Create an SSH connection to a Windows VM using Azure Bastion

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This article shows you how to securely and seamlessly create an RDP connection to your Windows VMs located in an Azure virtual network directly through the Azure portal. When you use Azure Bastion, your VMs don't require a client, agent, or additional software. You can also connect to a Windows VM using RDP. For information, see Create an RDP connection to a Windows VM.

Azure Bastion provides secure connectivity to all of the VMs in the virtual network in which it is provisioned. Using Azure Bastion protects your virtual machines from exposing RDP/SSH ports to the outside world, while still providing secure access using RDP/SSH. For more information, see the What is Azure Bastion?.

Note

If you want to create an SSH connection to a Windows VM, Azure Bastion must be configured using the Standard SKU.

When connecting to a Windows virtual machine using SSH, you can use both username/password and SSH keys for authentication. You can connect to your VM with SSH keys by using either:

• A private key that you manually enter
• A file that contains the private key information

The SSH private key must be in a format that begins with "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----" and ends with "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----".

Prerequisites

Make sure that you have set up an Azure Bastion host for the virtual network in which the VM resides. For more information, see Create an Azure Bastion host. Once the Bastion service is provisioned and deployed in your virtual network, you can use it to connect to any VM in this virtual network.

To SSH to a Windows virtual machine, you must also ensure that:

• Your Windows virtual machine is running Windows Server 2019 or later
• You have OpenSSH Server installed and running on your Windows virtual machine. To learn how to do this, see Install OpenSSH.
• Azure Bastion has been configured to use the Standard SKU.

Required roles

In order to make a connection, the following roles are required:

• Reader role on the virtual machine
• Reader role on the NIC with private IP of the virtual machine
• Reader role on the Azure Bastion resource

Ports

In order to connect to the Windows VM via SSH, you must have the following ports open on your VM:

• Inbound port: SSH (22) or
• Inbound port: Custom value (you will then need to specify this custom port when you connect to the VM via Azure Bastion)

Supported configurations

Currently, Azure Bastion only supports connecting to Windows VMs via SSH using OpenSSH.

Connect: Using username and password

1. Open the Azure portal. Go to the virtual machine that you want to connect to, then click Connect and select Bastion from the dropdown.

   

2. After you select Bastion, select Use Bastion. If you didn't provision Bastion for the virtual network, see Configure Bastion.

3. On the Connect using Azure Bastion page, expand the Connection Settings section and select SSH. If you plan to use an inbound port different from the standard SSH port (22), enter the Port.

   

4. Enter the Username and Password, and then select Connect to connect to the VM.

   

Connect: Manually enter a private key

1. Open the Azure portal. Go to the virtual machine that you want to connect to, then click Connect and select Bastion from the dropdown.

   

2. After you select Bastion, click Use Bastion. If you didn't provision Bastion for the virtual network, see Configure Bastion.

3. On the Connect using Azure Bastion page, expand the Connection Settings section and select SSH. If you plan to use an inbound port different from the standard SSH port (22), enter the Port.

   

4. Enter the Username and SSH Private Key. Enter your private key into the text area SSH Private Key (or paste it directly).

   

5. Select Connect to connect to the VM.

Connect: Using a private key file

1. Open the Azure portal. Go to the virtual machine that you want to connect to, then click Connect and select Bastion from the dropdown.

   

2. After you select Bastion, click Use Bastion. If you didn't provision Bastion for the virtual network, see Configure Bastion.

3. On the Connect using Azure Bastion page, expand the Connection Settings section and select SSH. If you plan to use an inbound port different from the standard SSH port (22), enter the Port.

   

4. Enter the Username and SSH Private Key from Local File. Browse for the file, then select Open.

   

5. Select Connect to connect to the VM. Once you click Connect, SSH to this virtual machine will directly open in the Azure portal. This connection is over HTML5 using port 443 on the Bastion service over the private IP of your virtual machine.

Connect: Using a private key stored in Azure Key Vault

1. Open the Azure portal. Go to the virtual machine that you want to connect to, then click Connect and select Bastion from the dropdown.

   

2. After you select Bastion, click Use Bastion. If you didn't provision Bastion for the virtual network, see Configure Bastion.

3. On the Connect using Azure Bastion page, expand the Connection Settings section and select SSH. If you plan to use an inbound port different from the standard SSH port (22), enter the Port.

   

4. Enter the Username and select SSH Private Key from Azure Key Vault.

   

5. Select the Azure Key Vault dropdown and select the resource in which you stored your SSH private key.

   • If you didn’t set up an Azure Key Vault resource, see Create a key vault and store your SSH private key as the value of a new Key Vault secret.

   • Make sure you have List and Get access to the secrets stored in the Key Vault resource. To assign and modify access policies for your Key Vault resource, see Assign a Key Vault access policy.

     Note

     Please store your SSH private key as a secret in Azure Key Vault using the PowerShell or Azure CLI experience. Storing your private key via the Azure Key Vault portal experience will interfere with the formatting and result in unsuccessful login. If you did store your private key as a secret using the portal experience and no longer have access to the original private key file, see Update SSH key to update access to your target VM with a new SSH key pair.

   

6. Select the Azure Key Vault Secret dropdown and select the Key Vault secret containing the value of your SSH private key.

7. Select Connect to connect to the VM. Once you click Connect, SSH to this virtual machine will directly open in the Azure portal. This connection is over HTML5 using port 443 on the Bastion service over the private IP of your virtual machine.

Next steps

For more information about Azure Bastion, see the Bastion FAQ.