After installing the latest SQL Server Management Studio and Visual Studio updates, both are inoperable, failing with the error:
Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation
I have checked the PATH length, which is a common solution to this problem and it is well within the maximum length.
The SSMS update executable will no longer run (no error, it just doesn't run) and I cannot uninstall or repair SSMS (also no error, it just doesn't run).