Membuat dan mendaftarkan tugas latar belakang Win32 COM

Tip

 Metode BackgroundTaskBuilder.SetTaskEntryPointClsid tersedia mulai dari Windows 10, versi 2004.

Catatan

 Skenario ini hanya berlaku untuk aplikasi Win32 paket. Aplikasi UWP akan mengalami kesalahan saat mencoba menerapkan skenario ini.

API penting

Buat kelas tugas latar belakang COM dan daftarkan untuk dijalankan di aplikasi Win32 paket kepercayaan penuh Anda sebagai respons terhadap pemicu. Anda dapat menggunakan tugas latar belakang untuk menyediakan fungsionalitas saat aplikasi ditangguhkan atau tidak berjalan. Topik ini menunjukkan cara membuat dan mendaftarkan tugas latar belakang yang dapat berjalan dalam proses aplikasi latar depan Anda atau proses lain.

Membuat kelas Tugas Latar Belakang

Anda dapat menjalankan kode di latar belakang dengan menulis kelas yang mengimplementasikan antarmuka IBackgroundTask . Kode ini berjalan ketika peristiwa tertentu dipicu dengan menggunakan, misalnya, SystemTrigger atau TimeTrigger.

Langkah-langkah berikut menunjukkan kepada Anda cara menulis kelas baru yang mengimplementasikan antarmuka IBackgroundTask dan menambahkannya ke proses utama Anda.

  1. Lihat instruksi ini untuk mereferensikan API WinRT dalam solusi aplikasi Win32 paket Anda. Ini diperlukan untuk menggunakan IBackgroundTask dan API terkait.
  2. Di kelas baru itu, terapkan antarmuka IBackgroundTask . Metode IBackgroundTask.Run adalah titik masuk yang diperlukan yang akan dipanggil ketika peristiwa yang ditentukan dipicu; metode ini diperlukan di setiap tugas latar belakang.

Catatan

Kelas tugas latar belakang itu sendiri—dan semua kelas lain dalam proyek tugas latar belakang—harus publik.

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan kelas tugas latar belakang dasar yang menghitung primes dan menulisnya ke file hingga diminta untuk dibatalkan.

Contoh C++/WinRT mengimplementasikan kelas tugas latar belakang sebagai kolase COM.

Sampel kode tugas latar belakang


using System;
using System.IO; // Path
using System.Threading; // EventWaitHandle
using System.Collections.Generic; // Queue
using System.Runtime.InteropServices; // Guid, RegistrationServices
using Windows.ApplicationModel.Background; // IBackgroundTask

namespace PackagedWinMainBackgroundTaskSample
{
    // {14C5882B-35D3-41BE-86B2-5106269B97E6} is GUID to register this task with BackgroundTaskBuilder. Generate a random GUID before implementing.
    [ComVisible(true)]
    [ClassInterface(ClassInterfaceType.None)]
    [Guid("14C5882B-35D3-41BE-86B2-5106269B97E6")]
    [ComSourceInterfaces(typeof(IBackgroundTask))]
    public class SampleTask : IBackgroundTask
    {
        private volatile int cleanupTask; // flag used to indicate to Run method that it should exit
        private Queue<int> numbersQueue; // the data structure holding the set of primes in memory

        private const int maxPrimeNumber = 1000000000; // the number up to which task will attempt to calculate primes
        private const int queueDepthToWrite = 10; // how frequently this task should flush its queue of primes
        private const string numbersQueueFile = "numbersQueue.log"; // the file to write to relative to AppData

        public SampleTask()
        {
            cleanupTask = 0;
            numbersQueue = new Queue<int>(queueDepthToWrite);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method writes all the numbers in the current queue to the specified file.
        /// </summary>
        private void FlushNumbersToFile(Queue<int> queueToWrite)
        {
            string logPath = Path.Combine(ApplicationData.Current.LocalFolder.Path,
                                        System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName);

            if (!Directory.Exists(logPath))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(logPath);
            }

            logPath = Path.Combine(logPath, numbersQueueFile);

            const string delimiter = ", ";
            UnicodeEncoding unicodeEncoding = new UnicodeEncoding();
            // convert the queue to a list of comma separated values.
            string stringToWrite = String.Join(delimiter, queueToWrite);
            // Add the comma at the end.
            stringToWrite += delimiter;

            File.AppendAllText(logPath, stringToWrite);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method determines if the specified number is a prime number.
        /// </summary>
        private bool IsPrimeNumber(int dividend)
        {
            bool isPrime = true;
            for (int divisor = dividend - 1; divisor > 1; divisor -= 1)
            {
                if ((dividend % divisor) == 0)
                {
                    isPrime = false;
                    break;
                }
            }

            return isPrime;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Given the current number, this method calculates the next prime number (excluding the specified number).
        /// </summary>
        private int GetNextPrime(int previousNumber)
        {
            int currentNumber = previousNumber + 1;
            while (!IsPrimeNumber(currentNumber))
            {
                currentNumber += 1;
            }

            return currentNumber;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method is the main entry point for the background task. The system will believe this background task
        /// is complete when this method returns.
        /// </summary>
        [MTAThread]
        public void Run(IBackgroundTaskInstance taskInstance)
        {
            // Start with the first applicable number.
            int currentNumber = 1;

            taskDeferral = taskInstance.GetDeferral();

            // Wire the cancellation handler.
            taskInstance.Canceled += this.OnCanceled;

            // Set the progress to indicate this task has started
            taskInstance.Progress = 10;

            // Calculate primes until a cancellation has been requested or until
            // the maximum number is reached.
            while ((cleanupTask == 0) && (currentNumber < maxPrimeNumber)) {
                // Compute the next prime number and add it to our queue.
                currentNumber = GetNextPrime(currentNumber);
                numbersQueue.Enqueue(currentNumber);
                // Once the queue is filled to its max size, flush the numbers to the file.
                if (numbersQueue.Count >= queueDepthToWrite)
                {
                    FlushNumbersToFile(numbersQueue);
                    numbersQueue.Clear();
                }
            }

            // Flush any remaining numbers to the file as part of cleanup.
            FlushNumbersToFile(numbersQueue);

            if (taskDeferral != null)
            {
                taskDeferral.Complete();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method is signaled when the system requests the background task be canceled. This method will signal
        /// to the Run method to clean up and return.
        /// </summary>
        [MTAThread]
        public void OnCanceled(IBackgroundTaskInstance taskInstance, BackgroundTaskCancellationReason cancellationReason)
        {
            cleanupTask = 1;
        }
    }
}


#include <unknwn.h>
#include <winrt/Windows.Foundation.h>
#include <winrt/Windows.Foundation.Collections.h>
#include <winrt/Windows.ApplicationModel.Background.h>

using namespace winrt;
using namespace winrt::Windows::Foundation;
using namespace winrt::Windows::Foundation::Collections;
using namespace winrt::Windows::ApplicationModel::Background;

namespace PackagedWinMainBackgroundTaskSample {

    // Note insert unique UUID.
    struct __declspec(uuid("14C5882B-35D3-41BE-86B2-5106269B97E6"))
    SampleTask : implements<SampleTask, IBackgroundTask>
    {
        const unsigned int MaximumPotentialPrime = 1000000000;
        volatile bool isCanceled = false;
        BackgroundTaskDeferral taskDeferral = nullptr;

        void __stdcall Run (_In_ IBackgroundTaskInstance taskInstance)
        {
            taskInstance.Canceled({ this, &SampleTask::OnCanceled });

            taskDeferral = taskInstance.GetDeferral();

            unsigned int currentPrimeNumber = 1;
            while (!isCanceled && (currentPrimeNumber < MaximumPotentialPrime))
            {
                currentPrimeNumber = GetNextPrime(currentPrimeNumber);
            }

            taskDeferral.Complete();
        }

        void __stdcall OnCanceled (_In_ IBackgroundTaskInstance, _In_ BackgroundTaskCancellationReason)
        {
            isCanceled = true;
        }
    };

    struct TaskFactory : implements<TaskFactory, IClassFactory>
    {
        HRESULT __stdcall CreateInstance (_In_opt_ IUnknown* aggregateInterface, _In_ REFIID interfaceId, _Outptr_ VOID** object) noexcept final
        {
            if (aggregateInterface != NULL) {
                return CLASS_E_NOAGGREGATION;
            }

            return make<SampleTask>().as(interfaceId, object);
        }

        HRESULT __stdcall LockServer (BOOL) noexcept final
        {
            return S_OK;
        }
    };
}

Menambahkan kode dukungan untuk membuat instans kelas COM

Agar tugas latar belakang diaktifkan ke dalam aplikasi Win32 kepercayaan penuh, kelas tugas latar belakang harus memiliki kode dukungan sehingga COM memahami cara memulai proses aplikasi jika tidak berjalan, dan kemudian memahami instans proses mana yang saat ini menjadi server untuk menangani aktivasi baru untuk tugas latar belakang tersebut.

  1. COM perlu memahami cara meluncurkan proses aplikasi jika belum berjalan. Proses aplikasi yang menghosting kode tugas latar belakang perlu dideklarasikan dalam manifes paket. Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan bagaimana SampleTask dihosting di dalam SampleBackgroundApp.exe. Ketika tugas latar belakang diluncurkan ketika tidak ada proses yang berjalan, SampleBackgroundApp.exe akan diluncurkan dengan argumen proses "-StartSampleTaskServer".

<Extensions>
  <com:Extension Category="windows.comServer">
    <com:ComServer>
      <com:ExeServer Executable="SampleBackgroundApp\SampleBackgroundApp.exe" DisplayName="SampleBackgroundApp" Arguments="-StartSampleTaskServer">
        <com:Class Id="14C5882B-35D3-41BE-86B2-5106269B97E6" DisplayName="Sample Task" />
      </com:ExeServer>
    </com:ComServer>
  </com:Extension>
</Extensions>

  1. Setelah proses Anda dimulai dengan argumen yang tepat, itu harus memberi tahu COM bahwa itu adalah server COM saat ini untuk instans baru SampleTask. Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan bagaimana proses aplikasi harus mendaftarkan dirinya dengan COM. Perhatikan sampel ini menunjukkan bagaimana proses akan mendeklarasikan dirinya sebagai server COM untuk SampleTask setidaknya untuk satu instans selesai sebelum keluar. Ini opsional, dan menangani tugas latar belakang dapat memulai fungsi proses utama Anda.

class SampleTaskServer
{
    SampleTaskServer()
    {
        comRegistrationToken = 0;
        waitHandle = new EventWaitHandle(false, EventResetMode.AutoReset);
    }

    ~SampleTaskServer()
    {
        Stop();
    }

    public void Start()
    {
        RegistrationServices registrationServices = new RegistrationServices();
        comRegistrationToken = registrationServices.RegisterTypeForComClients(typeof(SampleTask), RegistrationClassContext.LocalServer, RegistrationConnectionType.MultipleUse);

        // Either have the background task signal this handle when it completes, or never signal this handle to keep this
        // process as the COM server until the process is closed.
        waitHandle.WaitOne();
    }

    public void Stop()
    {
        if (comRegistrationToken != 0)
        {
            RegistrationServices registrationServices = new RegistrationServices();
            registrationServices.UnregisterTypeForComClients(registrationCookie);
        }

        waitHandle.Set();
    }

    private int comRegistrationToken;
    private EventWaitHandle waitHandle;
}

var sampleTaskServer = new SampleTaskServer();
sampleTaskServer.Start();


class SampleTaskServer
{
public:
    SampleTaskServer()
    {
        waitHandle = EventWaitHandle(false, EventResetMode::AutoResetEvent);
        comRegistrationToken = 0;
    }

    ~SampleTaskServer()
    {
        Stop();
    }

    void Start()
    {
        try
        {
            com_ptr<IClassFactory> taskFactory = make<TaskFactory>();

            winrt::check_hresult(CoRegisterClassObject(__uuidof(SampleTask),
                                                       taskFactory.get(),
                                                       CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
                                                       REGCLS_MULTIPLEUSE,
                                                       &comRegistrationToken));

            // Either have the background task signal this handle when it completes, or never signal this handle to
            // keep this process as the COM server until the process is closed.
            waitHandle.WaitOne();

        }
        catch (...)
        {
            // Indicate an error has been encountered.
        }
    }

    void Stop()
    {
        if (comRegistrationToken != 0)
        {
            CoRevokeClassObject(comRegistrationToken);
        }

        waitHandle.Set();
    }

private:
    DWORD comRegistrationToken;
    EventWaitHandle waitHandle;
};

SampleTaskServer sampleTaskServer;
sampleTaskServer.Start();

Daftarkan tugas latar belakang yang akan dijalankan

  1. Cari tahu apakah tugas latar belakang sudah terdaftar dengan melakukan iterasi melalui properti BackgroundTaskRegistration.AllTasks . Langkah ini penting; jika aplikasi Anda tidak memeriksa pendaftaran tugas latar belakang yang ada, aplikasi dapat dengan mudah mendaftarkan tugas beberapa kali, menyebabkan masalah dengan performa dan memaksimalkan waktu CPU tugas yang tersedia sebelum pekerjaan dapat diselesaikan. Aplikasi bebas menggunakan titik masuk yang sama untuk menangani semua tugas latar belakang dan menggunakan properti lain seperti Nama atau TaskId yang ditetapkan ke BackgroundTaskRegistration untuk memutuskan pekerjaan apa yang harus dilakukan.

Contoh berikut berulang pada properti AllTasks dan mengatur variabel bendera ke true jika tugas sudah terdaftar.


var taskRegistered = false;
var sampleTaskName = "SampleTask";

foreach (var task in BackgroundTaskRegistration.AllTasks)
{
    if (task.Value.Name == sampleTaskName)
    {
        taskRegistered = true;
        break;
    }
}

// The code in the next step goes here.


bool taskRegistered = false;
std::wstring sampleTaskName = L"SampleTask";
auto allTasks = BackgroundTaskRegistration::AllTasks();

for (auto const& task : allTasks)
{
    if (task.Value().Name() == sampleTaskName)
    {
        taskRegistered = true;
        break;
    }
}

// The code in the next step goes here.

  1. Jika tugas latar belakang belum terdaftar, gunakan BackgroundTaskBuilder untuk membuat instans tugas latar belakang Anda. Titik entri tugas harus menjadi nama kelas tugas latar belakang Anda yang diawali oleh namespace.

Pemicu tugas latar belakang mengontrol kapan tugas latar belakang akan berjalan. Untuk daftar pemicu yang mungkin, lihat Namespace Windows.ApplicationModel.Background .

Catatan

Hanya subset pemicu yang didukung untuk tugas latar belakang Win32 yang dibungkus.

Misalnya, kode ini membuat tugas latar belakang baru dan mengaturnya untuk menjalankannya pada TimeTrigger berulang 15 menit:


if (!taskRegistered)
{
    var builder = new BackgroundTaskBuilder();

    builder.Name = sampleTaskName;
    builder.SetTaskEntryPointClsid(typeof(SampleTask).GUID);
    builder.SetTrigger(new TimeTrigger(15, false));
}

// The code in the next step goes here.


if (!taskRegistered)
{
    BackgroundTaskBuilder builder;

    builder.Name(sampleTaskName);
    builder.SetTaskEntryPointClsid(__uuidof(SampleTask));
    builder.SetTrigger(TimeTrigger(15, false));
}

// The code in the next step goes here.

  1. Anda dapat menambahkan kondisi untuk mengontrol kapan tugas Anda akan berjalan setelah peristiwa pemicu terjadi (opsional). Misalnya, jika Anda tidak ingin tugas berjalan hingga internet tersedia, gunakan kondisi InternetAvailable. Untuk daftar kemungkinan kondisi, lihat SystemConditionType.

Kode sampel berikut menetapkan kondisi yang mengharuskan pengguna untuk hadir:

builder.AddCondition(new SystemCondition(SystemConditionType.InternetAvailable));
// The code in the next step goes here.
builder.AddCondition(SystemCondition{ SystemConditionType::InternetAvailable });
// The code in the next step goes here.
  1. Daftarkan tugas latar belakang dengan memanggil metode Register pada objek BackgroundTaskBuilder . Simpan hasil BackgroundTaskRegistration sehingga dapat digunakan di langkah berikutnya. Perhatikan bahwa fungsi register dapat mengembalikan kesalahan dalam bentuk pengecualian. Pastikan untuk memanggil Daftar dalam try-catch.

Kode berikut mendaftarkan tugas latar belakang dan menyimpan hasilnya:


try
{
    var task = builder.Register();
}
catch (...)
{
    // Indicate an error was encountered.
}


try
{
    auto task = builder.Register();
}
catch (...)
{
    // Indicate an error was encountered.
}

Menyaingkan semuanya

Sampel kode berikut menunjukkan kode lengkap yang diperlukan untuk menjalankan dan mendaftarkan tugas latar belakang COM Win32 Anda:

Manifes paket aplikasi Win32 lengkap


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Package
  xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/foundation/windows10"
  xmlns:uap="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/uap/windows10"
  xmlns:rescap="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/foundation/windows10/restrictedcapabilities"
  xmlns:com="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/com/windows10"
  IgnorableNamespaces="uap rescap com">

  <Identity
    Name="SamplePackagedWinMainBackgroundApp"
    Publisher="CN=Contoso"
    Version="1.0.0.0" />

  <Properties>
    <DisplayName>SamplePackagedWinMainBackgroundApp</DisplayName>
    <PublisherDisplayName>Contoso</PublisherDisplayName>
    <Logo>Images\StoreLogo.png</Logo>
  </Properties>

  <Dependencies>
    <TargetDeviceFamily Name="Windows.Desktop" MinVersion="10.0.19041.0" MaxVersionTested="10.0.19041.0" />
  </Dependencies>

  <Resources>
    <Resource Language="x-generate"/>
  </Resources>

  <Applications>
    <Application Id="App"
                 Executable="SampleBackgroundApp\$targetnametoken$.exe"
                 EntryPoint="$targetentrypoint$">

      <uap:VisualElements
        DisplayName="SampleBackgroundApp"
        Description="SampleBackgroundApp"
        BackgroundColor="transparent"
        Square150x150Logo="Images\Square150x150Logo.png"
        Square44x44Logo="Images\Square44x44Logo.png">
        <uap:DefaultTile Wide310x150Logo="Images\Wide310x150Logo.png" />
        <uap:SplashScreen Image="Images\SplashScreen.png" />
      </uap:VisualElements>

      <Extensions>
        <com:Extension Category="windows.comServer">
          <com:ComServer>
            <com:ExeServer Executable="SampleBackgroundApp\SampleBackgroundApp.exe" DisplayName="SampleBackgroundApp" Arguments="-StartSampleTaskServer">
              <com:Class Id="14C5882B-35D3-41BE-86B2-5106269B97E6" DisplayName="Sample Task" />
            </com:ExeServer>
          </com:ComServer>
        </com:Extension>
      </Extensions>
    </Application>
  </Applications>

  <Capabilities>
  <rescap:Capability Name="runFullTrust" />
  </Capabilities>
</Package>

Sampel kode tugas latar belakang lengkap


using System;
using System.IO; // Path
using System.Threading; // EventWaitHandle
using System.Collections.Generic; // Queue
using System.Runtime.InteropServices; // Guid, RegistrationServices
using Windows.ApplicationModel.Background; // IBackgroundTask

namespace PackagedWinMainBackgroundTaskSample
{
    // Background task implementation.
    // {14C5882B-35D3-41BE-86B2-5106269B97E6} is GUID to register this task with BackgroundTaskBuilder. Generate a random GUID before implementing.
    [ComVisible(true)]
    [ClassInterface(ClassInterfaceType.None)]
    [Guid("14C5882B-35D3-41BE-86B2-5106269B97E6")]
    [ComSourceInterfaces(typeof(IBackgroundTask))]
    public class SampleTask : IBackgroundTask
    {
        private volatile int cleanupTask; // flag used to indicate to Run method that it should exit
        private Queue<int> numbersQueue; // the data structure holding the set of primes in memory

        private const int maxPrimeNumber = 1000000000; // the number up to which task will attempt to calculate primes
        private const int queueDepthToWrite = 10; // how frequently this task should flush its queue of primes
        private const string numbersQueueFile = "numbersQueue.log"; // the file to write to relative to AppData

        public SampleTask()
        {
            cleanupTask = 0;
            numbersQueue = new Queue<int>(queueDepthToWrite);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method writes all the numbers in the current queue to the specified file.
        /// </summary>
        private void FlushNumbersToFile(Queue<int> queueToWrite)
        {
            string logPath = Path.Combine(ApplicationData.Current.LocalFolder.Path,
                                        System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName);

            if (!Directory.Exists(logPath))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(logPath);
            }

            logPath = Path.Combine(logPath, numbersQueueFile);

            const string delimiter = ", ";
            UnicodeEncoding unicodeEncoding = new UnicodeEncoding();
            // convert the queue to a list of comma separated values.
            string stringToWrite = String.Join(delimiter, queueToWrite);
            // Add the comma at the end.
            stringToWrite += delimiter;

            File.AppendAllText(logPath, stringToWrite);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method determines if the specified number is a prime number.
        /// </summary>
        private bool IsPrimeNumber(int dividend)
        {
            bool isPrime = true;
            for (int divisor = dividend - 1; divisor > 1; divisor -= 1)
            {
                if ((dividend % divisor) == 0)
                {
                    isPrime = false;
                    break;
                }
            }

            return isPrime;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Given the current number, this method calculates the next prime number (excluding the specified number).
        /// </summary>
        private int GetNextPrime(int previousNumber)
        {
            int currentNumber = previousNumber + 1;
            while (!IsPrimeNumber(currentNumber))
            {
                currentNumber += 1;
            }

            return currentNumber;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method is the main entry point for the background task. The system will believe this background task
        /// is complete when this method returns.
        /// </summary>
        [MTAThread]
        public void Run(IBackgroundTaskInstance taskInstance)
        {
            // Start with the first applicable number.
            int currentNumber = 1;

            taskDeferral = taskInstance.GetDeferral();

            // Wire the cancellation handler.
            taskInstance.Canceled += this.OnCanceled;

            // Set the progress to indicate this task has started
            taskInstance.Progress = 10;

            // Calculate primes until a cancellation has been requested or until
            // the maximum number is reached.
            while ((cleanupTask == 0) && (currentNumber < maxPrimeNumber)) {
                // Compute the next prime number and add it to our queue.
                currentNumber = GetNextPrime(currentNumber);
                numbersQueue.Enqueue(currentNumber);
                // Once the queue is filled to its max size, flush the numbers to the file.
                if (numbersQueue.Count >= queueDepthToWrite)
                {
                    FlushNumbersToFile(numbersQueue);
                    numbersQueue.Clear();
                }
            }

            // Flush any remaining numbers to the file as part of cleanup.
            FlushNumbersToFile(numbersQueue);

            if (taskDeferral != null)
            {
                taskDeferral.Complete();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method is signaled when the system requests the background task be canceled. This method will signal
        /// to the Run method to clean up and return.
        /// </summary>
        [MTAThread]
        public void OnCanceled(IBackgroundTaskInstance taskInstance, BackgroundTaskCancellationReason cancellationReason)
        {
            cleanupTask = 1;
        }
    }


    // COM server startup code.
    class SampleTaskServer
    {
        SampleTaskServer()
        {
            comRegistrationToken = 0;
            waitHandle = new EventWaitHandle(false, EventResetMode.AutoReset);
        }

        ~SampleTaskServer()
        {
            Stop();
        }

        public void Start()
        {
            RegistrationServices registrationServices = new RegistrationServices();
            comRegistrationToken = registrationServices.RegisterTypeForComClients(typeof(SampleTask), RegistrationClassContext.LocalServer, RegistrationConnectionType.MultipleUse);

            // Either have the background task signal this handle when it completes, or never signal this handle to keep this
            // process as the COM server until the process is closed.
            waitHandle.WaitOne();
        }

        public void Stop()
        {
            if (comRegistrationToken != 0)
            {
                RegistrationServices registrationServices = new RegistrationServices();
                registrationServices.UnregisterTypeForComClients(registrationCookie);
            }

            waitHandle.Set();
        }

        private int comRegistrationToken;
        private EventWaitHandle waitHandle;
    }


    // Background task registration code.
    class SampleTaskRegistrar
    {
        public static void Register()
        {
            var taskRegistered = false;
            var sampleTaskName = "SampleTask";

            foreach (var task in BackgroundTaskRegistration.AllTasks)
            {
                if (task.Value.Name == sampleTaskName)
                {
                    taskRegistered = true;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (!taskRegistered)
            {
                var builder = new BackgroundTaskBuilder();

                builder.Name = sampleTaskName;
                builder.SetTaskEntryPointClsid(typeof(SampleTask).GUID);
                builder.SetTrigger(new TimeTrigger(15, false));
            }

            try
            {
                var task = builder.Register();
            }
            catch (...)
            {
                // Indicate an error was encountered.
            }
        }
    }


    // Application entry point.
    static class Program
    {
        [MTAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            string[] commandLineArgs = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
            if (commandLineArgs.Length < 2)
            {
                // Open the WPF UI when no arguments are specified.
            }
            else
            {
                if (commandLineArgs.Contains("-RegisterSampleTask", StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
                {
                    SampleTaskRegistrar.Register();
                }

                if (commandLineArgs.Contains("-StartSampleTaskServer", StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
                {
                    var sampleTaskServer = new SampleTaskServer();
                    sampleTaskServer.Start();
                }
            }

            return;
        }
    }
}


#include <unknwn.h>
#include <winrt/Windows.Foundation.h>
#include <winrt/Windows.Foundation.Collections.h>
#include <winrt/Windows.ApplicationModel.Background.h>

using namespace winrt;
using namespace winrt::Windows::Foundation;
using namespace winrt::Windows::Foundation::Collections;
using namespace winrt::Windows::ApplicationModel::Background;

namespace PackagedWinMainBackgroundTaskSample
{
    // Background task implementation.
    // {14C5882B-35D3-41BE-86B2-5106269B97E6} is GUID to register this task with BackgroundTaskBuilder. Generate a random GUID before implementing.
    struct __declspec(uuid("14C5882B-35D3-41BE-86B2-5106269B97E6"))
    SampleTask : implements<SampleTask, IBackgroundTask>
    {
        const unsigned int maxPrimeNumber = 1000000000;
        volatile bool isCanceled = false;
        BackgroundTaskDeferral taskDeferral = nullptr;

        void __stdcall Run (_In_ IBackgroundTaskInstance taskInstance)
        {
            taskInstance.Canceled({ this, &SampleTask::OnCanceled });

            taskDeferral = taskInstance.GetDeferral();

            unsigned int currentPrimeNumber = 1;
            while (!isCanceled && (currentPrimeNumber < maxPrimeNumber))
            {
                currentPrimeNumber = GetNextPrime(currentPrimeNumber);
            }

            taskDeferral.Complete();
        }

        void __stdcall OnCanceled (_In_ IBackgroundTaskInstance, _In_ BackgroundTaskCancellationReason)
        {
            isCanceled = true;
        }
    };

    struct TaskFactory : implements<TaskFactory, IClassFactory>
    {
        HRESULT __stdcall CreateInstance (_In_opt_ IUnknown* aggregateInterface, _In_ REFIID interfaceId, _Outptr_ VOID** object) noexcept final
        {
            if (aggregateInterface != nullptr) {
                return CLASS_E_NOAGGREGATION;
            }

            return make<SampleTask>().as(interfaceId, object);
        }

        HRESULT __stdcall LockServer (BOOL) noexcept final
        {
            return S_OK;
        }
    };


    // COM server startup code.
    class SampleTaskServer
    {
    public:
        SampleTaskServer()
        {
            waitHandle = EventWaitHandle(false, EventResetMode::AutoResetEvent);
            comRegistrationToken = 0;
        }

        ~SampleTaskServer()
        {
            Stop();
        }

        void Start()
        {
            try
            {
                com_ptr<IClassFactory> taskFactory = make<TaskFactory>();

                winrt::check_hresult(CoRegisterClassObject(__uuidof(SampleTask),
                                                           taskFactory.get(),
                                                           CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
                                                           REGCLS_MULTIPLEUSE,
                                                           &comRegistrationToken));

                // Either have the background task signal this handle when it completes, or never signal this handle to
                // keep this process as the COM server until the process is closed.
                waitHandle.WaitOne();

            }
            catch (...)
            {
                // Indicate an error has been encountered.
            }
        }

        void Stop()
        {
            if (comRegistrationToken != 0)
            {
                CoRevokeClassObject(comRegistrationToken);
            }

            waitHandle.Set();
        }

    private:
        DWORD comRegistrationToken;
        EventWaitHandle waitHandle;
    };


    // Background task registration code.
    class SampleTaskRegistrar
    {
        public static void Register()
        {
            bool taskRegistered = false;
            std::wstring sampleTaskName = L"SampleTask";
            auto allTasks = BackgroundTaskRegistration::AllTasks();

            for (auto const& task : allTasks)
            {
                if (task.Value().Name() == sampleTaskName)
                {
                    taskRegistered = true;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (!taskRegistered)
            {
                BackgroundTaskBuilder builder;

                builder.Name(sampleTaskName);
                builder.SetTaskEntryPointClsid(__uuidof(SampleTask));
                builder.SetTrigger(TimeTrigger(15, false));
            }

            try
            {
                auto task = builder.Register();
            }
            catch (...)
            {
                // Indicate an error was encountered.
            }
        }
    }

}

using namespace PackagedWinMainBackgroundTaskSample;

// Application entry point.
int wmain(_In_ int argc, _In_reads_(argc) const wchar** argv)
{
    unsigned int argumentIndex;

    winrt::init_apartment();

    if (argc <= 1)
    {
        return E_INVALIDARG;
    }

    for (argumentIndex = 0; argumentIndex < argc ; argumentIndex += 1)
    {
        if (_wcsnicmp(L"RegisterSampleTask",
                      argv[argumentIndex],
                      wcslen(L"RegisterSampleTask")) == 0)
        {
            SampleTaskRegistrar::Register();
        }

        if (_wcsnicmp(L"StartSampleTaskServer",
                      argv[argumentIndex],
                      wcslen(L"StartSampleTaskServer")) == 0)
        {
            SampleTaskServer sampleTaskServer;
            sampleTaskServer.Start();
        }
    }

    return S_OK;
}

Keterangan

Tidak seperti aplikasi UWP yang dapat menjalankan tugas latar belakang dalam siaga modern, aplikasi Win32 tidak dapat menjalankan kode dari fase daya yang lebih rendah dari siaga modern. Lihat Siaga Modern untuk mempelajari selengkapnya.

[! CATATAN] Unduh sampel tugas latar belakang Win32 COM untuk melihat contoh kode serupa dalam konteks aplikasi Desktop Bridge lengkap yang menggunakan tugas latar belakang.

Lihat topik terkait berikut untuk referensi API, panduan konseptual tugas latar belakang, dan instruksi yang lebih rinci untuk menulis aplikasi yang menggunakan tugas latar belakang.

Panduan tugas latar belakang

Referensi API Tugas Latar Belakang