Hi Damon,
On left click on Resource providers blade, then on right side select Microsoft.Compute and click Register button at top. It takes some time to register the provider, so wait about 20 minutes or so and then check to see if the list of Quotas has populated.
By default, you should have many different VM Families with available vCPU quota. In addition, it is normal for the more expensive VM families for the default quota to be 0 vCPU and you just need to request increase if you need it.
Please reply back with your results, whether positive or negative. It would be helpful if you make a new screenshot showing the default quotas that show up so I can glance at it to see if it appears normal. Depending on what happens you may need to open support request and have them fix your subscription on the backend.
Thanks.
-TP