Tutorial: Crear un host de plantillas de texto personalizadas

  • Artículo

Un host de plantillas de texto proporciona un entorno que permite que se ejecute el motor de transformación de plantillas de texto. El host es responsable de administrar la interacción del motor con el sistema de archivos. El motor o el procesador de directivas que necesita un archivo o un ensamblado puede solicitar un recurso al host. Este puede entonces buscar en los directorios y en la memoria caché global de ensamblados el recurso solicitado. Para obtener más información, consulte El proceso de transformación plantilla de texto.

Puede escribir un host personalizado si desea utilizar la funcionalidad de transformación de plantillas de texto desde fuera de Visual Studio o si desea integrar dicha funcionalidad en herramientas personalizadas. Para crear un host personalizado, debe crear una clase que herede de ITextTemplatingEngineHost. Para obtener la documentación de los métodos individuales, consulte ITextTemplatingEngineHost.

Advertencia

Si va a escribir una extensión o paquete de Visual Studio, considere la posibilidad de usar el servicio de plantillas de texto en lugar de crear su propio host. Para obtener más información, consulte Invocación de transformación de texto en una extensión de VS.

En este tutorial se muestran las tareas siguientes:

  • Crear un host de plantilla de texto personalizado.

  • Probar el host personalizado.

Prerrequisitos

Para completar este tutorial, hay que disponer de lo siguiente:

  • Visual Studio

  • Visual Studio SDK

Creación de un host de plantilla de texto personalizado

En este tutorial, creará un host personalizado en una aplicación ejecutable a la que se puede llamar desde la línea de comandos. La aplicación acepta un archivo de plantilla de texto como argumento, lee la plantilla, llama al motor para transformar la plantilla y muestra cualquier error que se produzca en la ventana del símbolo del sistema.

  1. En Visual Studio, cree una nueva aplicación de consola de Visual Basic o C# con el nombre CustomHost.

  2. Agregue referencias a los siguientes ensamblados:

    • Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.*.0

    • Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.Interfaces.10.0 y versiones posteriores

  3. Reemplace el código del archivo Program.cs o Module1.vb con el siguiente código:

    using System;
using System.IO;
using System.CodeDom.Compiler;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating;

namespace CustomHost
{
    //The text template transformation engine is responsible for running
    //the transformation process.
    //The host is responsible for all input and output, locating files,
    //and anything else related to the external environment.
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
    class CustomCmdLineHost : ITextTemplatingEngineHost
    {
        //the path and file name of the text template that is being processed
        //---------------------------------------------------------------------
        internal string TemplateFileValue;
        public string TemplateFile
        {
            get { return TemplateFileValue; }
        }
        //This will be the extension of the generated text output file.
        //The host can provide a default by setting the value of the field here.
        //The engine can change this value based on the optional output directive
        //if the user specifies it in the text template.
        //---------------------------------------------------------------------
        private string fileExtensionValue = ".txt";
        public string FileExtension
        {
            get { return fileExtensionValue; }
        }
        //This will be the encoding of the generated text output file.
        //The host can provide a default by setting the value of the field here.
        //The engine can change this value based on the optional output directive
        //if the user specifies it in the text template.
        //---------------------------------------------------------------------
        private Encoding fileEncodingValue = Encoding.UTF8;
        public Encoding FileEncoding
        {
            get { return fileEncodingValue; }
        }
        //These are the errors that occur when the engine processes a template.
        //The engine passes the errors to the host when it is done processing,
        //and the host can decide how to display them. For example, the host
        //can display the errors in the UI or write them to a file.
        //---------------------------------------------------------------------
        private CompilerErrorCollection errorsValue;
        public CompilerErrorCollection Errors
        {
            get { return errorsValue; }
        }
        //The host can provide standard assembly references.
        //The engine will use these references when compiling and
        //executing the generated transformation class.
        //--------------------------------------------------------------
        public IList<string> StandardAssemblyReferences
        {
            get
            {
                return new string[]
                {
                    //If this host searches standard paths and the GAC,
                    //we can specify the assembly name like this.
                    //---------------------------------------------------------
                    //"System"

                    //Because this host only resolves assemblies from the
                    //fully qualified path and name of the assembly,
                    //this is a quick way to get the code to give us the
                    //fully qualified path and name of the System assembly.
                    //---------------------------------------------------------
                    typeof(System.Uri).Assembly.Location
                };
            }
        }
        //The host can provide standard imports or using statements.
        //The engine will add these statements to the generated
        //transformation class.
        //--------------------------------------------------------------
        public IList<string> StandardImports
        {
            get
            {
                return new string[]
                {
                    "System"
                };
            }
        }
        //The engine calls this method based on the optional include directive
        //if the user has specified it in the text template.
        //This method can be called 0, 1, or more times.
        //---------------------------------------------------------------------
        //The included text is returned in the context parameter.
        //If the host searches the registry for the location of include files,
        //or if the host searches multiple locations by default, the host can
        //return the final path of the include file in the location parameter.
        //---------------------------------------------------------------------
        public bool LoadIncludeText(string requestFileName, out string content, out string location)
        {
            content = System.String.Empty;
            location = System.String.Empty;

            //If the argument is the fully qualified path of an existing file,
            //then we are done.
            //----------------------------------------------------------------
            if (File.Exists(requestFileName))
            {
                content = File.ReadAllText(requestFileName);
                return true;
            }
            //This can be customized to search specific paths for the file.
            //This can be customized to accept paths to search as command line
            //arguments.
            //----------------------------------------------------------------
            else
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        //Called by the Engine to enquire about
        //the processing options you require.
        //If you recognize that option, return an
        //appropriate value.
        //Otherwise, pass back NULL.
        //--------------------------------------------------------------------
        public object GetHostOption(string optionName)
        {
        object returnObject;
        switch (optionName)
        {
        case "CacheAssemblies":
                    returnObject = true;
     break;
        default:
        returnObject = null;
        break;
        }
        return returnObject;
        }
        //The engine calls this method to resolve assembly references used in
        //the generated transformation class project and for the optional
        //assembly directive if the user has specified it in the text template.
        //This method can be called 0, 1, or more times.
        //---------------------------------------------------------------------
        public string ResolveAssemblyReference(string assemblyReference)
        {
            //If the argument is the fully qualified path of an existing file,
            //then we are done. (This does not do any work.)
            //----------------------------------------------------------------
            if (File.Exists(assemblyReference))
            {
                return assemblyReference;
            }
            //Maybe the assembly is in the same folder as the text template that
            //called the directive.
            //----------------------------------------------------------------
            string candidate = Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(this.TemplateFile), assemblyReference);
            if (File.Exists(candidate))
            {
                return candidate;
            }
            //This can be customized to search specific paths for the file
            //or to search the GAC.
            //----------------------------------------------------------------
            //This can be customized to accept paths to search as command line
            //arguments.
            //----------------------------------------------------------------
            //If we cannot do better, return the original file name.
            return "";
        }
        //The engine calls this method based on the directives the user has
        //specified in the text template.
        //This method can be called 0, 1, or more times.
        //---------------------------------------------------------------------
        public Type ResolveDirectiveProcessor(string processorName)
        {
            //This host will not resolve any specific processors.
            //Check the processor name, and if it is the name of a processor the
            //host wants to support, return the type of the processor.
            //---------------------------------------------------------------------
            if (string.Compare(processorName, "XYZ", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) == 0)
            {
                //return typeof();
            }
            //This can be customized to search specific paths for the file
            //or to search the GAC
            //If the directive processor cannot be found, throw an error.
            throw new Exception("Directive Processor not found");
        }
        //A directive processor can call this method if a file name does not
        //have a path.
        //The host can attempt to provide path information by searching
        //specific paths for the file and returning the file and path if found.
        //This method can be called 0, 1, or more times.
        //---------------------------------------------------------------------
        public string ResolvePath(string fileName)
        {
            if (fileName == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("the file name cannot be null");
            }
            //If the argument is the fully qualified path of an existing file,
            //then we are done
            //----------------------------------------------------------------
            if (File.Exists(fileName))
            {
                return fileName;
            }
            //Maybe the file is in the same folder as the text template that
            //called the directive.
            //----------------------------------------------------------------
            string candidate = Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(this.TemplateFile), fileName);
            if (File.Exists(candidate))
            {
                return candidate;
            }
            //Look more places.
            //----------------------------------------------------------------
            //More code can go here...
            //If we cannot do better, return the original file name.
            return fileName;
        }
        //If a call to a directive in a text template does not provide a value
        //for a required parameter, the directive processor can try to get it
        //from the host by calling this method.
        //This method can be called 0, 1, or more times.
        //---------------------------------------------------------------------
        public string ResolveParameterValue(string directiveId, string processorName, string parameterName)
        {
            if (directiveId == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("the directiveId cannot be null");
            }
            if (processorName == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("the processorName cannot be null");
            }
            if (parameterName == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("the parameterName cannot be null");
            }
            //Code to provide "hard-coded" parameter values goes here.
            //This code depends on the directive processors this host will interact with.
            //If we cannot do better, return the empty string.
            return String.Empty;
        }
        //The engine calls this method to change the extension of the
        //generated text output file based on the optional output directive
        //if the user specifies it in the text template.
        //---------------------------------------------------------------------
        public void SetFileExtension(string extension)
        {
            //The parameter extension has a '.' in front of it already.
            //--------------------------------------------------------
            fileExtensionValue = extension;
        }
        //The engine calls this method to change the encoding of the
        //generated text output file based on the optional output directive
        //if the user specifies it in the text template.
        //----------------------------------------------------------------------
        public void SetOutputEncoding(System.Text.Encoding encoding, bool fromOutputDirective)
        {
            fileEncodingValue = encoding;
        }
        //The engine calls this method when it is done processing a text
        //template to pass any errors that occurred to the host.
        //The host can decide how to display them.
        //---------------------------------------------------------------------
        public void LogErrors(CompilerErrorCollection errors)
        {
            errorsValue = errors;
        }
        //This is the application domain that is used to compile and run
        //the generated transformation class to create the generated text output.
        //----------------------------------------------------------------------
        public AppDomain ProvideTemplatingAppDomain(string content)
        {
            //This host will provide a new application domain each time the
            //engine processes a text template.
            //-------------------------------------------------------------
            return AppDomain.CreateDomain("Generation App Domain");
            //This could be changed to return the current appdomain, but new
            //assemblies are loaded into this AppDomain on a regular basis.
            //If the AppDomain lasts too long, it will grow indefinitely,
            //which might be regarded as a leak.
            //This could be customized to cache the application domain for
            //a certain number of text template generations (for example, 10).
            //This could be customized based on the contents of the text
            //template, which are provided as a parameter for that purpose.
        }
    }
    //This will accept the path of a text template as an argument.
    //It will create an instance of the custom host and an instance of the
    //text templating transformation engine, and will transform the
    //template to create the generated text output file.
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                ProcessTemplate(args);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
        }
        static void ProcessTemplate(string[] args)
        {
            string templateFileName = null;
            if (args.Length == 0)
            {
                throw new System.Exception("you must provide a text template file path");
            }
            templateFileName = args[0];
            if (templateFileName == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("the file name cannot be null");
            }
            if (!File.Exists(templateFileName))
            {
                throw new FileNotFoundException("the file cannot be found");
            }
            CustomCmdLineHost host = new CustomCmdLineHost();
            Engine engine = new Engine();
            host.TemplateFileValue = templateFileName;
            //Read the text template.
            string input = File.ReadAllText(templateFileName);
            //Transform the text template.
            string output = engine.ProcessTemplate(input, host);
            string outputFileName = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(templateFileName);
            outputFileName = Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(templateFileName), outputFileName);
            outputFileName = outputFileName + "1" + host.FileExtension;
            File.WriteAllText(outputFileName, output, host.FileEncoding);

            foreach (CompilerError error in host.Errors)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(error.ToString());
            }
        }
    }
}

  4. Solo para Visual Basic, abra el menú Proyecto y haga clic en Propiedades de host personalizado. En la lista Objeto de inicio, haga clic en CustomHost.Program.

  5. En el menú Archivo , haga clic en Guardar todo.

  6. En el menú Compilar, haga clic en Compilar solución.

Probar el host personalizado

Para probar el host personalizado, escriba una plantilla de texto, ejecute el host personalizado, pásele el nombre de la plantilla de texto y compruebe que la plantilla se transforma.

Para crear una plantilla de texto para probar el host personalizado

  1. Cree un archivo de texto y nómbrelo TestTemplate.tt.

    Puede usar cualquier editor de texto (por ejemplo, Bloc de notas) para crear el archivo.

  2. Agregue lo siguiente al archivo:

    Nota

    El lenguaje de programación de la plantilla de texto no tiene que coincidir con el lenguaje del host personalizado.

    Text Template Host Test

<#@ template debug="true" #>

<# //Uncomment this line to test that the host allows the engine to set the extension. #>
<# //@ output extension=".htm" #>

<# //Uncomment this line if you want to debug the generated transformation class. #>
<# //System.Diagnostics.Debugger.Break(); #>

<# for (int i=0; i<3; i++)
   {
       WriteLine("This is a test");
   }
#>

  3. Guarde y cierre el archivo.

Para probar el host personalizado

  1. Abra la ventana de símbolo del sistema.

  2. Escriba la ruta de acceso del archivo ejecutable del host personalizado, pero no presione ENTRAR todavía.

    Por ejemplo, escriba:

    <YOUR PATH>CustomHost\bin\Debug\CustomHost.exe

    Nota

    En lugar de escribir la dirección, puede ir al archivo CustomHost.exe en el Explorador de Windows y arrastrarlo a la ventana del símbolo del sistema.

  3. Escriba un espacio.

  4. Escriba la ruta de acceso del archivo de plantilla de texto y, a continuación, presione ENTRAR.

    Por ejemplo, escriba:

    C:\<YOUR PATH>TestTemplate.tt

    Nota

    En lugar de escribir la dirección, puede ir al archivo TestTemplate.tt en el Explorador de Windows y arrastrarlo a la ventana del símbolo del sistema.

    La aplicación host personalizada se ejecuta y completa el proceso de transformación de la plantilla de texto.

  5. En el Explorador de Windows, vaya a la carpeta que contiene el archivo TestTemplate.tt.

    Esta carpeta también contiene el archivo TestTemplate1.txt.

  6. Abra este archivo para ver el resultados de la transformación de la plantilla de texto.

    Aparece el texto de salida generado, con el siguiente aspecto:

    Text Template Host Test

This is a test
This is a test
This is a test

Pasos siguientes

En este tutorial, creó un host de transformación de plantillas de texto que admite la funcionalidad de transformación básica. Puede expandir el host para admitir plantillas de texto que llamen a procesadores de directivas personalizados o generados. Para obtener más información, consulte Tutorial: Conexión de un host a un procesador de directivas generado.

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