Hello @Michael ,
Thank you for posting here.
Here are two similar cases with marked answers for your references, you can try to troubleshoot the issue using the same methods to see if it helps.
Adding Active Directory Domain Services role fails
https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/226b3a8a-ef23-4fde-b95e-c903459a43f4/adding-active-directory-domain-services-role-fails?forum=winserver8setup
Wizard fails in windows server 2016 when adding roles and features (more specifically "Active Directory Domain Services" (and any other role)).
https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/e5ee79fb-7e71-41c2-aa26-5c95009e798d/wizard-fails-in-windows-server-2016-when-adding-roles-and-features-more-specifically-quotactive?forum=winservermanager
Hope the information above is helpful.
Should you have any question or concern, please feel free to let us know.
Best Regards,
Daisy Zhou
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