If you have a hybrid environment , It's not good idea to not sync AD user to Entra ID. Without synchronization , user cannot use his AD account to authenticate in Azure.
You can enable synchronization without affecting a licence for synced user because the synchronization through Entra connect server doesn't affect automatically a licence to a synced user. When the synchronization is enable between AD on-premise and Entra ID through Entra connect server , user will be able to use his AD account to access on Azure by enabling one of SSO method:
Fedaration service ( need to install a additional server) Synchronisation of hash password Pass-through authentication
To get more details I invite you to read these articles:
Azure Hybrid Identity Authentication Methods
What is hybrid identity with Microsoft Entra ID?
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