Anzeigen von Typinformationen
Die Klasse System.Type ist für die Reflektion wesentlich. Die Common Language Runtime (CLR) erstellt Type für einen geladenen Typ, wenn die Reflexion diesen anfordert. Sie können die Methoden, Felder, Eigenschaften und geschachtelten Klassen eines Type-Objekts dazu verwenden, alle Informationen zu diesem Typ zu ermitteln.
Verwenden Sie Assembly.GetType und Assembly.GetTypes, um Type-Objekte aus Assemblys abzurufen, die nicht geladen wurden, wobei Sie die Namen der gewünschten Typen übergeben. Verwenden Sie Type.GetType, um Type-Objekte aus Assemblys abzurufen, die bereits geladen wurden. Verwenden Sie Module.GetType und Module.GetTypes, um Type-Modulobjekte zu erhalten.
Hinweis
Weitere Informationen zum Untersuchen und Bearbeiten generischer Typen und Methoden finden Sie in den Artikeln Reflection and Generic Types (Reflektion und generische Typen) und Vorgehensweise: Untersuchen und Instanziieren von generischen Typen mit Reflektion.
In folgendem Beispiel wird die Syntax veranschaulicht, die für das Abrufen des Assembly-Objekts und -Moduls für eine Assembly erforderlich ist.
// Gets the mscorlib assembly in which the object is defined.
Assembly^ a = Object::typeid->Module->Assembly;
// Gets the mscorlib assembly in which the object is defined.
Assembly a = typeof(object).Module.Assembly;
' Gets the mscorlib assembly in which the object is defined.
Dim a As Assembly = GetType(Object).Module.Assembly
In folgendem Beispiel wird das Abrufen eines Type-Objekts aus einer geladenen Assembly veranschaulicht.
// Loads an assembly using its file name.
Assembly^ a = Assembly::LoadFrom("MyExe.exe");
// Gets the type names from the assembly.
array<Type^>^ types2 = a->GetTypes();
for each (Type^ t in types2)
{
Console::WriteLine(t->FullName);
}
// Loads an assembly using its file name.
Assembly a = Assembly.LoadFrom("MyExe.exe");
// Gets the type names from the assembly.
Type[] types2 = a.GetTypes();
foreach (Type t in types2)
{
Console.WriteLine(t.FullName);
}
' Loads an assembly using its file name.
Dim a As Assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom("MyExe.exe")
' Gets the type names from the assembly.
Dim types2() As Type = a.GetTypes()
For Each t As Type In types2
Console.WriteLine(t.FullName)
Next t
Sobald Sie ein Type-Objekt abgerufen haben, gibt es viele Möglichkeiten, wie Sie Informationen zu den Membern des Typs erhalten können. Sie können z.B. alle Informationen zu den Membern des Typs erhalten, indem Sie die Methode Type.GetMembers aufrufen, die ein Array von MemberInfo-Objekten abruft, die jeden Member des aktuellen Typs beschreiben.
Außerdem können Sie Methoden auf die Type-Klasse anwenden, um Informationen zu einem oder mehreren Konstruktoren, Methoden, Ereignissen, Felder oder Eigenschaften abzurufen, die Sie durch Namen angeben. Type.GetConstructor kapselt z.B. einen spezifischen Konstruktor für die aktuelle Klasse.
Wenn Sie ein Type-Objekt haben, können Sie die Type.Module-Eigenschaft verwenden, um ein Objekt zu erhalten, das das Modul kapselt, das den Typ enthält. Verwenden Sie die Module.Assembly-Eigenschaft, um ein Objekt zu finden, das die Assembly kapselt, die das Modul enthält. Sie können die Assembly, die den Typ kapselt, direkt mithilfe der Type.Assembly-Eigenschaft erhalten.
System.Type und ConstructorInfo
In folgendem Beispiel wird veranschaulicht, wie Sie die Konstruktoren für eine Klasse auflisten können, in diesem Fall die Klasse String.
// This program lists all the public constructors
// of the System.String class.
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Reflection;
class ListMembers
{
public:
static void Main()
{
Type^ t = System::String::typeid;
Console::WriteLine ("Listing all the public constructors of the {0} type", t);
// Constructors.
array<ConstructorInfo^>^ ci = t->GetConstructors(BindingFlags::Public | BindingFlags::Instance);
Console::WriteLine ("//Constructors");
PrintMembers(ci);
}
static void PrintMembers(array<MemberInfo^>^ ms)
{
for each (MemberInfo^ m in ms)
{
Console::WriteLine ("{0}{1}", " ", m);
}
Console::WriteLine();
}
};
int main()
{
ListMembers::Main();
}
// This program lists all the public constructors
// of the System.String class.
using System;
using System.Reflection;
class ListMembers
{
public static void Main()
{
Type t = typeof(System.String);
Console.WriteLine("Listing all the public constructors of the {0} type", t);
// Constructors.
ConstructorInfo[] ci = t.GetConstructors(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);
Console.WriteLine("//Constructors");
PrintMembers(ci);
}
public static void PrintMembers(MemberInfo[] ms)
{
foreach (MemberInfo m in ms)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}", " ", m);
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
' This program lists all the public constructors
' of the System.String class.
Imports System.Reflection
Class ListMembers
Public Shared Sub Main()
Dim t As Type = GetType(String)
Console.WriteLine("Listing all the public constructors of the {0} type", t)
' Constructors.
Dim ci As ConstructorInfo() = t.GetConstructors((BindingFlags.Public Or BindingFlags.Instance))
Console.WriteLine("//Constructors")
PrintMembers(ci)
End Sub
Public Shared Sub PrintMembers(ms() As MemberInfo)
Dim m As MemberInfo
For Each m In ms
Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}", " ", m)
Next m
Console.WriteLine()
End Sub
End Class
MemberInfo, MethodInfo, FieldInfo und PropertyInfo
Rufen Informationen zu den Methoden, Eigenschaften, Ereignissen und Feldern eines Typs mithilfe der Objekte MemberInfo, MethodInfo, FieldInfo und PropertyInfo ab.
In folgendem Beispiel wird MemberInfoverwendet, um die Anzahl von Membern in der System.IO.File-Klasse aufzulisten. Zudem wird die IsPublic-Eigenschaft verwendet, um die Sichtbarkeit der Klasse zu bestimmen.
using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
using namespace System::Reflection;
public ref class MyMemberInfo
{
public:
static void Main()
{
Console::WriteLine ("\nReflection.MemberInfo");
// Gets the Type and MemberInfo.
Type^ myType = Type::GetType("System.IO.File");
array<MemberInfo^>^ myMemberInfoArray = myType->GetMembers();
// Gets and displays the DeclaringType method.
Console::WriteLine("\nThere are {0} members in {1}.",
myMemberInfoArray->Length, myType->FullName);
Console::WriteLine("{0}.", myType->FullName);
if (myType->IsPublic)
{
Console::WriteLine("{0} is public.", myType->FullName);
}
}
};
int main()
{
MyMemberInfo::Main();
}
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
class MyMemberInfo
{
public static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine ("\nReflection.MemberInfo");
// Gets the Type and MemberInfo.
Type myType = Type.GetType("System.IO.File");
MemberInfo[] myMemberInfoArray = myType.GetMembers();
// Gets and displays the DeclaringType method.
Console.WriteLine("\nThere are {0} members in {1}.",
myMemberInfoArray.Length, myType.FullName);
Console.WriteLine("{0}.", myType.FullName);
if (myType.IsPublic)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} is public.", myType.FullName);
}
}
}
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Reflection
Class MyMemberInfo
Public Shared Sub Main()
Console.WriteLine("\nReflection.MemberInfo")
' Gets the Type and MemberInfo.
Dim myType As Type = Type.GetType("System.IO.File")
Dim myMemberInfoArray() As MemberInfo = myType.GetMembers()
' Gets and displays the DeclaringType method.
Console.WriteLine("\nThere are {0} members in {1}.",
myMemberInfoArray.Length, myType.FullName)
Console.WriteLine("{0}.", myType.FullName)
If myType.IsPublic
Console.WriteLine("{0} is public.", myType.FullName)
End If
End Sub
End Class
In folgendem Beispiel wird der Typ des angegeben Members untersucht. Es wird eine Reflexion für einen Member der Klasse MemberInfo ausgeführt, und deren Typ wird aufgelistet.
// This code displays information about the GetValue method of FieldInfo.
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Reflection;
public ref class MyMethodInfo
{
public:
static int Main()
{
Console::WriteLine("Reflection.MethodInfo");
// Gets and displays the Type.
Type^ myType = Type::GetType("System.Reflection.FieldInfo");
// Specifies the member for which you want type information.
MethodInfo^ myMethodInfo = myType->GetMethod("GetValue");
Console::WriteLine(myType->FullName + "." + myMethodInfo->Name);
// Gets and displays the MemberType property.
MemberTypes myMemberTypes = myMethodInfo->MemberType;
if (MemberTypes::Constructor == myMemberTypes)
{
Console::WriteLine("MemberType is of type All");
}
else if (MemberTypes::Custom == myMemberTypes)
{
Console::WriteLine("MemberType is of type Custom");
}
else if (MemberTypes::Event == myMemberTypes)
{
Console::WriteLine("MemberType is of type Event");
}
else if (MemberTypes::Field == myMemberTypes)
{
Console::WriteLine("MemberType is of type Field");
}
else if (MemberTypes::Method == myMemberTypes)
{
Console::WriteLine("MemberType is of type Method");
}
else if (MemberTypes::Property == myMemberTypes)
{
Console::WriteLine("MemberType is of type Property");
}
else if (MemberTypes::TypeInfo == myMemberTypes)
{
Console::WriteLine("MemberType is of type TypeInfo");
}
return 0;
}
};
int main()
{
MyMethodInfo::Main();
}
// This code displays information about the GetValue method of FieldInfo.
using System;
using System.Reflection;
class MyMethodInfo
{
public static int Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Reflection.MethodInfo");
// Gets and displays the Type.
Type myType = Type.GetType("System.Reflection.FieldInfo");
// Specifies the member for which you want type information.
MethodInfo myMethodInfo = myType.GetMethod("GetValue");
Console.WriteLine(myType.FullName + "." + myMethodInfo.Name);
// Gets and displays the MemberType property.
MemberTypes myMemberTypes = myMethodInfo.MemberType;
if (MemberTypes.Constructor == myMemberTypes)
{
Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type All");
}
else if (MemberTypes.Custom == myMemberTypes)
{
Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Custom");
}
else if (MemberTypes.Event == myMemberTypes)
{
Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Event");
}
else if (MemberTypes.Field == myMemberTypes)
{
Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Field");
}
else if (MemberTypes.Method == myMemberTypes)
{
Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Method");
}
else if (MemberTypes.Property == myMemberTypes)
{
Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Property");
}
else if (MemberTypes.TypeInfo == myMemberTypes)
{
Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type TypeInfo");
}
return 0;
}
}
' This code displays information about the GetValue method of FieldInfo.
Imports System.Reflection
Class MyMethodInfo
Public Shared Sub Main()
Console.WriteLine("Reflection.MethodInfo")
' Gets and displays the Type.
Dim myType As Type = Type.GetType("System.Reflection.FieldInfo")
' Specifies the member for which you want type information.
Dim myMethodInfo As MethodInfo = myType.GetMethod("GetValue")
Console.WriteLine((myType.FullName & "." & myMethodInfo.Name))
' Gets and displays the MemberType property.
Dim myMemberTypes As MemberTypes = myMethodInfo.MemberType
If MemberTypes.Constructor = myMemberTypes Then
Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type All")
ElseIf MemberTypes.Custom = myMemberTypes Then
Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Custom")
ElseIf MemberTypes.Event = myMemberTypes Then
Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Event")
ElseIf MemberTypes.Field = myMemberTypes Then
Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Field")
ElseIf MemberTypes.Method = myMemberTypes Then
Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Method")
ElseIf MemberTypes.Property = myMemberTypes Then
Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Property")
ElseIf MemberTypes.TypeInfo = myMemberTypes Then
Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type TypeInfo")
End If
Return
End Sub
End Class
Im folgenden Beispiel werden alle *Info-Reflexionsklassen mit BindingFlags verwendet, um alle Member (Konstruktoren, Felder, Eigenschaften, Ereignisse und Methoden) der angegebenen Klasse aufzulisten. Dabei werden die Member in die Kategorien „Statisch“ und „Instanz“ aufgeteilt.
// This program lists all the members of the
// System.IO.BufferedStream class.
using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
using namespace System::Reflection;
public ref class ListMembers
{
public:
static void Main()
{
// Specifies the class.
Type^ t = System::IO::BufferedStream::typeid;
Console::WriteLine("Listing all the members (public and non public) of the {0} type", t);
// Lists static fields first.
array<FieldInfo^>^ fi = t->GetFields(BindingFlags::Static |
BindingFlags::NonPublic | BindingFlags::Public);
Console::WriteLine("// Static Fields");
PrintMembers(fi);
// Static properties.
array<PropertyInfo^>^ pi = t->GetProperties(BindingFlags::Static |
BindingFlags::NonPublic | BindingFlags::Public);
Console::WriteLine("// Static Properties");
PrintMembers(pi);
// Static events.
array<EventInfo^>^ ei = t->GetEvents(BindingFlags::Static |
BindingFlags::NonPublic | BindingFlags::Public);
Console::WriteLine("// Static Events");
PrintMembers(ei);
// Static methods.
array<MethodInfo^>^ mi = t->GetMethods (BindingFlags::Static |
BindingFlags::NonPublic | BindingFlags::Public);
Console::WriteLine("// Static Methods");
PrintMembers(mi);
// Constructors.
array<ConstructorInfo^>^ ci = t->GetConstructors(BindingFlags::Instance |
BindingFlags::NonPublic | BindingFlags::Public);
Console::WriteLine("// Constructors");
PrintMembers(ci);
// Instance fields.
fi = t->GetFields(BindingFlags::Instance | BindingFlags::NonPublic |
BindingFlags::Public);
Console::WriteLine("// Instance Fields");
PrintMembers(fi);
// Instance properties.
pi = t->GetProperties(BindingFlags::Instance | BindingFlags::NonPublic |
BindingFlags::Public);
Console::WriteLine ("// Instance Properties");
PrintMembers(pi);
// Instance events.
ei = t->GetEvents(BindingFlags::Instance | BindingFlags::NonPublic |
BindingFlags::Public);
Console::WriteLine("// Instance Events");
PrintMembers(ei);
// Instance methods.
mi = t->GetMethods(BindingFlags::Instance | BindingFlags::NonPublic
| BindingFlags::Public);
Console::WriteLine("// Instance Methods");
PrintMembers(mi);
Console::WriteLine("\r\nPress ENTER to exit.");
Console::Read();
}
static void PrintMembers(array<MemberInfo^>^ ms)
{
for each (MemberInfo^ m in ms)
{
Console::WriteLine ("{0}{1}", " ", m);
}
Console::WriteLine();
}
};
int main()
{
ListMembers::Main();
}
// This program lists all the members of the
// System.IO.BufferedStream class.
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
class ListMembers
{
public static void Main()
{
// Specifies the class.
Type t = typeof(System.IO.BufferedStream);
Console.WriteLine("Listing all the members (public and non public) of the {0} type", t);
// Lists static fields first.
FieldInfo[] fi = t.GetFields(BindingFlags.Static |
BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
Console.WriteLine("// Static Fields");
PrintMembers(fi);
// Static properties.
PropertyInfo[] pi = t.GetProperties(BindingFlags.Static |
BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
Console.WriteLine("// Static Properties");
PrintMembers(pi);
// Static events.
EventInfo[] ei = t.GetEvents(BindingFlags.Static |
BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
Console.WriteLine("// Static Events");
PrintMembers(ei);
// Static methods.
MethodInfo[] mi = t.GetMethods (BindingFlags.Static |
BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
Console.WriteLine("// Static Methods");
PrintMembers(mi);
// Constructors.
ConstructorInfo[] ci = t.GetConstructors(BindingFlags.Instance |
BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
Console.WriteLine("// Constructors");
PrintMembers(ci);
// Instance fields.
fi = t.GetFields(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic |
BindingFlags.Public);
Console.WriteLine("// Instance Fields");
PrintMembers(fi);
// Instance properties.
pi = t.GetProperties(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic |
BindingFlags.Public);
Console.WriteLine ("// Instance Properties");
PrintMembers(pi);
// Instance events.
ei = t.GetEvents(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic |
BindingFlags.Public);
Console.WriteLine("// Instance Events");
PrintMembers(ei);
// Instance methods.
mi = t.GetMethods(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic
| BindingFlags.Public);
Console.WriteLine("// Instance Methods");
PrintMembers(mi);
Console.WriteLine("\r\nPress ENTER to exit.");
Console.Read();
}
public static void PrintMembers (MemberInfo [] ms)
{
foreach (MemberInfo m in ms)
{
Console.WriteLine ("{0}{1}", " ", m);
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
' This program lists all the members of the
' System.IO.BufferedStream class.
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Reflection
Class ListMembers
Public Shared Sub Main()
' Specifies the class.
Dim t As Type = GetType(System.IO.BufferedStream)
Console.WriteLine("Listing all the members (public and non public) of the {0} type", t)
' Lists static fields first.
Dim fi As FieldInfo() = t.GetFields((BindingFlags.Static Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
Console.WriteLine("// Static Fields")
PrintMembers(fi)
' Static properties.
Dim pi As PropertyInfo() = t.GetProperties((BindingFlags.Static Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
Console.WriteLine("// Static Properties")
PrintMembers(pi)
' Static events.
Dim ei As EventInfo() = t.GetEvents((BindingFlags.Static Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
Console.WriteLine("// Static Events")
PrintMembers(ei)
' Static methods.
Dim mi As MethodInfo() = t.GetMethods((BindingFlags.Static Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
Console.WriteLine("// Static Methods")
PrintMembers(mi)
' Constructors.
Dim ci As ConstructorInfo() = t.GetConstructors((BindingFlags.Instance Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
Console.WriteLine("// Constructors")
PrintMembers(ci)
' Instance fields.
fi = t.GetFields((BindingFlags.Instance Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
Console.WriteLine("// Instance Fields")
PrintMembers(fi)
' Instance properties.
pi = t.GetProperties((BindingFlags.Instance Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
Console.WriteLine("// Instance Properties")
PrintMembers(pi)
' Instance events.
ei = t.GetEvents((BindingFlags.Instance Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
Console.WriteLine("// Instance Events")
PrintMembers(ei)
' Instance methods.
mi = t.GetMethods((BindingFlags.Instance Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
Console.WriteLine("// Instance Methods")
PrintMembers(mi)
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & "Press ENTER to exit.")
Console.Read()
End Sub
Public Shared Sub PrintMembers(ms() As MemberInfo)
Dim m As MemberInfo
For Each m In ms
Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}", " ", m)
Next m
Console.WriteLine()
End Sub
End Class
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