Hi @J-3804 ,
but would like to know if there is a similar connectivity test for a time frame for example for a day.
To the best of my knowledge, I am afraid there's no such an official tool that can do connectivity test for a time frame.
But as regards to the connectivity issues you are encountering, aside from https://testconnectivity.microsoft.com/tests/o365 you've already mentioned, I'd also recommend trying to run the Microsoft Support and Recovery Assistant on one of the affected machine to see if it can help detect and fix the issues.
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