Array.Exists<T>(T[], Predicate<T>) Método

Definición

Espacio de nombres:

System

Ensamblado:

System.Runtime.dll

Ensamblado:

mscorlib.dll

Ensamblado:

netstandard.dll

Determina si la matriz especificada contiene elementos que coinciden con las condiciones definidas por el predicado especificado.

public:
generic <typename T>
 static bool Exists(cli::array <T> ^ array, Predicate<T> ^ match);

public static bool Exists<T> (T[] array, Predicate<T> match);

static member Exists : 'T[] * Predicate<'T> -> bool

Public Shared Function Exists(Of T) (array As T(), match As Predicate(Of T)) As Boolean

Parámetros de tipo

T

Tipo de los elementos de la matriz.

Parámetros

array

T[]

Array unidimensional de base cero en la que se realizará la búsqueda.

match

Predicate<T>

Predicate<T> que define las condiciones de los elementos que se van a buscar.

Devoluciones

Boolean

true si array contiene uno o varios elementos que coinciden con las condiciones definidas por el predicado especificado; de lo contrario, false.

Excepciones

ArgumentNullException

array es null.

O bien

match es null.

Ejemplos

En el ejemplo siguiente se especifican las condiciones de coincidencia para el Exists método mediante expresiones lambda para comprobar si un planeta comienza con una letra determinada o si el planeta se encuentra en la matriz especificada.

using System;

namespace Example
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string[] planets = { "Mercury", "Venus",
                "Earth", "Mars", "Jupiter",
                "Saturn", "Uranus", "Neptune" };

            Console.WriteLine("One or more planets begin with 'M': {0}",
                Array.Exists(planets, element => element.StartsWith("M")));

            Console.WriteLine("One or more planets begin with 'T': {0}",
                Array.Exists(planets, element => element.StartsWith("T")));

            Console.WriteLine("Is Pluto one of the planets? {0}",
                Array.Exists(planets, element => element == "Pluto"));
        }
    }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       One or more planets begin with 'M': True
//       One or more planets begin with 'T': False
//       Is Pluto one of the planets? False

open System

let  planets = 
    [| "Mercury"; "Venus"
       "Earth"; "Mars"; "Jupiter"
       "Saturn"; "Uranus"; "Neptune" |]

Array.Exists(planets, fun element -> element.StartsWith "M")
|> printfn "One or more planets begin with 'M': %O"

Array.Exists(planets, fun element -> element.StartsWith "T")
|> printfn "One or more planets begin with 'T': %O"

Array.Exists(planets, fun element -> element = "Pluto")
|> printfn "Is Pluto one of the planets? %O"

// The example displays the following output:
//       One or more planets begin with 'M': True
//       One or more planets begin with 'T': False
//       Is Pluto one of the planets? False

Module Example
    Public Sub Main()
        Dim planets() As String = {"Mercury", "Venus",
                                    "Earth", "Mars", "Jupiter",
                                    "Saturn", "Uranus", "Neptune"}

        Console.WriteLine("One or more planets begin with 'M': {0}",
            Array.Exists(planets, Function(element)
                                      Return element.StartsWith("M")
                                  End Function))

        Console.WriteLine("One or more planets begin with 'T': {0}",
            Array.Exists(planets, Function(element)
                                      Return element.StartsWith("T")
                                  End Function))

        Console.WriteLine("Is Pluto one of the planets? {0}",
            Array.Exists(planets, Function(element)
                                      Return element.Equals("Pluto")
                                  End Function))

    End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       One or more planets begin with 'M': True
'       One or more planets begin with 'T': False
'       Is Pluto one of the planets? False

En el ejemplo siguiente se usa el Exists método para indicar si los nombres de una matriz de cadenas comienzan con un carácter especificado. En el ejemplo se crea una instancia de un StringSearcher objeto pasando la cadena para buscar en su constructor de clase. El StringSearcher.StartsWith método tiene la misma firma que el Predicate<T> delegado. Cuando se llama al Exists método , cada miembro de la matriz se pasa al delegado hasta que devuelve true o recorre en iteración todos los elementos de la matriz.

using System;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      String[] names = { "Adam", "Adel", "Bridgette", "Carla",
                         "Charles", "Daniel", "Elaine", "Frances",
                         "George", "Gillian", "Henry", "Irving",
                         "James", "Janae", "Lawrence", "Miguel",
                         "Nicole", "Oliver", "Paula", "Robert",
                         "Stephen", "Thomas", "Vanessa",
                         "Veronica", "Wilberforce" };
      Char[] charsToFind = { 'A', 'K', 'W', 'Z' };

      foreach (var charToFind in charsToFind)
         Console.WriteLine("One or more names begin with '{0}': {1}",
                           charToFind,
                           Array.Exists(names, (new StringSearcher(charToFind)).StartsWith));
   }
}

public class StringSearcher
{
   char firstChar;

   public StringSearcher(char firstChar)
   {
      this.firstChar = char.ToUpper(firstChar);
   }

   public bool StartsWith(string s)
   {
      if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(s)) return false;

      if(s.Substring(0, 1).ToUpper() == firstChar.ToString())
         return true;
      else
         return false;
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       One or more names begin with 'A': True
//       One or more names begin with 'K': False
//       One or more names begin with 'W': True
//       One or more names begin with 'Z': False

open System

type StringSearcher(firstChar) =
    member _.StartsWith(s) =
        if String.IsNullOrEmpty s then 
            false 
        else
            s.Substring(0, 1).ToUpper() = string firstChar

let names = 
    [| "Adam"; "Adel"; "Bridgette"; "Carla";
       "Charles"; "Daniel"; "Elaine"; "Frances"
       "George"; "Gillian"; "Henry"; "Irving"
       "James"; "Janae"; "Lawrence"; "Miguel"
       "Nicole"; "Oliver"; "Paula"; "Robert"
       "Stephen"; "Thomas"; "Vanessa"
       "Veronica"; "Wilberforce" |]

let charsToFind = [ 'A'; 'K'; 'W'; 'Z' ]

for char in charsToFind do 
    let exists = Array.Exists(names, fun x -> StringSearcher(char).StartsWith x)
    // let exists = Array.exists (StringSearcher(char).StartsWith) names
    printfn $"One or more names begin with '{char}': {exists}"

// The example displays the following output:
//       One or more names begin with 'A': True
//       One or more names begin with 'K': False
//       One or more names begin with 'W': True
//       One or more names begin with 'Z': False

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim names() As String = { "Adam", "Adel", "Bridgette", "Carla",
                                "Charles", "Daniel", "Elaine", "Frances",
                                "George", "Gillian", "Henry", "Irving",
                                "James", "Janae", "Lawrence", "Miguel",
                                "Nicole", "Oliver", "Paula", "Robert",
                                "Stephen", "Thomas", "Vanessa",
                                "Veronica", "Wilberforce" }
      Dim charsToFind() As Char = { "A"c, "K"c, "W"c, "Z"c }
      
      For Each charToFind In charsToFind
         Console.WriteLine("One or more names begin with '{0}': {1}",
                           charToFind,
                           Array.Exists(names, AddressOf (New StringSearcher(charToFind)).StartsWith))
      Next
   End Sub
   
End Module

Public Class StringSearcher
   Dim firstChar As Char
   
   Public Sub New(firstChar As Char)
      Me.firstChar = Char.ToUpper(firstChar)
   End Sub
   
   Public Function StartsWith(s As String) As Boolean
      If String.IsNullOrEmpty(s) Then Return False
      
      If s.Substring(0, 1).ToUpper = firstChar Then
         Return True
      Else
         Return False
      End If
   End Function
End Class
' The example displays the following output:
'       One or more names begin with 'A': True
'       One or more names begin with 'K': False
'       One or more names begin with 'W': True
'       One or more names begin with 'Z': False

También puede usar una expresión lambda en lugar de definir explícitamente un método cuya firma corresponde a la del delegado. En el ejemplo siguiente se reemplaza la StringSearcher clase y su StartsWith método por una expresión lambda.

using System;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      String[] names = { "Adam", "Adel", "Bridgette", "Carla",
                         "Charles", "Daniel", "Elaine", "Frances",
                         "George", "Gillian", "Henry", "Irving",
                         "James", "Janae", "Lawrence", "Miguel",
                         "Nicole", "Oliver", "Paula", "Robert",
                         "Stephen", "Thomas", "Vanessa",
                         "Veronica", "Wilberforce" };
      Char[] charsToFind = { 'A', 'K', 'W', 'Z' };

      foreach (var charToFind in charsToFind)
         Console.WriteLine("One or more names begin with '{0}': {1}",
                           charToFind,
                           Array.Exists(names,
                                        s => { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(s))
                                                  return false;

                                               if (s.Substring(0, 1).ToUpper() == charToFind.ToString())
                                                  return true;
                                               else
                                                  return false;
                                             } ));
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       One or more names begin with 'A': True
//       One or more names begin with 'K': False
//       One or more names begin with 'W': True
//       One or more names begin with 'Z': False

open System

let names = 
    [| "Adam"; "Adel"; "Bridgette"; "Carla";
       "Charles"; "Daniel"; "Elaine"; "Frances"
       "George"; "Gillian"; "Henry"; "Irving"
       "James"; "Janae"; "Lawrence"; "Miguel"
       "Nicole"; "Oliver"; "Paula"; "Robert"
       "Stephen"; "Thomas"; "Vanessa"
       "Veronica"; "Wilberforce" |]

let charsToFind = [ 'A'; 'K'; 'W'; 'Z' ]

for char in charsToFind do
    let exists = 
        Array.Exists(names, fun s -> 
            if String.IsNullOrEmpty s then false 
            else s.Substring(0, 1).ToUpper() = string char)

    printfn $"One or more names begin with '{char}': {exists}"
                    
// The example displays the following output:
//       One or more names begin with 'A': True
//       One or more names begin with 'K': False
//       One or more names begin with 'W': True
//       One or more names begin with 'Z': False

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim names() As String = { "Adam", "Adel", "Bridgette", "Carla",
                                "Charles", "Daniel", "Elaine", "Frances",
                                "George", "Gillian", "Henry", "Irving",
                                "James", "Janae", "Lawrence", "Miguel",
                                "Nicole", "Oliver", "Paula", "Robert",
                                "Stephen", "Thomas", "Vanessa",
                                "Veronica", "Wilberforce" }
      Dim charsToFind() As Char = { "A"c, "K"c, "W"c, "Z"c }

      For Each charToFind In charsToFind
         Console.WriteLine("One or more names begin with '{0}': {1}",
                           charToFind,
                           Array.Exists(names, Function(s)
                                                  If String.IsNullOrEmpty(s) Then Return False

                                                  If s.Substring(0, 1).ToUpper = charToFind Then
                                                     Return True
                                                  Else
                                                     Return False
                                                  End If
                                               End Function ))
      Next
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       One or more names begin with 'A': True
'       One or more names begin with 'K': False
'       One or more names begin with 'W': True
'       One or more names begin with 'Z': False

Comentarios

Predicate<T> es un delegado de un método que devuelve true si el objeto pasado a él coincide con las condiciones definidas en el delegado. Los elementos de array se pasan individualmente a Predicate<T>y el procesamiento se detiene cuando se encuentra una coincidencia.

Nota

En C# y Visual Basic, no es necesario crear el Predicate<T> delegado explícitamente. Estos idiomas deducen el delegado correcto del contexto y lo crean automáticamente. En F#, las funciones y las expresiones lambda se convierten implícitamente.

Este método es una operación O(n), donde n es de Length array.

Consulte también

• Find<T>(T[], Predicate<T>)
• FindLast<T>(T[], Predicate<T>)
• FindAll<T>(T[], Predicate<T>)
• BinarySearch
• IndexOf
• LastIndexOf
• TrueForAll<T>(T[], Predicate<T>)
• Predicate<T>
• Expresiones lambda (Guía de programación de C#)
• Lambda (expresiones) (Visual Basic)