Array.FindAll<T>(T[], Predicate<T>) Method
Definition
Important
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Retrieves all the elements that match the conditions defined by the specified predicate.
public:
generic <typename T>
static cli::array <T> ^ FindAll(cli::array <T> ^ array, Predicate<T> ^ match);public static T[] FindAll<T> (T[] array, Predicate<T> match);static member FindAll : 'T[] * Predicate<'T> -> 'T[]Public Shared Function FindAll(Of T) (array As T(), match As Predicate(Of T)) As T()Type Parameters
- T
The type of the elements of the array.
Parameters
- array
- T[]
The one-dimensional, zero-based Array to search.
- match
- Predicate<T>
The Predicate<T> that defines the conditions of the elements to search for.
Returns
T[]
An Array containing all the elements that match the conditions defined by the specified predicate, if found; otherwise, an empty Array.
Exceptions
Examples
The following example creates an array of 50 random numbers with values that can range from 0 to 1,000. It then calls the FindAll method with a lambda expression that returns the values that range from 300 to 600. Note that the lambda expression is passed a parameter named x; this represents the individual array member that is passed to the Predicate<T>. Also note that the local lBound and uBound variables are accessible within the lambda expression.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class Example
{
public static void Main()
{
// Get an array of n random integers.
int[] values = GetArray(50, 0, 1000);
int lBound = 300;
int uBound = 600;
int[] matchedItems = Array.FindAll(values, x =>
x >= lBound && x <= uBound);
for (int ctr = 0; ctr < matchedItems.Length; ctr++) {
Console.Write("{0} ", matchedItems[ctr]);
if ((ctr + 1) % 12 == 0)
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
private static int[] GetArray(int n, int lower, int upper)
{
Random rnd = new Random();
List<int> list = new List<int>();
for (int ctr = 1; ctr <= n; ctr++)
list.Add(rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1));
return list.ToArray();
}
}
// The example displays output similar to the following:
// 542 398 356 351 348 301 562 599 575 400 569 306
// 535 416 393 385
open System
let getArray n lower upper =
let rnd = Random()
[| for _ = 1 to n do
rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1) |]
// Get an array of n random integers.
let values = getArray 50 0 1000
let lBound = 300
let uBound = 600
let matchedItems = Array.FindAll(values, fun x -> x >= lBound && x <= uBound)
for i = 0 to matchedItems.Length - 1 do
printf $"{matchedItems[i]} "
if (i + 1) % 12 = 0 then printfn ""
// The example displays output similar to the following:
// 542 398 356 351 348 301 562 599 575 400 569 306
// 535 416 393 385
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Module Example
Public Sub Main()
' Get an array of n random integers.
Dim values() As Integer = GetArray(50, 0, 1000)
Dim lBound As Integer = 300
Dim uBound As Integer = 600
Dim matchedItems() As Integer = Array.FindAll(values,
Function(x) x >= lBound And x <= uBound)
For ctr As Integer = 0 To matchedItems.Length - 1
Console.Write("{0} ", matchedItems(ctr))
If (ctr + 1) Mod 12 = 0 Then Console.WriteLine()
Next
End Sub
Private Function GetArray(n As Integer, lower As Integer,
upper As Integer) As Integer()
Dim rnd As New Random()
Dim list As New List(Of Integer)
For ctr As Integer = 1 To n
list.Add(rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1))
Next
Return list.ToArray()
End Function
End Module
' The example displays output similar to the following:
' 542 398 356 351 348 301 562 599 575 400 569 306
' 535 416 393 385
The following code example demonstrates the Find, FindLast, and FindAll generic methods. An array of strings is created, containing 8 dinosaur names, two of which (at positions 1 and 5) end with "saurus". The code example also defines a search predicate method named EndsWithSaurus, which accepts a string parameter and returns a Boolean value indicating whether the input string ends in "saurus".
The Find generic method traverses the array from the beginning, passing each element in turn to the EndsWithSaurus method. The search stops when the EndsWithSaurus method returns true for the element "Amargasaurus".
Note
In C#, F#, and Visual Basic, it is not necessary to create the Predicate<string> delegate (Predicate(Of String) in Visual Basic) explicitly. These languages infer the correct delegate from context and create it automatically.
The FindLast generic method is used to search the array backward from the end. It finds the element "Dilophosaurus" at position 5. The FindAll generic method is used to return an array containing all the elements that end in "saurus". The elements are displayed.
The code example also demonstrates the Exists and TrueForAll generic methods.
using namespace System;
public ref class DinoDiscoverySet
{
public:
static void Main()
{
array<String^>^ dinosaurs =
{
"Compsognathus", "Amargasaurus", "Oviraptor",
"Velociraptor", "Deinonychus", "Dilophosaurus",
"Gallimimus", "Triceratops"
};
DinoDiscoverySet^ GoMesozoic = gcnew DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs);
GoMesozoic->DiscoverAll();
GoMesozoic->DiscoverByEnding("saurus");
}
DinoDiscoverySet(array<String^>^ items)
{
dinosaurs = items;
}
void DiscoverAll()
{
Console::WriteLine();
for each(String^ dinosaur in dinosaurs)
{
Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
}
}
void DiscoverByEnding(String^ Ending)
{
Predicate<String^>^ dinoType;
if (Ending->ToLower() == "raptor")
{
dinoType =
gcnew Predicate<String^>(&DinoDiscoverySet::EndsWithRaptor);
}
else if (Ending->ToLower() == "tops")
{
dinoType =
gcnew Predicate<String^>(&DinoDiscoverySet::EndsWithTops);
}
else if (Ending->ToLower() == "saurus")
{
dinoType =
gcnew Predicate<String^>(&DinoDiscoverySet::EndsWithSaurus);
}
else
{
dinoType =
gcnew Predicate<String^>(&DinoDiscoverySet::EndsWithSaurus);
}
Console::WriteLine(
"\nArray::Exists(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array::Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console::WriteLine(
"\nArray::TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array::TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console::WriteLine(
"\nArray::Find(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array::Find(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console::WriteLine(
"\nArray::FindLast(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array::FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console::WriteLine(
"\nArray::FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"):", Ending);
array<String^>^ subArray =
Array::FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType);
for each(String^ dinosaur in subArray)
{
Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
}
}
private:
array<String^>^ dinosaurs;
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
static bool EndsWithSaurus(String^ s)
{
if ((s->Length > 5) &&
(s->Substring(s->Length - 6)->ToLower() == "saurus"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
static bool EndsWithRaptor(String^ s)
{
if ((s->Length > 5) &&
(s->Substring(s->Length - 6)->ToLower() == "raptor"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
static bool EndsWithTops(String^ s)
{
if ((s->Length > 3) &&
(s->Substring(s->Length - 4)->ToLower() == "tops"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
};
int main()
{
DinoDiscoverySet::Main();
}
/* This code example produces the following output:
Compsognathus
Amargasaurus
Oviraptor
Velociraptor
Deinonychus
Dilophosaurus
Gallimimus
Triceratops
Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True
Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False
Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
Amargasaurus
Dilophosaurus
*/
using System;
public class DinoDiscoverySet
{
public static void Main()
{
string[] dinosaurs =
{
"Compsognathus", "Amargasaurus", "Oviraptor",
"Velociraptor", "Deinonychus", "Dilophosaurus",
"Gallimimus", "Triceratops"
};
DinoDiscoverySet GoMesozoic = new DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs);
GoMesozoic.DiscoverAll();
GoMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding("saurus");
}
private string[] dinosaurs;
public DinoDiscoverySet(string[] items)
{
dinosaurs = items;
}
public void DiscoverAll()
{
Console.WriteLine();
foreach(string dinosaur in dinosaurs)
{
Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
}
}
public void DiscoverByEnding(string Ending)
{
Predicate<string> dinoType;
switch (Ending.ToLower())
{
case "raptor":
dinoType = EndsWithRaptor;
break;
case "tops":
dinoType = EndsWithTops;
break;
case "saurus":
default:
dinoType = EndsWithSaurus;
break;
}
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.Exists(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array.Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.Find(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array.Find(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.FindLast(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"):", Ending);
string[] subArray =
Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType);
foreach(string dinosaur in subArray)
{
Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
}
}
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
private bool EndsWithSaurus(string s)
{
if ((s.Length > 5) &&
(s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() == "saurus"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
private bool EndsWithRaptor(String s)
{
if ((s.Length > 5) &&
(s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() == "raptor"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
private bool EndsWithTops(String s)
{
if ((s.Length > 3) &&
(s.Substring(s.Length - 4).ToLower() == "tops"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
/* This code example produces the following output:
Compsognathus
Amargasaurus
Oviraptor
Velociraptor
Deinonychus
Dilophosaurus
Gallimimus
Triceratops
Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True
Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False
Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
Amargasaurus
Dilophosaurus
*/
open System
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
let endsWithSaurus (s: string) =
s.Length > 5 && s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() = "saurus"
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
let endsWithRaptor (s: string) =
s.Length > 5 && s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() = "raptor"
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
let endsWithTops (s: string) =
s.Length > 3 && s.Substring(s.Length - 4).ToLower() = "tops"
type DinoDiscoverySet =
{ Dinosaurs: string [] }
member this.DiscoverAll() =
printfn ""
for dino in this.Dinosaurs do
printfn $"{dino}"
member this.DiscoverByEnding(ending: string) =
let dinoType =
match ending.ToLower() with
| "raptor" -> endsWithRaptor
| "tops" -> endsWithTops
| "saurus" | _ -> endsWithSaurus
Array.Exists(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
|> printfn "\nArray.Exists(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %b" ending
Array.TrueForAll(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
|> printfn "\nArray.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %b" ending
Array.Find(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
|> printfn "\nArray.Find(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %s" ending
Array.FindLast(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
|> printfn "\nArray.FindLast(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %s" ending
printfn $"\nArray.FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{ending}\"):"
for dinosaur in Array.FindAll(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType) do
printfn $"{dinosaur}"
let dinosaurs =
[| "Compsognathus"; "Amargasaurus"; "Oviraptor"
"Velociraptor"; "Deinonychus"; "Dilophosaurus"
"Gallimimus"; "Triceratops" |]
let goMesozoic = { Dinosaurs = dinosaurs }
goMesozoic.DiscoverAll()
goMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding "saurus"
// This code example produces the following output:
// Compsognathus
// Amargasaurus
// Oviraptor
// Velociraptor
// Deinonychus
// Dilophosaurus
// Gallimimus
// Triceratops
//
// Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): true
//
// Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): false
//
// Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
//
// Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
//
// Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
// Amargasaurus
// Dilophosaurus
Public Class DinoDiscoverySet
Public Shared Sub Main()
Dim dinosaurs() As String = { "Compsognathus", _
"Amargasaurus", "Oviraptor", "Velociraptor", _
"Deinonychus", "Dilophosaurus", "Gallimimus", _
"Triceratops" }
Dim GoMesozoic As New DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs)
GoMesozoic.DiscoverAll()
GoMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding("saurus")
End Sub
Private dinosaurs As String()
Public Sub New(items() As String)
dinosaurs = items
End Sub
Public Sub DiscoverAll()
Console.WriteLine()
For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
Next dinosaur
End Sub
Public Sub DiscoverByEnding(Ending As String)
Dim dinoType As Predicate(Of String)
Select Case Ending.ToLower()
Case "raptor"
dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithRaptor
Case "tops"
dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithTops
Case "saurus"
dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithSaurus
Case Else
dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithSaurus
End Select
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.Exists(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
Ending, _
Array.Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType))
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
Ending, _
Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType))
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.Find(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
Ending, _
Array.Find(dinosaurs, dinoType))
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
Ending, _
Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType))
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, ""{0}""):", Ending)
Dim subArray() As String = _
Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType)
For Each dinosaur As String In subArray
Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
Next dinosaur
End Sub
' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
Private Function EndsWithSaurus(s As String) As Boolean
' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
' expression if the string is so short that an error
' would occur.
If (s.Length > 5) AndAlso _
(s.ToLower().EndsWith("saurus")) Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
Private Function EndsWithRaptor(s As String) As Boolean
' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
' expression if the string is so short that an error
' would occur.
If (s.Length > 5) AndAlso _
(s.ToLower().EndsWith("raptor")) Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
Private Function EndsWithTops(s As String) As Boolean
' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
' expression if the string is so short that an error
' would occur.
If (s.Length > 3) AndAlso _
(s.ToLower().EndsWith("tops")) Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
End Class
' This code example produces the following output:
'
' Compsognathus
' Amargasaurus
' Oviraptor
' Velociraptor
' Deinonychus
' Dilophosaurus
' Gallimimus
' Triceratops
'
' Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True
'
' Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False
'
' Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
'
' Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
'
' Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
' Amargasaurus
' Dilophosaurus
Remarks
The Predicate<T> is a delegate to a method that returns true if the object passed to it matches the conditions defined in the delegate. The elements of array are individually passed to the Predicate<T>, and the elements that match the conditions are saved in the returned array.
This method is an O(n) operation, where n is the Length of array.
In F#, the Array.filter function may be used instead.
Applies to
See also
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