The input method is an OS change, which is probably why the Windows method doesn't work in macOS. Here's a link to creating an AppleScript to change the keyboard input:
https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/376922/switch-to-a-specific-input-source-in-os-x-in-catalina-with-applescript
When you copy a slide, then paste it as an image in the same presentation, you are copying the thumbnail image. It will always be a lower resolution because the original image is low-res. To get a higher-resolution image, export the slide as a graphic, then import that image to the slide where you want it to display.
This site is for support of Microsoft products. Mendeley is not a Microsoft product.
As I've previously answered, Mendeley is not supported in current version of macOS. https://service.elsevier.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/18155/supporthub/mendeley/~/is-mendeley-desktop-supported-in-mac-os-10.14-mojave%3F/
The solution is to use a different add-in, like Zotero or EndNote.
Most Office.js add-ins (those found under Insert>Add-ins>Get Add-ins) are by third-party vendors, not by Microsoft. You should contact the vendor with any problems.
In the case of the add-in you mention, I don't find anything by "Sunquest" or anything called "Powerpath" when I search add-ins, so I would guess that add-in is no longer available.
When you insert a file as an object, you are using OLE. When you use an image link, it's more similar to an HTML hyperlink. Most linked OLE objects won't work on a Mac, so if you ever need to move your work to a different computer, that might be a factor.
You can use these types of links with images. For other file types, you still need to use objects.