How to Create Up-Down Controls
You create up-down controls by calling the CreateWindowEx function and passing the value UPDOWN_CLASS for the Windows class parameter lpClassName.
Note The CreateUpDownControl function is deprecated. You should use the CreateWindowEx function instead.
The code example featured in this topic uses an up-down control to drive a progress bar.
What you need to know
Technologies
Prerequisites
- C/C++
- Windows User Interface Programming
Instructions
Step 1: Add References to the Common Controls
Besides adding a preprocessor directive to include the common controls header file, you must also configure the linker to reference the latest version of the common controls library.
#include <commctrl.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SDKs\\Windows\\v7.1\\Lib\\ComCtl32.Lib")
#pragma comment(linker,"\"/manifestdependency:type = 'win32' \
name = 'Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls' \
version = '6.0.0.0' \
processorArchitecture = '*' \
publicKeyToken = '6595b64144ccf1df' \
language = '*'\"")
Step 2: Forward Declarations
Declare handles to the up-down control and to its sibling controls, and forward reference the functions that initialize and create the controls.
INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX icex; // Structure for control initialization.
const UINT valMin=0; // The range of values for the Up-Down control.
const UINT valMax=100;
RECT rcClient; // Client area of parent window (Dialog Box).
UINT cyVScroll; // Height of scroll bar arrow.
HWND hControl = NULL; // Handles to the controls.
HWND hwndGroupBox = NULL;
HWND hwndLabel = NULL;
HWND hwndUpDnEdtBdy = NULL;
HWND hwndUpDnCtl = NULL;
HWND hwndProgBar = NULL;
HWND CreateGroupBox(HWND); // Handles to the create controls functions.
HWND CreateLabel(HWND);
HWND CreateUpDnBuddy(HWND);
HWND CreateUpDnCtl(HWND);
HWND CreateProgBar(HWND);
Declare a forward reference to the window processor for the up-down control's parent dialog.
INT_PTR CALLBACK UpDownDialogProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
Step 3: Initialize the INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX Structure's dwSize Member
The INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX structure carries the information used to load common control classes from the DLL. This structure is used with the InitCommonControlsEx function, which requires the structure's size in order to do its job.
icex.dwSize = sizeof(INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX);
Note
You only need to initialize the dwSize member once, but you must call the InitCommonControlsEx function each time you create a common control.
Step 4: Create a Parent Dialog Box to Host the Up-Down Control
You can implement this as a message handler in the main window processor (WndProc).
case WM_COMMAND:
wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
switch (wmId)
{
case IDM_RUN_UPDOWN:
DialogBox(g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_UPDOWN), hWnd, UpDownDialogProc);
break;
case IDM_EXIT:
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
break;
Step 5: Implement a Window Processor for the Up-Down Control's Parent Window
When the parent dialog box is created, it is initialized with its child windows—the controls that it parents. When the user clicks one of the up-down control's arrows, the operating system notifies the dialog of the event by sending it a WM_NOTIFY message that contains the notification code UDN_DELTAPOS, which in turn contains information about the buddy window's new value. The WM_NOTIFY message handler updates the progress bar with this new information.
INT_PTR CALLBACK UpDownDialogProc(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
UINT nCode;
int iPosIndicated;
LPNMUPDOWN lpnmud;
switch (message)
{
case WM_INITDIALOG:
GetClientRect(hDlg, &rcClient);
cyVScroll = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYVSCROLL);
hwndGroupBox = CreateGroupBox(hDlg); // Group the controls.
hwndLabel = CreateLabel(hDlg); // Create a label for the Up-Down control.
hwndUpDnEdtBdy = CreateUpDnBuddy(hDlg); // Create an buddy window (an Edit control).
hwndUpDnCtl = CreateUpDnCtl(hDlg); // Create an Up-Down control.
hwndProgBar = CreateProgBar(hDlg); // Create a Progress bar,
// to reflect the state of the Up-down control.
return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
case WM_NOTIFY:
nCode = ((LPNMHDR)lParam)->code;
switch (nCode)
{
case UDN_DELTAPOS:
lpnmud = (LPNMUPDOWN)lParam;
iPosIndicated = SendMessage(hwndProgBar, PBM_GETPOS, (WPARAM)0, (LPARAM)0);
SendMessage(hwndProgBar,
PBM_SETPOS,
(WPARAM)(iPosIndicated + lpnmud->iDelta), // iPosIndicated can have
(LPARAM)0); // any signed integer value.
break;
}
case WM_COMMAND:
if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
{
EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
return TRUE;
}
break;
}
return FALSE;
}
Step 6: Create the Buddy Window
The up-down control's buddy window is an edit control, and edit controls belong to the class of standard common controls. To use an edit control, call the InitCommonControlsEx function with the ICC_STANDARD_CLASSES initialization flag.
HWND CreateUpDnBuddy(HWND hwndParent)
{
icex.dwICC = ICC_STANDARD_CLASSES; // Set the Initialization Flag value.
InitCommonControlsEx(&icex); // Initialize the Common Controls Library to use
// Buttons, Edit Controls, Static Controls, Listboxes,
// Comboboxes, and Scroll Bars.
hControl = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_LEFT | WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE | WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP, //Extended window styles.
WC_EDIT,
NULL,
WS_CHILDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER // Window styles.
| ES_NUMBER | ES_LEFT, // Edit control styles.
rcClient.left+160, rcClient.top+40,
rcClient.left+52, rcClient.top+23,
hwndParent,
NULL,
g_hInst,
NULL);
return (hControl);
}
Step 7: Create the Up-Down Control
Up-down controls belong to the up-down class. To use an up-down control, call the InitCommonControlsEx function with the ICC_UPDOWN_CLASS initialization flag. To get the control to count upward when the user clicks the control's up arrow, you must set the up-down control's range and direction. You do this by sending the control a UDM_SETRANGE message that contains values for upper and lower bounds.
HWND CreateUpDnCtl(HWND hwndParent)
{
icex.dwICC = ICC_UPDOWN_CLASS; // Set the Initialization Flag value.
InitCommonControlsEx(&icex); // Initialize the Common Controls Library.
hControl = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_LEFT | WS_EX_LTRREADING,
UPDOWN_CLASS,
NULL,
WS_CHILDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE
| UDS_AUTOBUDDY | UDS_SETBUDDYINT | UDS_ALIGNRIGHT | UDS_ARROWKEYS | UDS_HOTTRACK,
0, 0,
0, 0, // Set to zero to automatically size to fit the buddy window.
hwndParent,
NULL,
g_hInst,
NULL);
SendMessage(hControl, UDM_SETRANGE, 0, MAKELPARAM(valMax, valMin)); // Sets the controls direction
// and range.
return (hControl);
}
Up-Down Control Sample Code
This is the complete implementation of the UpDown code sample. You can experiment with it by creating a blank Win32 project, copying and pasting this code into an empty C++ file, and then adding your own header file, RC file, resource.h file, and an icon file (*.ico).
// UpDown.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
#include "UpDown.h"
#include <commctrl.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SDKs\\Windows\\v7.1\\Lib\\ComCtl32.Lib")
#pragma comment(linker,"\"/manifestdependency:type = 'win32' \
name = 'Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls' \
version = '6.0.0.0' \
processorArchitecture = '*' \
publicKeyToken = '6595b64144ccf1df' \
language = '*'\"")
#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100
HINSTANCE g_hInst; // Global handle to the current instance.
TCHAR g_szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text.
TCHAR g_szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The main window class name.
INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX icex; // Structure for control initialization.
const UINT valMin=0; // The range of values for the Up-Down control.
const UINT valMax=100;
RECT rcClient; // Client area of parent window (Dialog Box).
UINT cyVScroll; // Height of scroll bar arrow.
HWND hControl = NULL; // Handles to the controls.
HWND hwndGroupBox = NULL;
HWND hwndLabel = NULL;
HWND hwndUpDnEdtBdy = NULL;
HWND hwndUpDnCtl = NULL;
HWND hwndProgBar = NULL;
HWND CreateGroupBox(HWND); // Handles to the create controls functions.
HWND CreateLabel(HWND);
HWND CreateUpDnBuddy(HWND);
HWND CreateUpDnCtl(HWND);
HWND CreateProgBar(HWND);
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK UpDownDialogProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
int APIENTRY _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);
MSG msg;
HACCEL hAccelTable;
LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, g_szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
LoadString(hInstance, IDC_UPDOWN, g_szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
MyRegisterClass(hInstance);
if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
return FALSE;
hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_UPDOWN));
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}
return (int) msg.wParam;
}
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
WNDCLASSEX wcex;
wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_UpDown));
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
wcex.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDM_MAIN);
wcex.lpszClassName = g_szWindowClass;
wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_UpDown));
return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);
}
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
HWND hWnd;
g_hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable.
hWnd = CreateWindow(g_szWindowClass, // Class.
g_szTitle, // Window title.
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // Window style.
CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, // Coordinates of top left corner.
CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, // Width and height.
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
if (!hWnd)
return FALSE;
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
return TRUE;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
UINT wmId, wmEvent;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
icex.dwSize = sizeof(INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX);
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
return TRUE;
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
switch (wmId)
{
case IDM_RUN_UPDOWN:
DialogBox(g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_UPDOWN), hWnd, UpDownDialogProc);
break;
case IDM_EXIT:
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
break;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
INT_PTR CALLBACK UpDownDialogProc(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
UINT nCode;
int iPosIndicated;
LPNMUPDOWN lpnmud;
switch (message)
{
case WM_INITDIALOG:
GetClientRect(hDlg, &rcClient);
cyVScroll = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYVSCROLL);
hwndGroupBox = CreateGroupBox(hDlg); // Group the controls.
hwndLabel = CreateLabel(hDlg); // Create a label for the Up-Down control.
hwndUpDnEdtBdy = CreateUpDnBuddy(hDlg); // Create an buddy window (an Edit control).
hwndUpDnCtl = CreateUpDnCtl(hDlg); // Create an Up-Down control.
hwndProgBar = CreateProgBar(hDlg); // Create a Progress bar,
// to reflect the state of the Up-down control.
return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
case WM_NOTIFY:
nCode = ((LPNMHDR)lParam)->code;
switch (nCode)
{
case UDN_DELTAPOS:
lpnmud = (LPNMUPDOWN)lParam;
iPosIndicated = SendMessage(hwndProgBar, PBM_GETPOS, (WPARAM)0, (LPARAM)0);
SendMessage(hwndProgBar,
PBM_SETPOS,
(WPARAM)(iPosIndicated + lpnmud->iDelta), // iPosIndicated can have
(LPARAM)0); // any signed integer value.
break;
}
case WM_COMMAND:
if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
{
EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
return TRUE;
}
break;
}
return FALSE;
}
HWND CreateUpDnBuddy(HWND hwndParent)
{
icex.dwICC = ICC_STANDARD_CLASSES; // Set the Initialization Flag value.
InitCommonControlsEx(&icex); // Initialize the Common Controls Library to use
// Buttons, Edit Controls, Static Controls, Listboxes,
// Comboboxes, and Scroll Bars.
hControl = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_LEFT | WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE | WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP, //Extended window styles.
WC_EDIT,
NULL,
WS_CHILDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER // Window styles.
| ES_NUMBER | ES_LEFT, // Edit control styles.
rcClient.left+160, rcClient.top+40,
rcClient.left+52, rcClient.top+23,
hwndParent,
NULL,
g_hInst,
NULL);
return (hControl);
}
HWND CreateUpDnCtl(HWND hwndParent)
{
icex.dwICC = ICC_UPDOWN_CLASS; // Set the Initialization Flag value.
InitCommonControlsEx(&icex); // Initialize the Common Controls Library.
hControl = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_LEFT | WS_EX_LTRREADING,
UPDOWN_CLASS,
NULL,
WS_CHILDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE
| UDS_AUTOBUDDY | UDS_SETBUDDYINT | UDS_ALIGNRIGHT | UDS_ARROWKEYS | UDS_HOTTRACK,
0, 0,
0, 0, // Set to zero to automatically size to fit the buddy window.
hwndParent,
NULL,
g_hInst,
NULL);
SendMessage(hControl, UDM_SETRANGE, 0, MAKELPARAM(valMax, valMin)); // Sets the controls direction
// and range.
return (hControl);
}
HWND CreateLabel(HWND hwndParent)
{
hControl = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_LEFT | WS_EX_LTRREADING,
WC_STATIC,
L"Adjust:",
WS_CHILDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE | SS_RIGHT,
rcClient.left+100, rcClient.top+42,
rcClient.left+45, rcClient.top+23,
hwndParent,
NULL,
g_hInst,
NULL);
return (hControl);
}
HWND CreateGroupBox(HWND hwndParent)
{
hControl = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_LEFT | WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT | WS_EX_LTRREADING,
WC_BUTTON,
L"Volume",
WS_CHILDWINDOW | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_VISIBLE | WS_GROUP | BS_GROUPBOX,
rcClient.left+10, rcClient.top+10,
rcClient.right-20, rcClient.bottom-2*cyVScroll-10,
hwndParent,
NULL,
g_hInst,
NULL);
return (hControl);
}
HWND CreateProgBar(HWND hwndParent)
{
icex.dwICC = ICC_PROGRESS_CLASS; // Set the Initialization Flag value.
InitCommonControlsEx(&icex); // Initialize the Common Controls Library to use the Progress Bar control.
hControl = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_STATICEDGE,
PROGRESS_CLASS,
L"Current Volume",
WS_CHILDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE | PBS_SMOOTH,
rcClient.left+10, rcClient.bottom - cyVScroll-10,
rcClient.right-20, cyVScroll,
hwndParent,
NULL,
g_hInst,
NULL);
// Set the range and increment of the progress bar.
SendMessage(hControl, PBM_SETRANGE, 0, MAKELPARAM(0, 100));
SendMessage(hControl, PBM_SETSTEP, (WPARAM) 1, 0);
return (hControl);
}
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