Contoh Pemicu Waktu (C++)
Contoh C++ ini menunjukkan cara membuat tugas yang dijadwalkan untuk menjalankan Notepad pada waktu yang ditentukan. Tugas berisi pemicu berbasis waktu yang menentukan batas awal dan batas akhir untuk tugas tersebut. Tugas ini juga berisi tindakan yang menentukan tugas untuk menjalankan Notepad. Tugas ini terdaftar menggunakan jenis masuk interaktif, yang berarti tugas berjalan di bawah konteks keamanan pengguna yang menjalankan aplikasi. Tugas ini juga berisi pengaturan diam, yang menentukan bagaimana Penjadwal Tugas melakukan tugas ketika komputer dalam kondisi menganggur.
Prosedur berikut menjelaskan cara menjadwalkan tugas untuk memulai executable pada waktu tertentu.
Untuk menjadwalkan Notepad untuk memulai pada waktu tertentu
Inisialisasi COM dan atur keamanan COM umum.
Buat objek ITaskService .
Objek ini memungkinkan Anda membuat tugas dalam folder tertentu.
Dapatkan folder tugas untuk membuat tugas.
Gunakan metode ITaskService::GetFolder untuk mendapatkan folder, dan metode ITaskService::NewTask untuk membuat objek ITaskDefinition .
Tentukan informasi tentang tugas menggunakan objek ITaskDefinition , seperti informasi pendaftaran untuk tugas tersebut.
Gunakan properti RegistrationInfo dari ITaskDefinition dan properti lain dari antarmuka ITaskDefinition untuk menentukan informasi tugas.
Buat pemicu berbasis waktu menggunakan properti Pemicu ITaskDefinition untuk mengakses ITriggerCollection untuk tugas tersebut.
Gunakan metode ITriggerCollection::Create (menentukan jenis pemicu yang ingin Anda buat) untuk membuat pemicu berbasis waktu. Ini memungkinkan Anda untuk mengatur batas awal dan batas akhir untuk pemicu sehingga tindakan tugas akan dijadwalkan untuk dijalankan pada waktu yang ditentukan.
Buat tindakan untuk tugas yang akan dijalankan dengan menggunakan properti Tindakan ITaskDefinition untuk mengakses antarmuka IActionCollection untuk tugas tersebut.
Gunakan metode IActionCollection::Create untuk menentukan jenis tindakan yang ingin Anda buat. Contoh ini menggunakan objek IExecAction , yang mewakili tindakan yang menjalankan operasi baris perintah.
Daftarkan tugas menggunakan metode ITaskFolder::RegisterTaskDefinition .
Contoh C++ berikut menunjukkan cara menjadwalkan tugas untuk menjalankan Notepad satu menit setelah tugas didaftarkan.
/********************************************************************
This sample schedules a task to start notepad.exe 1 minute from the
time the task is registered.
********************************************************************/
#define _WIN32_DCOM
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <comdef.h>
#include <wincred.h>
// Include the task header file.
#include <taskschd.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "taskschd.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "comsupp.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "credui.lib")
using namespace std;
int __cdecl wmain()
{
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize COM.
HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCoInitializeEx failed: %x", hr );
return 1;
}
// Set general COM security levels.
hr = CoInitializeSecurity(
NULL,
-1,
NULL,
NULL,
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT_PRIVACY,
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,
NULL,
0,
NULL);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCoInitializeSecurity failed: %x", hr );
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Create a name for the task.
LPCWSTR wszTaskName = L"Time Trigger Test Task";
// Get the windows directory and set the path to notepad.exe.
wstring wstrExecutablePath = _wgetenv( L"WINDIR");
wstrExecutablePath += L"\\SYSTEM32\\NOTEPAD.EXE";
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Create an instance of the Task Service.
ITaskService *pService = NULL;
hr = CoCreateInstance( CLSID_TaskScheduler,
NULL,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_ITaskService,
(void**)&pService );
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("Failed to create an instance of ITaskService: %x", hr);
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Connect to the task service.
hr = pService->Connect(_variant_t(), _variant_t(),
_variant_t(), _variant_t());
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("ITaskService::Connect failed: %x", hr );
pService->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the pointer to the root task folder. This folder will hold the
// new task that is registered.
ITaskFolder *pRootFolder = NULL;
hr = pService->GetFolder( _bstr_t( L"\\") , &pRootFolder );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("Cannot get Root folder pointer: %x", hr );
pService->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// If the same task exists, remove it.
pRootFolder->DeleteTask( _bstr_t( wszTaskName), 0 );
// Create the task definition object to create the task.
ITaskDefinition *pTask = NULL;
hr = pService->NewTask( 0, &pTask );
pService->Release(); // COM clean up. Pointer is no longer used.
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("Failed to CoCreate an instance of the TaskService class: %x", hr);
pRootFolder->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the registration info for setting the identification.
IRegistrationInfo *pRegInfo= NULL;
hr = pTask->get_RegistrationInfo( &pRegInfo );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get identification pointer: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pRegInfo->put_Author( L"Author Name" );
pRegInfo->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put identification info: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Create the principal for the task - these credentials
// are overwritten with the credentials passed to RegisterTaskDefinition
IPrincipal *pPrincipal = NULL;
hr = pTask->get_Principal( &pPrincipal );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get principal pointer: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Set up principal logon type to interactive logon
hr = pPrincipal->put_LogonType( TASK_LOGON_INTERACTIVE_TOKEN );
pPrincipal->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put principal info: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Create the settings for the task
ITaskSettings *pSettings = NULL;
hr = pTask->get_Settings( &pSettings );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get settings pointer: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Set setting values for the task.
hr = pSettings->put_StartWhenAvailable(VARIANT_TRUE);
pSettings->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put setting information: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Set the idle settings for the task.
IIdleSettings *pIdleSettings = NULL;
hr = pSettings->get_IdleSettings( &pIdleSettings );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get idle setting information: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pIdleSettings->put_WaitTimeout(L"PT5M");
pIdleSettings->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put idle setting information: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the trigger collection to insert the time trigger.
ITriggerCollection *pTriggerCollection = NULL;
hr = pTask->get_Triggers( &pTriggerCollection );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get trigger collection: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Add the time trigger to the task.
ITrigger *pTrigger = NULL;
hr = pTriggerCollection->Create( TASK_TRIGGER_TIME, &pTrigger );
pTriggerCollection->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot create trigger: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
ITimeTrigger *pTimeTrigger = NULL;
hr = pTrigger->QueryInterface(
IID_ITimeTrigger, (void**) &pTimeTrigger );
pTrigger->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nQueryInterface call failed for ITimeTrigger: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pTimeTrigger->put_Id( _bstr_t( L"Trigger1" ) );
if( FAILED(hr) )
printf("\nCannot put trigger ID: %x", hr);
hr = pTimeTrigger->put_EndBoundary( _bstr_t(L"2015-05-02T08:00:00") );
if( FAILED(hr) )
printf("\nCannot put end boundary on trigger: %x", hr);
// Set the task to start at a certain time. The time
// format should be YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS(+-)(timezone).
// For example, the start boundary below
// is January 1st 2005 at 12:05
hr = pTimeTrigger->put_StartBoundary( _bstr_t(L"2005-01-01T12:05:00") );
pTimeTrigger->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot add start boundary to trigger: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Add an action to the task. This task will execute notepad.exe.
IActionCollection *pActionCollection = NULL;
// Get the task action collection pointer.
hr = pTask->get_Actions( &pActionCollection );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get Task collection pointer: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Create the action, specifying that it is an executable action.
IAction *pAction = NULL;
hr = pActionCollection->Create( TASK_ACTION_EXEC, &pAction );
pActionCollection->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot create the action: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
IExecAction *pExecAction = NULL;
// QI for the executable task pointer.
hr = pAction->QueryInterface(
IID_IExecAction, (void**) &pExecAction );
pAction->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nQueryInterface call failed for IExecAction: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Set the path of the executable to notepad.exe.
hr = pExecAction->put_Path( _bstr_t( wstrExecutablePath.c_str() ) );
pExecAction->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put action path: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Save the task in the root folder.
IRegisteredTask *pRegisteredTask = NULL;
hr = pRootFolder->RegisterTaskDefinition(
_bstr_t( wszTaskName ),
pTask,
TASK_CREATE_OR_UPDATE,
_variant_t(),
_variant_t(),
TASK_LOGON_INTERACTIVE_TOKEN,
_variant_t(L""),
&pRegisteredTask);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nError saving the Task : %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
printf("\n Success! Task successfully registered. " );
// Clean up.
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
pRegisteredTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 0;
}
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