Contoh Pemicu Harian (C++)
Contoh C++ ini menunjukkan cara membuat tugas yang dijadwalkan untuk menjalankan Notepad setiap hari. Tugas berisi pemicu harian yang menentukan batas awal dan interval harian untuk memulai tugas. Contohnya juga menunjukkan cara mengatur pola pengulangan agar pemicu mengulangi tugas. Tugas ini juga berisi tindakan yang menentukan tugas untuk menjalankan Notepad.
Prosedur berikut menjelaskan cara menjadwalkan tugas untuk memulai executable setiap hari.
Untuk menjadwalkan Notepad untuk memulai setiap hari
Inisialisasi COM dan atur keamanan COM umum.
Buat objek ITaskService .
Objek ini memungkinkan Anda membuat tugas dalam folder tertentu.
Dapatkan folder tugas untuk membuat tugas.
Gunakan metode ITaskService::GetFolder untuk mendapatkan folder, dan metode ITaskService::NewTask untuk membuat objek ITaskDefinition .
Tentukan informasi tentang tugas menggunakan objek ITaskDefinition , seperti informasi pendaftaran untuk tugas tersebut.
Gunakan properti RegistrationInfo dari ITaskDefinition dan properti lain dari antarmuka ITaskDefinition untuk menentukan informasi tugas.
Buat pemicu harian menggunakan properti Pemicu ITaskDefinition untuk mengakses antarmuka ITriggerCollection untuk tugas tersebut.
Gunakan metode ITriggerCollection::Create untuk menentukan bahwa Anda ingin membuat pemicu harian. Anda dapat mengatur batas mulai dan interval hari untuk pemicu sehingga tindakan tugas akan dijadwalkan untuk dijalankan pada waktu tertentu pada hari-hari tertentu. Contohnya juga menunjukkan cara mengatur pola pengulangan agar pemicu mengulangi tugas.
Buat tindakan untuk tugas yang akan dijalankan dengan menggunakan properti Tindakan ITaskDefinition untuk mengakses antarmuka IActionCollection untuk tugas tersebut.
Gunakan metode IActionCollection::Create untuk menentukan jenis tindakan yang ingin Anda buat. Contoh ini menggunakan objek IExecAction , yang mewakili tindakan yang menjalankan operasi baris perintah.
Daftarkan tugas menggunakan metode ITaskFolder::RegisterTaskDefinition .
Contoh C++ berikut menunjukkan cara menjadwalkan tugas untuk menjalankan Notepad setiap hari.
/********************************************************************
This sample schedules a task to start on a daily basis.
********************************************************************/
#define _WIN32_DCOM
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <comdef.h>
#include <wincred.h>
// Include the task header file.
#include <taskschd.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "taskschd.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "comsupp.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "credui.lib")
using namespace std;
int __cdecl wmain()
{
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize COM.
HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCoInitializeEx failed: %x", hr );
return 1;
}
// Set general COM security levels.
hr = CoInitializeSecurity(
NULL,
-1,
NULL,
NULL,
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT_PRIVACY,
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,
NULL,
0,
NULL);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCoInitializeSecurity failed: %x", hr );
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Create a name for the task.
LPCWSTR wszTaskName = L"Daily Trigger Test Task";
// Get the windows directory and set the path to notepad.exe.
wstring wstrExecutablePath = _wgetenv( L"WINDIR");
wstrExecutablePath += L"\\SYSTEM32\\NOTEPAD.EXE";
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Create an instance of the Task Service.
ITaskService *pService = NULL;
hr = CoCreateInstance( CLSID_TaskScheduler,
NULL,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_ITaskService,
(void**)&pService );
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("Failed to create an instance of ITaskService: %x", hr);
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Connect to the task service.
hr = pService->Connect(_variant_t(), _variant_t(),
_variant_t(), _variant_t());
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("ITaskService::Connect failed: %x", hr );
pService->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the pointer to the root task folder. This folder will hold the
// new task that is registered.
ITaskFolder *pRootFolder = NULL;
hr = pService->GetFolder( _bstr_t( L"\\") , &pRootFolder );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("Cannot get Root Folder pointer: %x", hr );
pService->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// If the same task exists, remove it.
pRootFolder->DeleteTask( _bstr_t( wszTaskName), 0 );
// Create the task builder object to create the task.
ITaskDefinition *pTask = NULL;
hr = pService->NewTask( 0, &pTask );
pService->Release(); // COM clean up. Pointer is no longer used.
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("Failed to CoCreate an instance of the TaskService class: %x", hr);
pRootFolder->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the registration info for setting the identification.
IRegistrationInfo *pRegInfo= NULL;
hr = pTask->get_RegistrationInfo( &pRegInfo );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get identification pointer: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pRegInfo->put_Author( _bstr_t(L"Author Name") );
pRegInfo->Release(); // COM clean up. Pointer is no longer used.
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put identification info: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the trigger collection to insert the daily trigger.
ITriggerCollection *pTriggerCollection = NULL;
hr = pTask->get_Triggers( &pTriggerCollection );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get trigger collection: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Add the daily trigger to the task.
ITrigger *pTrigger = NULL;
hr = pTriggerCollection->Create( TASK_TRIGGER_DAILY, &pTrigger );
pTriggerCollection->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot create the trigger: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
IDailyTrigger *pDailyTrigger = NULL;
hr = pTrigger->QueryInterface(
IID_IDailyTrigger, (void**) &pDailyTrigger );
pTrigger->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nQueryInterface call on IDailyTrigger failed: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pDailyTrigger->put_Id( _bstr_t( L"Trigger1" ) );
if( FAILED(hr) )
printf("\nCannot put trigger ID: %x", hr);
// Set the task to start daily at a certain time. The time
// format should be YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS(+-)(timezone).
// For example, the start boundary below
// is January 1st 2005 at 12:05
hr = pDailyTrigger->put_StartBoundary( _bstr_t(L"2005-01-01T12:05:00") );
if( FAILED(hr) )
printf("\nCannot put start boundary: %x", hr);
// Set the time when the trigger is deactivated.
hr = pDailyTrigger->put_EndBoundary( _bstr_t(L"2007-05-02T12:05:00") );
if( FAILED(hr) )
printf("\nCannot put the end boundary: %x", hr);
// Define the interval for the daily trigger. An interval of 2 produces an
// every other day schedule
hr = pDailyTrigger->put_DaysInterval( (short)2 );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put days interval: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pDailyTrigger->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Add a repetition to the trigger so that it repeats
// five times.
IRepetitionPattern *pRepetitionPattern = NULL;
hr = pDailyTrigger->get_Repetition( &pRepetitionPattern );
pDailyTrigger->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get repetition pattern: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pRepetitionPattern->put_Duration( _bstr_t(L"PT4M"));
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put repetition duration: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pRepetitionPattern->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pRepetitionPattern->put_Interval( _bstr_t(L"PT1M"));
pRepetitionPattern->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put repetition interval: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Add an action to the task. This task will execute notepad.exe.
IActionCollection *pActionCollection = NULL;
// Get the task action collection pointer.
hr = pTask->get_Actions( &pActionCollection );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get task collection pointer: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Create the action, specifying that it is an executable action.
IAction *pAction = NULL;
hr = pActionCollection->Create( TASK_ACTION_EXEC, &pAction );
pActionCollection->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot create action: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
IExecAction *pExecAction = NULL;
hr = pAction->QueryInterface(
IID_IExecAction, (void**) &pExecAction );
pAction->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nQueryInterface call failed for IExecAction: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Set the path of the executable to notepad.exe.
hr = pExecAction->put_Path( _bstr_t( wstrExecutablePath.c_str() ) );
pExecAction->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put the executable path: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Securely get the user name and password. The task will
// be created to run with the credentials from the supplied
// user name and password.
CREDUI_INFO cui;
TCHAR pszName[CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH] = TEXT("");
TCHAR pszPwd[CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH] = TEXT("");
BOOL fSave;
DWORD dwErr;
cui.cbSize = sizeof(CREDUI_INFO);
cui.hwndParent = NULL;
// Ensure that MessageText and CaptionText identify
// what credentials to use and which application requires them.
cui.pszMessageText = TEXT("Account information for task registration:");
cui.pszCaptionText = TEXT("Enter Account Information for Task Registration");
cui.hbmBanner = NULL;
fSave = FALSE;
// Create the UI asking for the credentials.
dwErr = CredUIPromptForCredentials(
&cui, // CREDUI_INFO structure
TEXT(""), // Target for credentials
NULL, // Reserved
0, // Reason
pszName, // User name
CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH, // Max number for user name
pszPwd, // Password
CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH, // Max number for password
&fSave, // State of save check box
CREDUI_FLAGS_GENERIC_CREDENTIALS | // Flags
CREDUI_FLAGS_ALWAYS_SHOW_UI |
CREDUI_FLAGS_DO_NOT_PERSIST);
if(dwErr)
{
cout << "Did not get credentials." << endl;
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Save the task in the root folder.
IRegisteredTask *pRegisteredTask = NULL;
hr = pRootFolder->RegisterTaskDefinition(
_bstr_t( wszTaskName ),
pTask,
TASK_CREATE_OR_UPDATE,
_variant_t(_bstr_t(pszName)),
_variant_t(_bstr_t(pszPwd)),
TASK_LOGON_PASSWORD,
_variant_t(L""),
&pRegisteredTask);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nError saving the Task : %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
SecureZeroMemory(pszName, sizeof(pszName));
SecureZeroMemory(pszPwd, sizeof(pszPwd));
return 1;
}
printf("\n Success! Task successfully registered. " );
// Clean up
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
pRegisteredTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
SecureZeroMemory(pszName, sizeof(pszName));
SecureZeroMemory(pszPwd, sizeof(pszPwd));
return 0;
}
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