Hi @Rafael Leão ,
What’s your Exchange environment? Is it an Exchange online environment or a hybrid deployment environment?
Did you change any settings on your Exchange server before this issue occurred?
According to the Microsoft official article, this error code is part of anti-spam filtering in Microsoft 365 or Office 365. You'll get this error when the source IP address that's sending you email changes significantly from its previously-established patterns. This error response is called IP throttling, and it can help reduce the amount of spam that you receive.
Please try the following solutions provided by Microsoft official: Fix email delivery issues for error code 451 4.7.500-699 (ASxxx) in Exchange Online
If the answer is helpful, please click "Accept Answer" and kindly upvote it. If you have extra questions about this answer, please click "Comment".
Note: Please follow the steps in our documentation to enable e-mail notifications if you want to receive the related email notification for this thread.