Adding Users to an Encrypted File
The code sample in this topic adds a new user to an existing encrypted file by using the AddUsersToEncryptedFile function. It requires the user's Encrypting File System (EFS) certificate (from the Active Directory) to exist in the Trusted People user certificate store.
This sample adds a new Data Recovery Field to the encrypted file. As a result, the newly added user can decrypt the encrypted file. The caller must already have access to the encrypted file, either as the original owner, the data recovery agent, or as a user who was previously added to the encrypted file.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Adduser.c: adds a user to an encrypted file.
//
// Note: Build project must link Crypt32.lib
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
#define UNICODE 1
#include <Windows.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <wincrypt.h>
#include <winefs.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "Advapi32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "Crypt32.lib")
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Utility function that outputs this application's usage
// instructions.
//
VOID usage(LPWSTR wszAppName)
{
wprintf(L"\n%s: adds users to encrypted files.\n", wszAppName);
wprintf(L"\nUsage:\tadduser <file> <user name> <subject name>\n\n");
wprintf(L"\t<file> is the name of the file\n");
wprintf(L"\t<user name> is the name of the user's account\n");
wprintf(L"\t\tExample: for name@example.com, use \"name\"\n");
wprintf(L"\t<subject name> is the \"IssuedTo\" name on the ");
wprintf(L"certificate\n\t\tfrom the TrustedPeople store.\n");
exit(1);
}
VOID ErrorExit(LPWSTR wszErrorMessage, DWORD dwErrorCode);
void __cdecl wmain(int argc, wchar_t *argv[])
{
LPWSTR wszFile = NULL;
LPWSTR wszAccount = NULL;
LPWSTR wszSubject = NULL;
PSID pSid = NULL;
DWORD cbSid = 0;
LPWSTR wszDomain = NULL;
DWORD cchDomain = 0;
SID_NAME_USE SidType = SidTypeUser;
HCERTSTORE hStore = NULL;
PCCERT_CONTEXT pCertContext = NULL;
PENCRYPTION_CERTIFICATE pEfsEncryptionCert = NULL;
PENCRYPTION_CERTIFICATE_LIST pEfsEncryptionCertList = NULL;
DWORD dwResult = ERROR_SUCCESS;
// Simple check whether to explain usage to the user.
//
if(argc !=4)
{
usage(argv[0]);
}
// TODO: Check the parameters for correctness.
//
wszFile = argv[1];
wszAccount = argv[2];
wszSubject = argv[3];
// First, look up the user's SID using the specified account name.
// Call LookupAccountName twice; first to find the size of the
// SID, and a second time to retrieve the SID.
//
LookupAccountName(NULL,wszAccount,pSid,&cbSid,
wszDomain,&cchDomain,&SidType);
if(0 == cbSid)
{
ErrorExit(L"LookupAccountName did not return the SID size.",
GetLastError());
}
pSid = (PSID)malloc(cbSid);
if(!pSid)
{
ErrorExit(L"Failed to allocate SID.", GetLastError());
}
wszDomain = (LPWSTR)malloc(cchDomain * sizeof(WCHAR));
if(!wszDomain)
{
ErrorExit(L"Failed to allocate string.", GetLastError());
}
if(!LookupAccountName(NULL,wszAccount,pSid,&cbSid,
wszDomain,&cchDomain,&SidType))
{
ErrorExit(L"LookupAccountName failed.", GetLastError());
}
// Obtain the user's certificate.
// Search the TrustedPeople store for the specified subject name.
// Anyone who has encrypted a file on the computer has an
// encryption certificate placed the TrustedPeople store by the
// system. It is likely that the user has a matching private key.
//
hStore = CertOpenSystemStore( (HCRYPTPROV)NULL,L"TrustedPeople");
if (! hStore)
{
ErrorExit(L"OpenSystemStore failed.", GetLastError());
}
pCertContext = CertFindCertificateInStore( hStore,
X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
0,
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR,
(VOID*)wszSubject,
NULL);
if(!pCertContext)
{
ErrorExit(L"FindCertificateInStore failed.", GetLastError());
}
// Create the ENCRYPTION_CERTIFICATE using the cert context and
// the user's SID.
//
pEfsEncryptionCert = (PENCRYPTION_CERTIFICATE)
malloc(sizeof(ENCRYPTION_CERTIFICATE));
if(!pEfsEncryptionCert)
{
ErrorExit(L"Failed to allocate structure.", GetLastError());
}
pEfsEncryptionCert->cbTotalLength =
sizeof(ENCRYPTION_CERTIFICATE);
pEfsEncryptionCert->pUserSid = (SID *)pSid;
pEfsEncryptionCert->pCertBlob = (PEFS_CERTIFICATE_BLOB)
malloc(sizeof(EFS_CERTIFICATE_BLOB));
if(!pEfsEncryptionCert->pCertBlob)
{
ErrorExit(L"Failed to allocate cert blob.", GetLastError());
}
pEfsEncryptionCert->pCertBlob->dwCertEncodingType =
pCertContext->dwCertEncodingType;
pEfsEncryptionCert->pCertBlob->cbData =
pCertContext->cbCertEncoded;
pEfsEncryptionCert->pCertBlob->pbData =
pCertContext->pbCertEncoded;
// AddUsersToEncryptedFile takes an ENCRYPTION_CERTIFICATE_LIST;
// create one with only one ENCRYPTION_CERTIFICATE in it.
//
pEfsEncryptionCertList = (PENCRYPTION_CERTIFICATE_LIST)
malloc(sizeof(ENCRYPTION_CERTIFICATE_LIST));
if(!pEfsEncryptionCertList)
{
ErrorExit(L"Failed to allocate structure.", GetLastError());
}
pEfsEncryptionCertList->nUsers = 1;
pEfsEncryptionCertList->pUsers = &pEfsEncryptionCert;
// Call the API to add the user.
//
dwResult =
AddUsersToEncryptedFile(wszFile,pEfsEncryptionCertList);
if(ERROR_SUCCESS == dwResult)
{
wprintf(L"The user was successfully added to the file.\n");
}
else
{
ErrorExit(L"AddUsersToEncryptedFile failed.", dwResult);
}
// Clean up all allocated resources.
//
if(wszDomain) free(wszDomain);
if(pSid) free(pSid);
if(pCertContext) CertFreeCertificateContext(pCertContext);
if(hStore) CertCloseStore(hStore,CERT_CLOSE_STORE_FORCE_FLAG);
if(pEfsEncryptionCertList)
{
if (pEfsEncryptionCertList->pUsers)
{
if(pEfsEncryptionCertList->pUsers[0])
{
if((pEfsEncryptionCertList->pUsers[0])->pCertBlob)
free((pEfsEncryptionCertList->pUsers[0])->pCertBlob);
free(pEfsEncryptionCertList->pUsers[0]);
}
free(pEfsEncryptionCertList->pUsers);
}
free(pEfsEncryptionCertList);
}
wprintf(L"The program ran to completion without error.\n");
exit(0);
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------
// A simple error handling function that prints an error message
// and exits the program.
//
// TODO: Replace this function with one that has better error
// reporting.
//
VOID ErrorExit(LPWSTR wszErrorMessage, DWORD dwErrorCode)
{
fwprintf(stderr, L"An error occurred in running the program. \n");
fwprintf(stderr, L"%s\n", wszErrorMessage);
fwprintf(stderr, L"Error code: 0x%08x\n", dwErrorCode);
fwprintf(stderr, L"Program terminating. \n");
exit(1);
}
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