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Create Linux-based clusters in HDInsight using Azure PowerShell

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Azure PowerShell is a powerful scripting environment that you can use to control and automate the deployment and management of your workloads in Microsoft Azure. This document provides information about how to create a Linux-based HDInsight cluster by using Azure PowerShell. It also includes an example script.

If you don't have an Azure subscription, create a free account before you begin.

Prerequisites

Note

We recommend that you use the Azure Az PowerShell module to interact with Azure. See Install Azure PowerShell to get started. To learn how to migrate to the Az PowerShell module, see Migrate Azure PowerShell from AzureRM to Az.

Azure PowerShell Az module.

Create cluster

Warning

Billing for HDInsight clusters is prorated per minute, whether you use them or not. Be sure to delete your cluster after you finish using it. See how to delete an HDInsight cluster.

To create an HDInsight cluster by using Azure PowerShell, you must complete the following procedures:

  • Create an Azure resource group
  • Create an Azure Storage account
  • Create an Azure Blob container
  • Create an HDInsight cluster

Note

Using PowerShell to create an HDInsight cluster with Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 is not currently supported.

The following script demonstrates how to create a new cluster:

# Login to your Azure subscription
$context = Get-AzContext
if ($context -eq $null) 
{
    Connect-AzAccount
}
$context

# If you have multiple subscriptions, set the one to use
# $subscriptionID = "<subscription ID to use>"
# Select-AzSubscription -SubscriptionId $subscriptionID

# Get user input/default values
$resourceGroupName = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter the resource group name"
$location = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter the Azure region to create resources in"

# Create the resource group
New-AzResourceGroup -Name $resourceGroupName -Location $location

$defaultStorageAccountName = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter the name of the storage account"

# Create an Az.Storage account and container
New-AzStorageAccount `
    -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
    -Name $defaultStorageAccountName `
    -Type Standard_LRS `
    -Location $location
$defaultStorageAccountKey = (Get-AzStorageAccountKey `
                                -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
                                -Name $defaultStorageAccountName)[0].Value

$storageAccountResourceId = (Get-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -AccountName $defaultStorageAccountName).Id  

$defaultStorageContext = New-AzStorageContext `
                                -StorageAccountName $defaultStorageAccountName `
                                -StorageAccountKey $defaultStorageAccountKey

# Get information for the HDInsight cluster
$clusterName = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter the name of the HDInsight cluster"
# Cluster login is used to secure HTTPS services hosted on the cluster
$httpCredential = Get-Credential -Message "Enter Cluster login credentials" -UserName "admin"
# SSH user is used to remotely connect to the cluster using SSH clients
$sshCredentials = Get-Credential -Message "Enter SSH user credentials" -UserName "sshuser"

# Default cluster size (# of worker nodes), version, type, and OS
$clusterSizeInNodes = "4"
$clusterVersion = "5.1"
$clusterType = "Hadoop"
$clusterOS = "Linux"
# Set the storage container name to the cluster name
$defaultBlobContainerName = $clusterName

# Create a blob container. This holds the default data store for the cluster.
New-AzStorageContainer `
    -Name $clusterName -Context $defaultStorageContext 

# Create the HDInsight cluster
    New-AzHDInsightCluster `
    -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
    -ClusterName $clusterName `
    -Location $location `
    -ClusterSizeInNodes $clusterSizeInNodes `
    -ClusterType $clusterType `
    -OSType $clusterOS `
    -Version $clusterVersion `
    -HttpCredential $httpCredential `
    -StorageAccountResourceId $storageAccountResourceId `
    -StorageAccountKey $defaultStorageAccountKey `
    -StorageContainer $defaultBlobContainerName `
    -SshCredential $sshCredentials

The values you specify for the cluster login are used to create the Hadoop user account for the cluster. Use this account to connect to services hosted on the cluster such as web UIs or REST APIs.

The values you specify for the SSH user are used to create the SSH user for the cluster. Use this account to start a remote SSH session on the cluster and run jobs. For more information, see the Use SSH with HDInsight document.

Important

If you plan to use more than 32 worker nodes (either at cluster creation or by scaling the cluster after creation), you must also specify a head node size with at least 8 cores and 14 GB of RAM.

For more information on node sizes and associated costs, see HDInsight pricing.

It can take up to 20 minutes to create a cluster.

Create cluster: Configuration object

You can also create an HDInsight configuration object using New-AzHDInsightClusterConfig cmdlet. You can then modify this configuration object to enable additional configuration options for your cluster. Finally, use the -Config parameter of the New-AzHDInsightCluster cmdlet to use the configuration.

Customize clusters

Delete the cluster

Warning

Billing for HDInsight clusters is prorated per minute, whether you use them or not. Be sure to delete your cluster after you finish using it. See how to delete an HDInsight cluster.

Troubleshoot

If you run into issues with creating HDInsight clusters, see access control requirements.

Next steps

Now that you've successfully created an HDInsight cluster, use the following resources to learn how to work with your cluster.

Apache Hadoop clusters

Apache HBase clusters

Apache Spark clusters