocation: {0}", external.SchemaLocation)
            End If

            If external.GetType() Is GetType(XmlSchemaImport) Then
                Dim import As XmlSchemaImport = CType(external, XmlSchemaImport)
                Console.WriteLine("Imported namespace: {0}", import.Namespace)
            End If

            If Not external.Schema Is Nothing Then
                external.Schema.Write(Console.Out)
                RecurseExternals(external.Schema)
            End If
        Next
    End Sub

    Shared Sub ValidationCallback(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal args As ValidationEventArgs)
        If args.Severity = XmlSeverityType.Warning Then
            Console.Write("WARNING: ")
        Else
            If args.Severity = XmlSeverityType.Error Then
                Console.Write("ERROR: ")
            End If
        End If
        Console.WriteLine(args.Message)
    End Sub
End Class

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
<xs:schema xmlns:tns="http://www.tempuri.org" targetNamespace="http://www.tempuri.org" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">  
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.example.com/IPO" />  
  <xs:element name="Customer">  
    <xs:complexType>  
      <xs:sequence>  
        <xs:element name="FirstName" type="xs:string" />  
        <xs:element name="LastName" type="tns:LastNameType" />  
      </xs:sequence>  
      <xs:attribute name="CustomerId" type="xs:positiveInteger" use="required" />  
    </xs:complexType>  
  </xs:element>  
  <xs:simpleType name="LastNameType">  
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">  
      <xs:maxLength value="20" />  
    </xs:restriction>  
  </xs:simpleType>  
</xs:schema>  
<schema targetNamespace="http://www.example.com/IPO" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:ipo="http://www.example.com/IPO">  
  <annotation>  
    <documentation xml:lang="en">  
      Addresses for International Purchase order schema  
      Copyright 2000 Example.com. All rights reserved.  
    </documentation>  
  </annotation>  
  <complexType name="Address">  
    <sequence>  
      <element name="name"   type="string"/>  
      <element name="street" type="string"/>  
      <element name="city"   type="string"/>  
    </sequence>  
  </complexType>  
  <complexType name="USAddress">  
    <complexContent>  
      <extension base="ipo:Address">  
        <sequence>  
          <element name="state" type="ipo:USState"/>  
          <element name="zip"   type="positiveInteger"/>  
        </sequence>  
      </extension>  
    </complexContent>  
  </complexType>  
  <!-- other Address derivations for more countries or regions -->  
  <simpleType name="USState">  
    <restriction base="string">  
      <enumeration value="AK"/>  
      <enumeration value="AL"/>  
      <enumeration value="AR"/>  
      <!-- and so on ... -->  
    </restriction>  
  </simpleType>  
</schema>

For more information about the <xs:import />, <xs:include />, and <xs:redefine /> elements and the XmlSchemaImport, XmlSchemaInclude and XmlSchemaRedefine classes, see the W3C XML Schema and the System.Xml.Schema namespace class reference documentation.

See also