Kelas System.Data.DataTable
Artikel ini menyediakan keterangan tambahan untuk dokumentasi referensi untuk API ini.
Kelas DataTable adalah objek pusat di pustaka ADO.NET. Objek lain yang menggunakan DataTable termasuk DataSet dan DataView.
DataTable nama objek peka huruf besar/kecil secara kondisional. Misalnya, jika satu DataTable diberi nama "mydatatable" dan yang lain diberi nama "Mydatatable", string yang digunakan untuk mencari salah satu tabel dianggap sebagai peka huruf besar/kecil. Namun, jika "mydatatable" ada dan "Mydatatable" tidak, string pencarian dianggap tidak peka huruf besar/kecil. DataSet Dapat berisi dua DataTable objek yang memiliki nilai properti yang sama TableName tetapi nilai properti yang berbedaNamespace. Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang bekerja dengan DataTable objek, lihat Membuat DataTable.
Jika Anda membuat secara DataTable terprogram, Anda harus terlebih dahulu menentukan skemanya dengan menambahkan DataColumn objek ke DataColumnCollection (diakses melalui Columns properti ). Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang menambahkan DataColumn objek, lihat Menambahkan Kolom ke DataTable.
Untuk menambahkan baris ke DataTable, Anda harus terlebih dahulu menggunakan NewRow metode untuk mengembalikan objek baru DataRow . Metode NewRow mengembalikan baris dengan skema DataTable, seperti yang didefinisikan oleh tabel DataColumnCollection. Jumlah maksimum baris yang DataTable dapat disimpan adalah 16.777.216. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menambahkan Data ke DataTable.
juga DataTable berisi kumpulan Constraint objek yang dapat digunakan untuk memastikan integritas data. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Batasan DataTable.
Ada banyak DataTable peristiwa yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kapan perubahan dilakukan pada tabel. Ini termasuk RowChanged, RowChanging, RowDeleting, dan RowDeleted. Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang peristiwa yang dapat digunakan dengan DataTable, lihat Menangani Peristiwa DataTable.
Saat instans DataTable dibuat, beberapa properti baca/tulis diatur ke nilai awal. Untuk daftar nilai-nilai ini, lihat DataTable konstruktor.
Catatan
Objek DataSet dan DataTable mewarisi dari MarshalByValueComponent dan mendukung ISerializable antarmuka untuk jarak jauh .NET. Ini adalah satu-satunya objek ADO.NET yang dapat Anda gunakan untuk jarak jauh .NET.
Pertimbangan keamanan
Untuk informasi tentang keamanan Himpunan Data dan DataTable, lihat Panduan keamanan.
Contoh
Sampel ini menunjukkan cara membuat DataTable secara manual dengan definisi skema tertentu:
- Buat beberapa DataTable dan tentukan kolom awal.
- Buat batasan tabel.
- Sisipkan nilai dan tampilkan tabel.
- Buat kolom ekspresi dan tampilkan tabel.
using System;
using System.Data;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Create two tables and add them into the DataSet
DataTable orderTable = CreateOrderTable();
DataTable orderDetailTable = CreateOrderDetailTable();
DataSet salesSet = new DataSet();
salesSet.Tables.Add(orderTable);
salesSet.Tables.Add(orderDetailTable);
// Set the relations between the tables and create the related constraint.
salesSet.Relations.Add("OrderOrderDetail", orderTable.Columns["OrderId"], orderDetailTable.Columns["OrderId"], true);
Console.WriteLine("After creating the foreign key constriant, you will see the following error if inserting order detail with the wrong OrderId: ");
try
{
DataRow errorRow = orderDetailTable.NewRow();
errorRow[0] = 1;
errorRow[1] = "O0007";
orderDetailTable.Rows.Add(errorRow);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
Console.WriteLine();
// Insert the rows into the table
InsertOrders(orderTable);
InsertOrderDetails(orderDetailTable);
Console.WriteLine("The initial Order table.");
ShowTable(orderTable);
Console.WriteLine("The OrderDetail table.");
ShowTable(orderDetailTable);
// Use the Aggregate-Sum on the child table column to get the result.
DataColumn colSub = new DataColumn("SubTotal", typeof(Decimal), "Sum(Child.LineTotal)");
orderTable.Columns.Add(colSub);
// Compute the tax by referencing the SubTotal expression column.
DataColumn colTax = new DataColumn("Tax", typeof(Decimal), "SubTotal*0.1");
orderTable.Columns.Add(colTax);
// If the OrderId is 'Total', compute the due on all orders; or compute the due on this order.
DataColumn colTotal = new DataColumn("TotalDue", typeof(Decimal), "IIF(OrderId='Total',Sum(SubTotal)+Sum(Tax),SubTotal+Tax)");
orderTable.Columns.Add(colTotal);
DataRow row = orderTable.NewRow();
row["OrderId"] = "Total";
orderTable.Rows.Add(row);
Console.WriteLine("The Order table with the expression columns.");
ShowTable(orderTable);
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.....");
Console.ReadKey();
}
private static DataTable CreateOrderTable()
{
DataTable orderTable = new DataTable("Order");
// Define one column.
DataColumn colId = new DataColumn("OrderId", typeof(String));
orderTable.Columns.Add(colId);
DataColumn colDate = new DataColumn("OrderDate", typeof(DateTime));
orderTable.Columns.Add(colDate);
// Set the OrderId column as the primary key.
orderTable.PrimaryKey = new DataColumn[] { colId };
return orderTable;
}
private static DataTable CreateOrderDetailTable()
{
DataTable orderDetailTable = new DataTable("OrderDetail");
// Define all the columns once.
DataColumn[] cols =
{
new DataColumn("OrderDetailId", typeof(Int32)),
new DataColumn("OrderId", typeof(String)),
new DataColumn("Product", typeof(String)),
new DataColumn("UnitPrice", typeof(Decimal)),
new DataColumn("OrderQty", typeof(Int32)),
new DataColumn("LineTotal", typeof(Decimal), "UnitPrice*OrderQty")
};
orderDetailTable.Columns.AddRange(cols);
orderDetailTable.PrimaryKey = new DataColumn[] { orderDetailTable.Columns["OrderDetailId"] };
return orderDetailTable;
}
private static void InsertOrders(DataTable orderTable)
{
// Add one row once.
DataRow row1 = orderTable.NewRow();
row1["OrderId"] = "O0001";
row1["OrderDate"] = new DateTime(2013, 3, 1);
orderTable.Rows.Add(row1);
DataRow row2 = orderTable.NewRow();
row2["OrderId"] = "O0002";
row2["OrderDate"] = new DateTime(2013, 3, 12);
orderTable.Rows.Add(row2);
DataRow row3 = orderTable.NewRow();
row3["OrderId"] = "O0003";
row3["OrderDate"] = new DateTime(2013, 3, 20);
orderTable.Rows.Add(row3);
}
private static void InsertOrderDetails(DataTable orderDetailTable)
{
// Use an Object array to insert all the rows .
// Values in the array are matched sequentially to the columns, based on the order in which they appear in the table.
Object[] rows =
{
new Object[] { 1, "O0001", "Mountain Bike", 1419.5, 36 },
new Object[] { 2, "O0001", "Road Bike", 1233.6, 16 },
new Object[] { 3, "O0001", "Touring Bike", 1653.3, 32 },
new Object[] { 4, "O0002", "Mountain Bike", 1419.5, 24 },
new Object[] { 5, "O0002", "Road Bike", 1233.6, 12 },
new Object[] { 6, "O0003", "Mountain Bike", 1419.5, 48 },
new Object[] { 7, "O0003", "Touring Bike", 1653.3, 8 },
};
foreach (Object[] row in rows)
{
orderDetailTable.Rows.Add(row);
}
}
private static void ShowTable(DataTable table)
{
foreach (DataColumn col in table.Columns)
{
Console.Write("{0,-14}", col.ColumnName);
}
Console.WriteLine();
foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows)
{
foreach (DataColumn col in table.Columns)
{
if (col.DataType.Equals(typeof(DateTime)))
Console.Write("{0,-14:d}", row[col]);
else if (col.DataType.Equals(typeof(Decimal)))
Console.Write("{0,-14:C}", row[col]);
else
Console.Write("{0,-14}", row[col]);
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
Imports System.Data
Class Program
Public Shared Sub Main(args As String())
' Create two tables and add them into the DataSet
Dim orderTable As DataTable = CreateOrderTable()
Dim orderDetailTable As DataTable = CreateOrderDetailTable()
Dim salesSet As New DataSet()
salesSet.Tables.Add(orderTable)
salesSet.Tables.Add(orderDetailTable)
' Set the relations between the tables and create the related constraint.
salesSet.Relations.Add("OrderOrderDetail", orderTable.Columns("OrderId"), orderDetailTable.Columns("OrderId"), True)
Console.WriteLine("After creating the foreign key constriant, you will see the following error if inserting order detail with the wrong OrderId: ")
Try
Dim errorRow As DataRow = orderDetailTable.NewRow()
errorRow(0) = 1
errorRow(1) = "O0007"
orderDetailTable.Rows.Add(errorRow)
Catch e As Exception
Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
End Try
Console.WriteLine()
' Insert the rows into the table
InsertOrders(orderTable)
InsertOrderDetails(orderDetailTable)
Console.WriteLine("The initial Order table.")
ShowTable(orderTable)
Console.WriteLine("The OrderDetail table.")
ShowTable(orderDetailTable)
' Use the Aggregate-Sum on the child table column to get the result.
Dim colSub As New DataColumn("SubTotal", GetType([Decimal]), "Sum(Child.LineTotal)")
orderTable.Columns.Add(colSub)
' Compute the tax by referencing the SubTotal expression column.
Dim colTax As New DataColumn("Tax", GetType([Decimal]), "SubTotal*0.1")
orderTable.Columns.Add(colTax)
' If the OrderId is 'Total', compute the due on all orders; or compute the due on this order.
Dim colTotal As New DataColumn("TotalDue", GetType([Decimal]), "IIF(OrderId='Total',Sum(SubTotal)+Sum(Tax),SubTotal+Tax)")
orderTable.Columns.Add(colTotal)
Dim row As DataRow = orderTable.NewRow()
row("OrderId") = "Total"
orderTable.Rows.Add(row)
Console.WriteLine("The Order table with the expression columns.")
ShowTable(orderTable)
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.....")
Console.ReadKey()
End Sub
Private Shared Function CreateOrderTable() As DataTable
Dim orderTable As New DataTable("Order")
' Define one column.
Dim colId As New DataColumn("OrderId", GetType([String]))
orderTable.Columns.Add(colId)
Dim colDate As New DataColumn("OrderDate", GetType(DateTime))
orderTable.Columns.Add(colDate)
' Set the OrderId column as the primary key.
orderTable.PrimaryKey = New DataColumn() {colId}
Return orderTable
End Function
Private Shared Function CreateOrderDetailTable() As DataTable
Dim orderDetailTable As New DataTable("OrderDetail")
' Define all the columns once.
Dim cols As DataColumn() = {New DataColumn("OrderDetailId", GetType(Int32)), New DataColumn("OrderId", GetType([String])), New DataColumn("Product", GetType([String])), New DataColumn("UnitPrice", GetType([Decimal])), New DataColumn("OrderQty", GetType(Int32)), New DataColumn("LineTotal", GetType([Decimal]), "UnitPrice*OrderQty")}
orderDetailTable.Columns.AddRange(cols)
orderDetailTable.PrimaryKey = New DataColumn() {orderDetailTable.Columns("OrderDetailId")}
Return orderDetailTable
End Function
Private Shared Sub InsertOrders(orderTable As DataTable)
' Add one row once.
Dim row1 As DataRow = orderTable.NewRow()
row1("OrderId") = "O0001"
row1("OrderDate") = New DateTime(2013, 3, 1)
orderTable.Rows.Add(row1)
Dim row2 As DataRow = orderTable.NewRow()
row2("OrderId") = "O0002"
row2("OrderDate") = New DateTime(2013, 3, 12)
orderTable.Rows.Add(row2)
Dim row3 As DataRow = orderTable.NewRow()
row3("OrderId") = "O0003"
row3("OrderDate") = New DateTime(2013, 3, 20)
orderTable.Rows.Add(row3)
End Sub
Private Shared Sub InsertOrderDetails(orderDetailTable As DataTable)
' Use an Object array to insert all the rows .
' Values in the array are matched sequentially to the columns, based on the order in which they appear in the table.
Dim rows As [Object]() = {New [Object]() {1, "O0001", "Mountain Bike", 1419.5, 36}, New [Object]() {2, "O0001", "Road Bike", 1233.6, 16}, New [Object]() {3, "O0001", "Touring Bike", 1653.3, 32}, New [Object]() {4, "O0002", "Mountain Bike", 1419.5, 24}, New [Object]() {5, "O0002", "Road Bike", 1233.6, 12}, New [Object]() {6, "O0003", "Mountain Bike", 1419.5, 48}, _
New [Object]() {7, "O0003", "Touring Bike", 1653.3, 8}}
For Each row As [Object]() In rows
orderDetailTable.Rows.Add(row)
Next
End Sub
Private Shared Sub ShowTable(table As DataTable)
For Each col As DataColumn In table.Columns
Console.Write("{0,-14}", col.ColumnName)
Next
Console.WriteLine()
For Each row As DataRow In table.Rows
For Each col As DataColumn In table.Columns
If col.DataType.Equals(GetType(DateTime)) Then
Console.Write("{0,-14:d}", row(col))
ElseIf col.DataType.Equals(GetType([Decimal])) Then
Console.Write("{0,-14:C}", row(col))
Else
Console.Write("{0,-14}", row(col))
End If
Next
Console.WriteLine()
Next
Console.WriteLine()
End Sub
End Class
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