BindingFlags Enum
Definisi
Penting
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Menentukan bendera yang mengontrol pengikatan dan cara pencarian anggota dan jenis dilakukan oleh refleksi.
Enumerasi ini mendukung kombinasi bitwise dari nilai yang termasuk di dalamnya.
public enum class BindingFlags[System.Flags]
public enum BindingFlags[System.Flags]
[System.Serializable]
public enum BindingFlags[System.Flags]
[System.Serializable]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public enum BindingFlags[<System.Flags>]
type BindingFlags = [<System.Flags>]
[<System.Serializable>]
type BindingFlags = [<System.Flags>]
[<System.Serializable>]
[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type BindingFlags = Public Enum BindingFlags- Warisan
- Atribut
Bidang
| CreateInstance | 512 | Menentukan bahwa pantulan harus membuat instans dari jenis yang ditentukan. Memanggil konstruktor yang cocok dengan argumen yang diberikan. Nama anggota yang disediakan diabaikan. Jika jenis pencarian tidak ditentukan, (Instans | Publik) akan berlaku. Tidak dimungkinkan untuk memanggil penginisialisasi jenis. Bendera ini diteruskan ke |
| DeclaredOnly | 2 | Menentukan bahwa hanya anggota yang dinyatakan pada tingkat hierarki jenis yang disediakan yang harus dipertimbangkan. Anggota yang diwariskan tidak dipertimbangkan. |
| Default | 0 | Menentukan bahwa tidak ada bendera pengikatan yang ditentukan. |
| DoNotWrapExceptions | 33554432 | |
| ExactBinding | 65536 | Menentukan bahwa jenis argumen yang disediakan harus sama persis dengan jenis parameter formal yang sesuai. Pantulan memberikan pengecualian jika penelepon memasok objek non-null |
| FlattenHierarchy | 64 | Menentukan bahwa anggota statis publik dan terlindungi hingga hierarki harus dikembalikan. Anggota statis privat di kelas yang diwariskan tidak dikembalikan. Anggota statis mencakup bidang, metode, peristiwa, dan properti. Jenis berlapis tidak dikembalikan. |
| GetField | 1024 | Menentukan bahwa nilai bidang yang ditentukan harus dikembalikan. Bendera ini diteruskan ke |
| GetProperty | 4096 | Menentukan bahwa nilai properti yang ditentukan harus dikembalikan. Bendera ini diteruskan ke |
| IgnoreCase | 1 | Menentukan bahwa kasus nama anggota tidak boleh dipertimbangkan saat mengikat. |
| IgnoreReturn | 16777216 | Digunakan dalam interop COM untuk menentukan bahwa nilai pengembalian anggota dapat diabaikan. |
| Instance | 4 | Menentukan bahwa anggota instans akan disertakan dalam pencarian. |
| InvokeMethod | 256 | Menentukan bahwa metode akan dipanggil. Ini tidak boleh menjadi konstruktor atau penginisialisasi tipe. Bendera ini diteruskan ke |
| NonPublic | 32 | Menentukan bahwa anggota non-publik akan disertakan dalam pencarian. |
| OptionalParamBinding | 262144 | Mengembalikan kumpulan anggota yang jumlah parameternya cocok dengan jumlah argumen yang disediakan. Bendera pengikatan ini digunakan untuk metode dengan parameter yang memiliki nilai dan metode default dengan argumen variabel (vararg). Bendera ini hanya boleh digunakan dengan InvokeMember(String, BindingFlags, Binder, Object, Object[], ParameterModifier[], CultureInfo, String[]). |
| Public | 16 | Menentukan bahwa anggota publik akan disertakan dalam pencarian. |
| PutDispProperty | 16384 | Menentukan bahwa |
| PutRefDispProperty | 32768 | Menentukan bahwa |
| SetField | 2048 | Menentukan bahwa nilai bidang yang ditentukan harus ditetapkan. Bendera ini diteruskan ke |
| SetProperty | 8192 | Menentukan bahwa nilai properti yang ditentukan harus ditetapkan. Untuk properti COM, menentukan bendera pengikatan ini setara dengan menentukan Bendera ini diteruskan ke |
| Static | 8 | Menentukan bahwa anggota statis akan disertakan dalam pencarian. |
| SuppressChangeType | 131072 | Tidak diterapkan. |
Contoh
Contoh berikut menunjukkan banyak bendera pengikatan.
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;
using namespace System::Reflection;
using namespace System::IO;
//namespace BindingFlagsSnippet {
public ref class TestClass
{
public:
String^ Name;
private:
array<Object^>^ values;
int methodCalled;
public:
property Object^ Item [int]
{
Object^ get( int index )
{
return values[ index ];
}
void set( int index, Object^ value )
{
values[ index ] = value;
}
}
property Object^ Value
{
Object^ get()
{
return "the value";
}
}
TestClass()
{
Name = "initialName";
values = gcnew array<Object^> {(int^)0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
methodCalled = 0;
}
TestClass(String^ initName)
{
Name = initName;
values = gcnew array<Object^> {(int^)0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
methodCalled = 0;
}
static void SayHello()
{
Console::WriteLine( "Hello" );
}
void AddUp()
{
methodCalled++;
Console::WriteLine( "AddUp Called {0} times", methodCalled );
}
static double ComputeSum( double d1, double d2 )
{
return d1 + d2;
}
static void PrintName( String^ firstName, String^ lastName )
{
Console::WriteLine( "{0},{1}", lastName, firstName );
}
void PrintTime()
{
Console::WriteLine( DateTime::Now );
}
void Swap( interior_ptr<int> a, interior_ptr<int> b )
{
int x = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = x;
}
};
[DefaultMemberAttribute("PrintTime")]
public ref class TestClass2
{
public:
void PrintTime()
{
Console::WriteLine( DateTime::Now );
}
};
public ref class Base
{
private:
static int BaseOnlyPrivate = 0;
protected:
static int BaseOnly = 0;
};
public ref class Derived : Base
{
public:
static int DerivedOnly = 0;
};
public ref class MostDerived : Derived {};
void main()
{
array<Object^>^ noArguments;
// BindingFlags::InvokeMethod
// Call a static method.
Type^ t = TestClass::typeid;
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "Invoking a static method." );
Console::WriteLine( "-------------------------" );
t->InvokeMember( "SayHello", BindingFlags::InvokeMethod | BindingFlags::Public | BindingFlags::Static,
nullptr, nullptr, noArguments );
// BindingFlags::InvokeMethod
// Call an instance method.
TestClass^ c = gcnew TestClass;
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "Invoking an instance method." );
Console::WriteLine( "----------------------------" );
c->GetType()->InvokeMember( "AddUp", BindingFlags::InvokeMethod, nullptr, c, noArguments );
c->GetType()->InvokeMember( "AddUp", BindingFlags::InvokeMethod, nullptr, c, noArguments );
// BindingFlags::InvokeMethod
// Call a method with parameters.
array<Object^>^args = {100.09,184.45};
Object^ result;
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "Invoking a method with parameters." );
Console::WriteLine( "---------------------------------" );
result = t->InvokeMember( "ComputeSum", BindingFlags::InvokeMethod, nullptr, nullptr, args );
Console::WriteLine( " {0} + {1} = {2}", args[ 0 ], args[ 1 ], result );
// BindingFlags::GetField, SetField
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "Invoking a field (getting and setting.)" );
Console::WriteLine( "--------------------------------------" );
// Get a field value.
result = t->InvokeMember( "Name", BindingFlags::GetField, nullptr, c, noArguments );
Console::WriteLine( "Name == {0}", result );
// Set a field.
array<Object^>^obj2 = {"NewName"};
t->InvokeMember( "Name", BindingFlags::SetField, nullptr, c, obj2 );
result = t->InvokeMember( "Name", BindingFlags::GetField, nullptr, c, noArguments );
Console::WriteLine( "Name == {0}", result );
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "Invoking an indexed property (getting and setting.)" );
Console::WriteLine( "--------------------------------------------------" );
// BindingFlags::GetProperty
// Get an indexed property value.
int index = 3;
array<Object^>^obj3 = {index};
result = t->InvokeMember( "Item", BindingFlags::GetProperty, nullptr, c, obj3 );
Console::WriteLine( "Item->Item[ {0}] == {1}", index, result );
// BindingFlags::SetProperty
// Set an indexed property value.
index = 3;
array<Object^>^obj4 = {index,"NewValue"};
t->InvokeMember( "Item", BindingFlags::SetProperty, nullptr, c, obj4 );
result = t->InvokeMember( "Item", BindingFlags::GetProperty, nullptr, c, obj3 );
Console::WriteLine( "Item->Item[ {0}] == {1}", index, result );
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "Getting a field or property." );
Console::WriteLine( "----------------------------" );
// BindingFlags::GetField
// Get a field or property.
result = t->InvokeMember( "Name", static_cast<BindingFlags>(BindingFlags::GetField |
BindingFlags::GetProperty), nullptr, c, noArguments );
Console::WriteLine( "Name == {0}", result );
// BindingFlags::GetProperty
result = t->InvokeMember( "Value", static_cast<BindingFlags>(BindingFlags::GetField |
BindingFlags::GetProperty), nullptr, c, noArguments );
Console::WriteLine( "Value == {0}", result );
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "Invoking a method with named parameters." );
Console::WriteLine( "---------------------------------------" );
// BindingFlags::InvokeMethod
// Call a method using named parameters.
array<Object^>^argValues = {"Mouse","Micky"};
array<String^>^argNames = {"lastName","firstName"};
t->InvokeMember( "PrintName", BindingFlags::InvokeMethod, nullptr, nullptr, argValues, nullptr,
nullptr, argNames );
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "Invoking a default member of a type." );
Console::WriteLine( "------------------------------------" );
// BindingFlags::Default
// Call the default member of a type.
Type^ t3 = TestClass2::typeid;
t3->InvokeMember( "", static_cast<BindingFlags>(BindingFlags::InvokeMethod | BindingFlags::Default),
nullptr, gcnew TestClass2, noArguments );
// BindingFlags::Static, NonPublic, and Public
// Invoking a member with ref parameters.
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "Invoking a method with ref parameters." );
Console::WriteLine( "--------------------------------------" );
MethodInfo^ m = t->GetMethod( "Swap" );
args = gcnew array<Object^>(2);
args[ 0 ] = 1;
args[ 1 ] = 2;
m->Invoke( gcnew TestClass, args );
Console::WriteLine( "{0}, {1}", args[ 0 ], args[ 1 ] );
// BindingFlags::CreateInstance
// Creating an instance with a parameterless constructor.
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "Creating an instance with a parameterless constructor." );
Console::WriteLine( "------------------------------------------------------" );
Object^ obj = t->InvokeMember( "TestClass", static_cast<BindingFlags>(BindingFlags::Public |
BindingFlags::Instance | BindingFlags::CreateInstance), nullptr, nullptr, noArguments );
Console::WriteLine("Instance of {0} created.", obj->GetType()->Name);
// Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters.
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters." );
Console::WriteLine( "------------------------------------------------------------" );
obj = t->InvokeMember( "TestClass", static_cast<BindingFlags>(BindingFlags::Public |
BindingFlags::Instance | BindingFlags::CreateInstance), nullptr, nullptr,
gcnew array<Object^> { "Hello, World!" } );
Console::WriteLine("Instance of {0} created with initial value '{1}'.", obj->GetType()->Name,
obj->GetType()->InvokeMember("Name", BindingFlags::GetField, nullptr, obj, noArguments));
// BindingFlags::DeclaredOnly
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "DeclaredOnly instance members." );
Console::WriteLine( "------------------------------" );
array<System::Reflection::MemberInfo^>^memInfo = t->GetMembers( BindingFlags::DeclaredOnly |
BindingFlags::Instance | BindingFlags::Public);
for ( int i = 0; i < memInfo->Length; i++ )
{
Console::WriteLine( memInfo[ i ]->Name );
}
// BindingFlags::IgnoreCase
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "Using IgnoreCase and invoking the PrintName method." );
Console::WriteLine( "---------------------------------------------------" );
t->InvokeMember( "printname", static_cast<BindingFlags>(BindingFlags::IgnoreCase |
BindingFlags::Static | BindingFlags::Public | BindingFlags::InvokeMethod),
nullptr, nullptr, gcnew array<Object^> {"Brad","Smith"});
// BindingFlags::FlattenHierarchy
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "Using FlattenHierarchy to get inherited static protected and public members." );
Console::WriteLine( "----------------------------------------------------------------------------" );
array<FieldInfo^>^ finfos = MostDerived::typeid->GetFields(BindingFlags::NonPublic |
BindingFlags::Public | BindingFlags::Static | BindingFlags::FlattenHierarchy);
for each (FieldInfo^ finfo in finfos)
{
Console::WriteLine("{0} defined in {1}.", finfo->Name, finfo->DeclaringType->Name);
}
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine("Without FlattenHierarchy." );
Console::WriteLine("-------------------------");
finfos = MostDerived::typeid->GetFields(BindingFlags::NonPublic | BindingFlags::Public |
BindingFlags::Static);
for each (FieldInfo^ finfo in finfos)
{
Console::WriteLine("{0} defined in {1}.", finfo->Name, finfo->DeclaringType->Name);
}
};
/* This example produces output similar to the following:
Invoking a static method.
-------------------------
Hello
Invoking an instance method.
----------------------------
AddUp Called 1 times
AddUp Called 2 times
Invoking a method with parameters.
---------------------------------
100.09 + 184.45 = 284.54
Invoking a field (getting and setting.)
--------------------------------------
Name == initialName
Name == NewName
Invoking an indexed property (getting and setting.)
--------------------------------------------------
Item->Item[ 3] == 3
Item->Item[ 3] == NewValue
Getting a field or property.
----------------------------
Name == NewName
Value == the value
Invoking a method with named parameters.
---------------------------------------
Mouse,Micky
Invoking a default member of a type.
------------------------------------
12/23/2009 4:19:06 PM
Invoking a method with ref parameters.
--------------------------------------
2, 1
Creating an instance with a parameterless constructor.
------------------------------------------------------
Instance of TestClass created.
Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters.
------------------------------------------------------------
Instance of TestClass created with initial value 'Hello, World!'.
DeclaredOnly instance members.
------------------------------
get_Item
set_Item
get_Value
AddUp
PrintTime
Swap
.ctor
.ctor
Value
Item
Name
methodCalled
Using IgnoreCase and invoking the PrintName method.
---------------------------------------------------
Smith,Brad
Using FlattenHierarchy to get inherited static protected and public members.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
DerivedOnly defined in Derived.
BaseOnly defined in Base.
Without FlattenHierarchy.
-------------------------
*/
using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.IO;
namespace BindingFlagsSnippet
{
class Example
{
static void Main()
{
// BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
// Call a static method.
Type t = typeof (TestClass);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a static method.");
Console.WriteLine("-------------------------");
t.InvokeMember ("SayHello", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.Public |
BindingFlags.Static, null, null, new object [] {});
// BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
// Call an instance method.
TestClass c = new TestClass ();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking an instance method.");
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------");
c.GetType().InvokeMember ("AddUp", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, c, new object [] {});
c.GetType().InvokeMember ("AddUp", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, c, new object [] {});
// BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
// Call a method with parameters.
object [] args = new object [] {100.09, 184.45};
object result;
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method with parameters.");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------");
result = t.InvokeMember ("ComputeSum", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, null, args);
Console.WriteLine ("{0} + {1} = {2}", args[0], args[1], result);
// BindingFlags.GetField, SetField
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a field (getting and setting.)");
Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------");
// Get a field value.
result = t.InvokeMember ("Name", BindingFlags.GetField, null, c, new object [] {});
Console.WriteLine ("Name == {0}", result);
// Set a field.
t.InvokeMember ("Name", BindingFlags.SetField, null, c, new object [] {"NewName"});
result = t.InvokeMember ("Name", BindingFlags.GetField, null, c, new object [] {});
Console.WriteLine ("Name == {0}", result);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking an indexed property (getting and setting.)");
Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------------------");
// BindingFlags.GetProperty
// Get an indexed property value.
int index = 3;
result = t.InvokeMember ("Item", BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, c, new object [] {index});
Console.WriteLine ("Item[{0}] == {1}", index, result);
// BindingFlags.SetProperty
// Set an indexed property value.
index = 3;
t.InvokeMember ("Item", BindingFlags.SetProperty, null, c, new object [] {index, "NewValue"});
result = t.InvokeMember ("Item", BindingFlags.GetProperty , null, c, new object [] {index});
Console.WriteLine ("Item[{0}] == {1}", index, result);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Getting a field or property.");
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------");
// BindingFlags.GetField
// Get a field or property.
result = t.InvokeMember ("Name", BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, c,
new object [] {});
Console.WriteLine ("Name == {0}", result);
// BindingFlags.GetProperty
result = t.InvokeMember ("Value", BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, c,
new object [] {});
Console.WriteLine ("Value == {0}", result);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method with named parameters.");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------");
// BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
// Call a method using named parameters.
object[] argValues = new object [] {"Mouse", "Micky"};
String [] argNames = new String [] {"lastName", "firstName"};
t.InvokeMember ("PrintName", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, null, argValues, null, null,
argNames);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a default member of a type.");
Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------");
// BindingFlags.Default
// Call the default member of a type.
Type t3 = typeof (TestClass2);
t3.InvokeMember ("", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.Default, null, new TestClass2(),
new object [] {});
// BindingFlags.Static, NonPublic, and Public
// Invoking a member with ref parameters.
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method with ref parameters.");
Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------");
MethodInfo m = t.GetMethod("Swap");
args = new object[2];
args[0] = 1;
args[1] = 2;
m.Invoke(new TestClass(),args);
Console.WriteLine ("{0}, {1}", args[0], args[1]);
// BindingFlags.CreateInstance
// Creating an instance with a parameterless constructor.
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Creating an instance with a parameterless constructor.");
Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------");
object cobj = t.InvokeMember ("TestClass", BindingFlags.Public |
BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.CreateInstance,
null, null, new object [] {});
Console.WriteLine("Instance of {0} created.", cobj.GetType().Name);
// Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters.
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters.");
Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------");
cobj = t.InvokeMember ("TestClass", BindingFlags.Public |
BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.CreateInstance,
null, null, new object [] { "Hello, World!" });
Console.WriteLine("Instance of {0} created with initial value '{1}'.", cobj.GetType().Name,
cobj.GetType().InvokeMember("Name", BindingFlags.GetField, null, cobj, null));
// BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("DeclaredOnly instance members.");
Console.WriteLine("------------------------------");
System.Reflection.MemberInfo[] memInfo =
t.GetMembers(BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | BindingFlags.Instance |
BindingFlags.Public);
for(int i=0;i<memInfo.Length;i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(memInfo[i].Name);
}
// BindingFlags.IgnoreCase
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Using IgnoreCase and invoking the PrintName method.");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------");
t.InvokeMember("printname", BindingFlags.IgnoreCase | BindingFlags.Static |
BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, null, new object[]
{"Brad","Smith"});
// BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Using FlattenHierarchy to get inherited static protected and public members." );
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------------------------------------");
FieldInfo[] finfos = typeof(MostDerived).GetFields(BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public |
BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy);
foreach (FieldInfo finfo in finfos)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} defined in {1}.", finfo.Name, finfo.DeclaringType.Name);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Without FlattenHierarchy." );
Console.WriteLine("-------------------------");
finfos = typeof(MostDerived).GetFields(BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public |
BindingFlags.Static);
foreach (FieldInfo finfo in finfos)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} defined in {1}.", finfo.Name, finfo.DeclaringType.Name);
}
}
}
public class TestClass
{
public String Name;
private Object [] values = new Object [] {0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
public Object this [int index]
{
get
{
return values[index];
}
set
{
values[index] = value;
}
}
public Object Value
{
get
{
return "the value";
}
}
public TestClass () : this("initialName") {}
public TestClass (string initName)
{
Name = initName;
}
int methodCalled = 0;
public static void SayHello ()
{
Console.WriteLine ("Hello");
}
public void AddUp ()
{
methodCalled++;
Console.WriteLine ("AddUp Called {0} times", methodCalled);
}
public static double ComputeSum (double d1, double d2)
{
return d1 + d2;
}
public static void PrintName (String firstName, String lastName)
{
Console.WriteLine ("{0},{1}", lastName,firstName);
}
public void PrintTime ()
{
Console.WriteLine (DateTime.Now);
}
public void Swap(ref int a, ref int b)
{
int x = a;
a = b;
b = x;
}
}
[DefaultMemberAttribute ("PrintTime")]
public class TestClass2
{
public void PrintTime ()
{
Console.WriteLine (DateTime.Now);
}
}
public class Base
{
static int BaseOnlyPrivate = 0;
protected static int BaseOnly = 0;
}
public class Derived : Base
{
public static int DerivedOnly = 0;
}
public class MostDerived : Derived {}
}
/* This example produces output similar to the following:
Invoking a static method.
-------------------------
Hello
Invoking an instance method.
----------------------------
AddUp Called 1 times
AddUp Called 2 times
Invoking a method with parameters.
---------------------------------
100.09 + 184.45 = 284.54
Invoking a field (getting and setting.)
--------------------------------------
Name == initialName
Name == NewName
Invoking an indexed property (getting and setting.)
--------------------------------------------------
Item[3] == 3
Item[3] == NewValue
Getting a field or property.
----------------------------
Name == NewName
Value == the value
Invoking a method with named parameters.
---------------------------------------
Mouse,Micky
Invoking a default member of a type.
------------------------------------
12/23/2009 4:29:21 PM
Invoking a method with ref parameters.
--------------------------------------
2, 1
Creating an instance with a parameterless constructor.
------------------------------------------------------
Instance of TestClass created.
Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters.
------------------------------------------------------------
Instance of TestClass created with initial value 'Hello, World!'.
DeclaredOnly instance members.
------------------------------
get_Item
set_Item
get_Value
AddUp
PrintTime
Swap
.ctor
.ctor
Item
Value
Name
Using IgnoreCase and invoking the PrintName method.
---------------------------------------------------
Smith,Brad
Using FlattenHierarchy to get inherited static protected and public members.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
DerivedOnly defined in Derived.
BaseOnly defined in Base.
Without FlattenHierarchy.
-------------------------
*/
Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.IO
Class Invoke
Public Shared Sub Main()
' BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
' Call a static method.
Dim t As Type = GetType(TestClass)
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a static method.")
Console.WriteLine("-------------------------")
t.InvokeMember("SayHello", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod Or BindingFlags.Public _
Or BindingFlags.Static, Nothing, Nothing, New Object() {})
' BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
' Call an instance method.
Dim c As New TestClass()
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Invoking an instance method.")
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------")
c.GetType().InvokeMember("AddUp", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, Nothing, c, New Object() {})
c.GetType().InvokeMember("AddUp", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, Nothing, c, New Object() {})
' BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
' Call a method with parameters.
Dim args() As Object = {100.09, 184.45}
Dim result As Object
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method with parameters.")
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------")
result = t.InvokeMember("ComputeSum", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, Nothing, Nothing, args)
Console.WriteLine("{0} + {1} = {2}", args(0), args(1), result)
' BindingFlags.GetField, SetField
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a field (getting and setting.)")
Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------")
' Get a field value.
result = t.InvokeMember("Name", BindingFlags.GetField, Nothing, c, New Object() {})
Console.WriteLine("Name == {0}", result)
' Set a field.
t.InvokeMember("Name", BindingFlags.SetField, Nothing, c, New Object() {"NewName"})
result = t.InvokeMember("Name", BindingFlags.GetField, Nothing, c, New Object() {})
Console.WriteLine("Name == {0}", result)
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Invoking an indexed property (getting and setting.)")
Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------------------")
' BindingFlags.GetProperty
' Get an indexed property value.
Dim index As Integer = 3
result = t.InvokeMember("Item", BindingFlags.GetProperty, Nothing, c, New Object() {index})
Console.WriteLine("Item[{0}] == {1}", index, result)
' BindingFlags.SetProperty
' Set an indexed property value.
index = 3
t.InvokeMember("Item", BindingFlags.SetProperty, Nothing, c, New Object() {index, "NewValue"})
result = t.InvokeMember("Item", BindingFlags.GetProperty, Nothing, c, New Object() {index})
Console.WriteLine("Item[{0}] == {1}", index, result)
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Getting a field or property.")
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------")
' BindingFlags.GetField
' Get a field or property.
result = t.InvokeMember("Name", BindingFlags.GetField Or BindingFlags.GetProperty, Nothing, _
c, New Object() {})
Console.WriteLine("Name == {0}", result)
' BindingFlags.GetProperty
result = t.InvokeMember("Value", BindingFlags.GetField Or BindingFlags.GetProperty, Nothing, _
c, New Object() {})
Console.WriteLine("Value == {0}", result)
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method with named parameters.")
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------")
' BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
' Call a method using named parameters.
Dim argValues() As Object = {"Mouse", "Micky"}
Dim argNames() As [String] = {"lastName", "firstName"}
t.InvokeMember("PrintName", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, Nothing, Nothing, argValues, Nothing, _
Nothing, argNames)
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a default member of a type.")
Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------")
' BindingFlags.Default
' Call the default member of a type.
Dim t3 As Type = GetType(TestClass2)
t3.InvokeMember("", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod Or BindingFlags.Default, Nothing, _
New TestClass2(), New Object() {})
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method with ByRef parameters.")
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------")
' BindingFlags.Static, NonPublic, and Public
' Invoking a member by reference.
Dim m As MethodInfo = t.GetMethod("Swap")
args = New Object(1) {}
args(0) = 1
args(1) = 2
m.Invoke(New TestClass(), args)
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", args(0), args(1))
' BindingFlags.CreateInstance
' Creating an instance.
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Creating an instance with parameterless constructor.")
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------------")
Dim obj As Object = GetType(TestClass).InvokeMember("TestClass", BindingFlags.CreateInstance, _
Nothing, Nothing, New Object() {})
Console.WriteLine("Instance of {0} created.", obj.GetType().Name)
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters.")
Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------")
obj = GetType(TestClass).InvokeMember("TestClass", BindingFlags.CreateInstance, Nothing, _
Nothing, New Object() { "Hello, World!" })
Console.WriteLine("Instance of {0} created with initial value '{1}'.", obj.GetType().Name, _
obj.GetType().InvokeMember("Name", BindingFlags.GetField, Nothing, obj, Nothing))
' BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("DeclaredOnly instance members.")
Console.WriteLine("------------------------------")
Dim memInfo As System.Reflection.MemberInfo() = t.GetMembers(BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly Or _
BindingFlags.Public Or BindingFlags.Instance)
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To memInfo.Length - 1
Console.WriteLine(memInfo(i).Name)
Next i
' BindingFlags.IgnoreCase
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Using IgnoreCase and invoking the PrintName method.")
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------")
t.InvokeMember("printname", BindingFlags.IgnoreCase Or BindingFlags.Public Or _
BindingFlags.Static Or BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, Nothing, Nothing, _
New Object() {"Brad", "Smith"})
' BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Using FlattenHierarchy to get inherited static protected and public members." )
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------------------------------------")
Dim finfos() As FieldInfo = GetType(MostDerived).GetFields(BindingFlags.NonPublic Or _
BindingFlags.Public Or BindingFlags.Static Or BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy)
For Each finfo As FieldInfo In finfos
Console.WriteLine("{0} defined in {1}.", finfo.Name, finfo.DeclaringType.Name)
Next
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Without FlattenHierarchy." )
Console.WriteLine("-------------------------")
finfos = GetType(MostDerived).GetFields(BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public Or _
BindingFlags.Static)
For Each finfo As FieldInfo In finfos
Console.WriteLine("{0} defined in {1}.", finfo.Name, finfo.DeclaringType.Name)
Next
End Sub
End Class
Public Class TestClass
Public Name As String
Private values() As [Object] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
Default Public Property Item(ByVal index As Integer) As [Object]
Get
Return values(index)
End Get
Set(ByVal Value As [Object])
values(index) = Value
End Set
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property Value() As [Object]
Get
Return "the value"
End Get
End Property
Public Sub New(ByVal initName As String)
Name = initName
End Sub
Public Sub New()
MyClass.New("initialName")
End Sub
Private methodCalled As Integer = 0
Public Shared Sub SayHello()
Console.WriteLine("Hello")
End Sub
Public Sub AddUp()
methodCalled += 1
Console.WriteLine("AddUp Called {0} times", methodCalled)
End Sub
Public Shared Function ComputeSum(ByVal d1 As Double, ByVal d2 As Double) As Double
Return d1 + d2
End Function
Public Shared Sub PrintName(ByVal firstName As [String], ByVal lastName As [String])
Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}", lastName, firstName)
End Sub
Public Sub PrintTime()
Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now)
End Sub
Public Sub Swap(ByRef a As Integer, ByRef b As Integer)
Dim x As Integer = a
a = b
b = x
End Sub
End Class
<DefaultMemberAttribute("PrintTime")> _
Public Class TestClass2
Public Sub PrintTime()
Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now)
End Sub
End Class
Public Class Base
Shared BaseOnlyPrivate As Integer = 0
Protected Shared BaseOnly As Integer = 0
End Class
Public Class Derived
Inherits Base
Public Shared DerivedOnly As Integer = 0
End Class
Public Class MostDerived
Inherits Derived
End Class
' This example produces output similar to the following:
'
'Invoking a static method.
'-------------------------
'Hello
'
'Invoking an instance method.
'----------------------------
'AddUp Called 1 times
'AddUp Called 2 times
'
'Invoking a method with parameters.
'---------------------------------
'100.09 + 184.45 = 284.54
'
'Invoking a field (getting and setting.)
'--------------------------------------
'Name == initialName
'Name == NewName
'
'Invoking an indexed property (getting and setting.)
'--------------------------------------------------
'Item[3] == 3
'Item[3] == NewValue
'
'Getting a field or property.
'----------------------------
'Name == NewName
'Value == the value
'
'Invoking a method with named parameters.
'---------------------------------------
'Mouse,Micky
'
'Invoking a default member of a type.
'------------------------------------
'12/23/2009 4:34:22 PM
'
'Invoking a method with ByRef parameters.
'----------------------------------------
'2, 1
'
'Creating an instance with parameterless constructor.
'----------------------------------------------------
'Instance of TestClass created.
'
'Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters.
'------------------------------------------------------------
'Instance of TestClass created with initial value 'Hello, World!'.
'
'DeclaredOnly instance members.
'------------------------------
'get_Item
'set_Item
'get_Value
'AddUp
'PrintTime
'Swap
'.ctor
'.ctor
'Item
'Value
'Name
'
'Using IgnoreCase and invoking the PrintName method.
'---------------------------------------------------
'Smith,Brad
'
'Using FlattenHierarchy to get inherited static protected and public members.
'----------------------------------------------------------------------------
'DerivedOnly defined in Derived.
'BaseOnly defined in Base.
'
'Without FlattenHierarchy.
'-------------------------
'
Keterangan
Pengikatan kontrol ini BindingFlags untuk banyak kelas di Systemnamespace layanan , , System.Reflectiondan System.Runtime yang memanggil, membuat, mendapatkan, mengatur, dan menemukan anggota dan jenis.
BindingFlags digunakan dalam metode berikut Type dan tempat lain seperti MethodBase.Invoke:
InvokeMember dan GetMethod sangat penting.
Bendera pengikatan dapat dikategorikan berdasarkan cara mereka mengidentifikasi anggota jenis, seperti yang tercantum dalam tabel berikut.
| Diidentifikasi oleh Aksesibilitas | Diidentifikasi oleh Argumen Pengikatan | Diidentifikasi oleh Operasi |
|---|---|---|
| DeclaredOnly FlattenHierarchy IgnoreCase IgnoreReturn Instans NonPublik Publik Statis |
ExactBinding OptionalParamBinding |
CreateInstance GetField SetField Getproperty SetProperty InvokeMethod PutDispProperty PutRefDispProperty |
Catatan
Anda harus menentukan Instance atau Static bersama dengan Public atau NonPublic atau tidak ada anggota yang akan dikembalikan.
Tabel berikut mencantumkan koersi yang dilakukan secara default Binder.ChangeType. Tabel ini berlaku terutama untuk BindingFlags.ExactBinding bendera pengikatan. Prinsip umumnya adalah bahwa ChangeType seharusnya hanya melakukan paksaan yang melebar, yang tidak pernah kehilangan data. Contoh koersi yang melebar adalah memaksakan nilai yang merupakan bilangan bulat bertanda 32-bit ke nilai yang merupakan bilangan bulat bertanda 64-bit. Hal ini dibedakan dari pemakaian yang menyempit, yang mungkin kehilangan data. Contoh koersi yang mempersempit adalah memaksa bilangan bulat bertanda tangan 64-bit ke bilangan bulat bertanda tangan 32-bit.
| Jenis sumber | Jenis Target |
|---|---|
| Jenis apa pun | Jenis dasarnya. |
| Jenis apa pun | Antarmuka yang diimplementasikannya. |
Char |
UInt16, UInt32, Int32, UInt64, Int64, Single, Double |
Byte |
Char, UInt16, Int16, UInt32, Int32, UInt64, Int64, Single, Double |
SByte |
Int16, Int32, Int64, Single, Double |
UInt16 |
UInt32, Int32, UInt64, Int64, Single, Double |
Int16 |
Int32, Int64, Single, Double |
UInt32 |
UInt64, Int64, Single, Double |
Int32 |
Int64, Single, Double |
UInt64 |
Single, Double |
Int64 |
Single, Double |
Single |
Double |
| Bukan referensi | Berdasarkan referensi. |
BindingFlags.ExactBinding Saat bendera pengikatan digunakan, pantulan memodelkan aturan aksesibilitas dari sistem jenis umum. Misalnya, jika pemanggil berada dalam rakitan yang sama, pemanggil tidak memerlukan izin khusus untuk anggota internal. Jika tidak, pemanggil membutuhkan ReflectionPermission. Ini konsisten dengan pencarian anggota yang dilindungi, privat, dan sebagainya.
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