@Justin Wright Thanks for reaching here! When you split a metric by instance in Azure Metrics, you can view the performance metrics for each individual instance of the App Service, In Azure App Service, the "instance" on the Metrics view refers to the individual instances of the app service that are running in the App Service Plan.
This can be useful for identifying performance issues or resource constraints on specific instances of the app service.
For details see- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/essentials/analyze-metrics#apply-metric-splitting
Note that- Application Insights, is feature of Azure Monitor, is an extensible Application Performance Management service and the logs in Application Insights are generated by application code. In Application Insights Application Map uses the cloud role name property to identify the components on the map. The Application Insights SDK or Agent automatically adds the cloud role name property to the telemetry emitted by components in an Azure App Service environment.
Cloud role instance is the Name of the instance where the application is running. Computer name for on-premisis, instance name for Azure.
For details suggest you refer here- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/app/app-map?tabs=net#set-or-override-cloud-role-name
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.