Hi JLTechSupport,
Did you start upgrade SQL FCI from the passive nodes? Please unchecked the preferred owners option.
We perform a rolling upgrade to upgrade a SQL Server failover cluster instance to a new version. Use SQL Server setup to upgrade each node participating in the failover cluster instance, one at a time, starting with the passive nodes. As you upgrade each node, it is left out of the possible owners of the failover cluster instance.
Please refer to MS document Upgrade a failover cluster instance to get more details information.
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Best regards,
Cathy