IEnumerable<T>.GetEnumerator Método
Definición
Devuelve un enumerador que procesa una iteración en la colección.Returns an enumerator that iterates through the collection.
public:
System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerator<T> ^ GetEnumerator();public System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator<out T> GetEnumerator ();public System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator ();abstract member GetEnumerator : unit -> System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator<'T>Public Function GetEnumerator () As IEnumerator(Of Out T)Public Function GetEnumerator () As IEnumerator(Of T)Devoluciones
Enumerador que se puede utilizar para recorrer en iteración la colección.An enumerator that can be used to iterate through the collection.
Ejemplos
En el ejemplo siguiente se muestra cómo implementar la IEnumerable<T> interfaz y se utiliza esa implementación para crear una consulta LINQ.The following example demonstrates how to implement the IEnumerable<T> interface and uses that implementation to create a LINQ query. Al implementar IEnumerable<T> , también debe implementar IEnumerator<T> o, solo para C#, puede utilizar la palabra clave yield .When you implement IEnumerable<T>, you must also implement IEnumerator<T> or, for C# only, you can use the yield keyword. La implementación IEnumerator<T> también requiere IDisposable que se implemente, que verá en este ejemplo.Implementing IEnumerator<T> also requires IDisposable to be implemented, which you will see in this example.
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
public class App
{
// Excercise the Iterator and show that it's more
// performant.
public static void Main()
{
TestStreamReaderEnumerable();
Console.WriteLine("---");
TestReadingFile();
}
public static void TestStreamReaderEnumerable()
{
// Check the memory before the iterator is used.
long memoryBefore = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
IEnumerable<String> stringsFound;
// Open a file with the StreamReaderEnumerable and check for a string.
try {
stringsFound =
from line in new StreamReaderEnumerable(@"c:\temp\tempFile.txt")
where line.Contains("string to search for")
select line;
Console.WriteLine("Found: " + stringsFound.Count());
}
catch (FileNotFoundException) {
Console.WriteLine(@"This example requires a file named C:\temp\tempFile.txt.");
return;
}
// Check the memory after the iterator and output it to the console.
long memoryAfter = GC.GetTotalMemory(false);
Console.WriteLine("Memory Used With Iterator = \t"
+ string.Format(((memoryAfter - memoryBefore) / 1000).ToString(), "n") + "kb");
}
public static void TestReadingFile()
{
long memoryBefore = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
StreamReader sr;
try {
sr = File.OpenText("c:\\temp\\tempFile.txt");
}
catch (FileNotFoundException) {
Console.WriteLine(@"This example requires a file named C:\temp\tempFile.txt.");
return;
}
// Add the file contents to a generic list of strings.
List<string> fileContents = new List<string>();
while (!sr.EndOfStream) {
fileContents.Add(sr.ReadLine());
}
// Check for the string.
var stringsFound =
from line in fileContents
where line.Contains("string to search for")
select line;
sr.Close();
Console.WriteLine("Found: " + stringsFound.Count());
// Check the memory after when the iterator is not used, and output it to the console.
long memoryAfter = GC.GetTotalMemory(false);
Console.WriteLine("Memory Used Without Iterator = \t" +
string.Format(((memoryAfter - memoryBefore) / 1000).ToString(), "n") + "kb");
}
}
// A custom class that implements IEnumerable(T). When you implement IEnumerable(T),
// you must also implement IEnumerable and IEnumerator(T).
public class StreamReaderEnumerable : IEnumerable<string>
{
private string _filePath;
public StreamReaderEnumerable(string filePath)
{
_filePath = filePath;
}
// Must implement GetEnumerator, which returns a new StreamReaderEnumerator.
public IEnumerator<string> GetEnumerator()
{
return new StreamReaderEnumerator(_filePath);
}
// Must also implement IEnumerable.GetEnumerator, but implement as a private method.
private IEnumerator GetEnumerator1()
{
return this.GetEnumerator();
}
IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
{
return GetEnumerator1();
}
}
// When you implement IEnumerable(T), you must also implement IEnumerator(T),
// which will walk through the contents of the file one line at a time.
// Implementing IEnumerator(T) requires that you implement IEnumerator and IDisposable.
public class StreamReaderEnumerator : IEnumerator<string>
{
private StreamReader _sr;
public StreamReaderEnumerator(string filePath)
{
_sr = new StreamReader(filePath);
}
private string _current;
// Implement the IEnumerator(T).Current publicly, but implement
// IEnumerator.Current, which is also required, privately.
public string Current
{
get
{
if (_sr == null || _current == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException();
}
return _current;
}
}
private object Current1
{
get { return this.Current; }
}
object IEnumerator.Current
{
get { return Current1; }
}
// Implement MoveNext and Reset, which are required by IEnumerator.
public bool MoveNext()
{
_current = _sr.ReadLine();
if (_current == null)
return false;
return true;
}
public void Reset()
{
_sr.DiscardBufferedData();
_sr.BaseStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
_current = null;
}
// Implement IDisposable, which is also implemented by IEnumerator(T).
private bool disposedValue = false;
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (!this.disposedValue)
{
if (disposing)
{
// Dispose of managed resources.
}
_current = null;
if (_sr != null) {
_sr.Close();
_sr.Dispose();
}
}
this.disposedValue = true;
}
~StreamReaderEnumerator()
{
Dispose(false);
}
}
// This example displays output similar to the following:
// Found: 2
// Memory Used With Iterator = 33kb
// ---
// Found: 2
// Memory Used Without Iterator = 206kb
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Collections
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Linq
Public Module App
' Excercise the Iterator and show that it's more performant.
Public Sub Main()
TestStreamReaderEnumerable()
Console.WriteLine("---")
TestReadingFile()
End Sub
Public Sub TestStreamReaderEnumerable()
' Check the memory before the iterator is used.
Dim memoryBefore As Long = GC.GetTotalMemory(true)
Dim stringsFound As IEnumerable(Of String)
' Open a file with the StreamReaderEnumerable and check for a string.
Try
stringsFound =
from line in new StreamReaderEnumerable("c:\temp\tempFile.txt")
where line.Contains("string to search for")
select line
Console.WriteLine("Found: {0}", stringsFound.Count())
Catch e As FileNotFoundException
Console.WriteLine("This example requires a file named C:\temp\tempFile.txt.")
Return
End Try
' Check the memory after the iterator and output it to the console.
Dim memoryAfter As Long = GC.GetTotalMemory(false)
Console.WriteLine("Memory Used with Iterator = {1}{0} kb",
(memoryAfter - memoryBefore)\1000, vbTab)
End Sub
Public Sub TestReadingFile()
Dim memoryBefore As Long = GC.GetTotalMemory(true)
Dim sr As StreamReader
Try
sr = File.OpenText("c:\temp\tempFile.txt")
Catch e As FileNotFoundException
Console.WriteLine("This example requires a file named C:\temp\tempFile.txt.")
Return
End Try
' Add the file contents to a generic list of strings.
Dim fileContents As New List(Of String)()
Do While Not sr.EndOfStream
fileContents.Add(sr.ReadLine())
Loop
' Check for the string.
Dim stringsFound =
from line in fileContents
where line.Contains("string to search for")
select line
sr.Close()
Console.WriteLine("Found: {0}", stringsFound.Count())
' Check the memory after when the iterator is not used, and output it to the console.
Dim memoryAfter As Long = GC.GetTotalMemory(False)
Console.WriteLine("Memory Used without Iterator = {1}{0} kb",
(memoryAfter - memoryBefore)\1000, vbTab)
End Sub
End Module
' A custom class that implements IEnumerable(T). When you implement IEnumerable(T),
' you must also implement IEnumerable and IEnumerator(T).
Public Class StreamReaderEnumerable : Implements IEnumerable(Of String)
Private _filePath As String
Public Sub New(filePath As String)
_filePath = filePath
End Sub
' Must implement GetEnumerator, which returns a new StreamReaderEnumerator.
Public Function GetEnumerator() As IEnumerator(Of String) _
Implements IEnumerable(Of String).GetEnumerator
Return New StreamReaderEnumerator(_filePath)
End Function
' Must also implement IEnumerable.GetEnumerator, but implement as a private method.
Private Function GetEnumerator1() As IEnumerator _
Implements IEnumerable.GetEnumerator
Return Me.GetEnumerator()
End Function
End Class
' When you implement IEnumerable(T), you must also implement IEnumerator(T),
' which will walk through the contents of the file one line at a time.
' Implementing IEnumerator(T) requires that you implement IEnumerator and IDisposable.
Public Class StreamReaderEnumerator : Implements IEnumerator(Of String)
Private _sr As StreamReader
Public Sub New(filePath As String)
_sr = New StreamReader(filePath)
End Sub
Private _current As String
' Implement the IEnumerator(T).Current Publicly, but implement
' IEnumerator.Current, which is also required, privately.
Public ReadOnly Property Current As String _
Implements IEnumerator(Of String).Current
Get
If _sr Is Nothing OrElse _current Is Nothing
Throw New InvalidOperationException()
End If
Return _current
End Get
End Property
Private ReadOnly Property Current1 As Object _
Implements IEnumerator.Current
Get
Return Me.Current
End Get
End Property
' Implement MoveNext and Reset, which are required by IEnumerator.
Public Function MoveNext() As Boolean _
Implements IEnumerator.MoveNext
_current = _sr.ReadLine()
if _current Is Nothing Then Return False
Return True
End Function
Public Sub Reset() _
Implements IEnumerator.Reset
_sr.DiscardBufferedData()
_sr.BaseStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin)
_current = Nothing
End Sub
' Implement IDisposable, which is also implemented by IEnumerator(T).
Private disposedValue As Boolean = False
Public Sub Dispose() _
Implements IDisposable.Dispose
Dispose(True)
GC.SuppressFinalize(Me)
End Sub
Protected Overridable Sub Dispose(disposing As Boolean)
If Not Me.disposedValue Then
If disposing Then
' Dispose of managed resources.
End If
_current = Nothing
If _sr IsNot Nothing Then
_sr.Close()
_sr.Dispose()
End If
End If
Me.disposedValue = True
End Sub
Protected Overrides Sub Finalize()
Dispose(False)
End Sub
End Class
' This example displays output similar to the following:
' Found: 2
' Memory Used With Iterator = 33kb
' ---
' Found: 2
' Memory Used Without Iterator = 206kb
Para ver otro ejemplo de C# que muestra cómo implementar la IEnumerable<T> interfaz, vea el ejemplo de genéricos.For another C# example that demonstrates how to implement the IEnumerable<T> interface, see the Generics Sample. Este ejemplo utiliza la yield palabra clave en lugar de implementar IEnumerator<T> .This sample uses of the yield keyword instead of implementing IEnumerator<T>.
Comentarios
El devuelto IEnumerator<T> proporciona la capacidad de recorrer en iteración la colección mediante la exposición de una Current propiedad. Puede utilizar los enumeradores para leer los datos de una colección, pero no para modificar la colección.The returned IEnumerator<T> provides the ability to iterate through the collection by exposing a Current property .You can use enumerators to read the data in a collection, but not to modify the collection.
En principio, el enumerador se coloca antes del primer elemento de la colección.Initially, the enumerator is positioned before the first element in the collection. En esta posición, el valor de propiedad Current está sin definir.At this position, Current is undefined. Por lo tanto, debe llamar al MoveNext método para avanzar el enumerador hasta el primer elemento de la colección antes de leer el valor de Current .Therefore, you must call the MoveNext method to advance the enumerator to the first element of the collection before reading the value of Current.
Current Devuelve el mismo objeto hasta que MoveNext se llama de nuevo a como MoveNext establece Current en el elemento siguiente.Current returns the same object until MoveNext is called again as MoveNext sets Current to the next element.
Si MoveNext pasa el final de la colección, el enumerador se coloca detrás del último elemento de la colección y MoveNext devuelve false .If MoveNext passes the end of the collection, the enumerator is positioned after the last element in the collection and MoveNext returns false. Cuando el enumerador está en esta posición, las llamadas subsiguientes a MoveNext también devuelven false .When the enumerator is at this position, subsequent calls to MoveNext also return false. Si la última llamada a MoveNext devolvió false , Current no está definida.If the last call to MoveNext returned false, Current is undefined. No puede volver a establecer la propiedad Current en el primer elemento de la colección, sino que debe crear una nueva instancia del enumerador.You cannot set Current to the first element of the collection again; you must create a new enumerator instance instead.
Si se realizan cambios en la colección, como agregar, modificar o eliminar elementos, el comportamiento del enumerador es indefinido.If changes are made to the collection, such as adding, modifying, or deleting elements, the behavior of the enumerator is undefined.
Un enumerador no tiene acceso exclusivo a la colección, por lo que un enumerador sigue siendo válido mientras la colección permanezca sin cambios.An enumerator does not have exclusive access to the collection so an enumerator remains valid as long as the collection remains unchanged. Si se realizan cambios en la colección, como agregar, modificar o eliminar elementos, el enumerador queda invalidado y puede obtener resultados inesperados.If changes are made to the collection, such as adding, modifying, or deleting elements, the enumerator is invalidated and you may get unexpected results. Además, la enumeración de una colección no es un procedimiento seguro para subprocesos.Also, enumerating a collection is not a thread-safe procedure. Para garantizar la seguridad para subprocesos, debe bloquear la colección durante el enumerador o implementar la sincronización en la colección.To guarantee thread-safety, you should lock the collection during enumerator or implement synchronization on the collection.
Las implementaciones predeterminadas de las colecciones del System.Collections.Generic espacio de nombres no están sincronizadas.Default implementations of collections in the System.Collections.Generic namespace aren't synchronized.