Generazione di codice in LINQ to SQL

Articolo
04/10/2024

È possibile generare il codice per rappresentare un database usando Object Relational Designer o lo strumento della riga di comando SQLMetal. In entrambi i casi, si verifica la generazione di codice end-to-end in tre fasi:

L'estrattore DBML estrae le informazioni sullo schema dal database e riassembla le informazioni in un file DBML in formato XML.
Il file DBML viene analizzato dal validator DBML per rilevare la presenza di errori.
Se non sono presenti errori di convalida, il file viene passato al generatore di codice.

Per altre informazioni, vedere SqlMetal.exe (strumento per la generazione del codice). Gli sviluppatori che usano Visual Studio possono usare anche Object Relational Designer per generare codice. Vedere Strumenti di LINQ to SQL in Visual Studio.

Estrattore DBML

L'estrattore DBML è un componente di LINQ to SQL che accetta i metadati del database come input e genera un file DBML come output.

Generatore di codice

Il generatore di codice è un componente LINQ to SQL che converte i file DBML in file di mapping Visual Basic, C# o XML.

File di definizione di XML Schema

Il file di mapping DBML deve essere convalidato in base alla seguente definizione dello schema come file XSD.

È necessario distinguere questo file di definizione dello schema dal file di definizione dello schema usato per convalidare un file di mapping esterno. Per altre informazioni, vedere Mapping esterno).

Nota

Per gli utenti di Visual Studio questo file XSD sarà disponibile nella finestra di dialogo XML Schema come "DbmlSchema.xsd". Per usare correttamente il file XSD per la convalida di un file DBML, vedere Procedura: convalidare file DBML di mapping DBML ed esterni.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>  
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://schemas.microsoft.com/linqtosql/dbml/2007" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/linqtosql/dbml/2007"  
elementFormDefault="qualified" >  
  <xs:element name="Database" type="Database" />  
  <xs:complexType name="Database">  
    <xs:sequence>  
      <xs:element name="Connection" type="Connection" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />  
      <xs:element name="Table" type="Table" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />  
      <xs:element name="Function" type="Function" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />  
    </xs:sequence>  
    <xs:attribute name="Name" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="EntityNamespace" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="ContextNamespace" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Class" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="AccessModifier" type="AccessModifier" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Modifier" type="ClassModifier" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="BaseType" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Provider" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="ExternalMapping" type="xs:boolean" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Serialization" type="SerializationMode" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="EntityBase" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
  </xs:complexType>  
  <xs:complexType name="Table">  
    <xs:all>  
      <xs:element name="Type" type="Type" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />  
      <xs:element name="InsertFunction" type="TableFunction" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />  
      <xs:element name="UpdateFunction" type="TableFunction" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />  
      <xs:element name="DeleteFunction" type="TableFunction" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />  
    </xs:all>  
    <xs:attribute name="Name" type="xs:string" use="required" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Member" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="AccessModifier" type="AccessModifier" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Modifier" type="MemberModifier" use="optional" />  
  </xs:complexType>  
  <xs:complexType name="Type">  
    <xs:sequence>  
      <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">  
        <xs:element name="Column" type="Column" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />  
        <xs:element name="Association" type="Association" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />  
      </xs:choice>  
      <xs:element name="Type" type="Type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />  
    </xs:sequence>  
    <xs:attribute name="IdRef" type="xs:IDREF" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Id" type="xs:ID" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Name" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="InheritanceCode" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="IsInheritanceDefault" type="xs:boolean" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="AccessModifier" type="AccessModifier" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Modifier" type="ClassModifier" use="optional" />  
  </xs:complexType>  
  <xs:complexType name="Column">  
    <xs:attribute name="Name" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Member" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Storage" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="AccessModifier" type="AccessModifier" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Modifier" type="MemberModifier" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Type" type="xs:string" use="required" />  
    <xs:attribute name="DbType" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="IsReadOnly" type="xs:boolean" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="IsPrimaryKey" type="xs:boolean" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="IsDbGenerated" type="xs:boolean" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="CanBeNull" type="xs:boolean" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="UpdateCheck" type="UpdateCheck" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="IsDiscriminator" type="xs:boolean" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Expression" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="IsVersion" type="xs:boolean" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="IsDelayLoaded" type="xs:boolean" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="AutoSync" type="AutoSync" use="optional" />  
  </xs:complexType>  
  <xs:complexType name="Association">  
    <xs:attribute name="Name" type="xs:string" use="required" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Member" type="xs:string" use="required" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Storage" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="AccessModifier" type="AccessModifier" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Modifier" type="MemberModifier" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Type" type="xs:string" use="required" />  
    <xs:attribute name="ThisKey" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="OtherKey" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="IsForeignKey" type="xs:boolean" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Cardinality" type="Cardinality" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="DeleteRule" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="DeleteOnNull" type="xs:boolean" use="optional" />  
  </xs:complexType>  
  <xs:complexType name="Function">  
    <xs:sequence>  
      <xs:element name="Parameter" type="Parameter" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />  
      <xs:choice>  
        <xs:element name="ElementType" type="Type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />  
        <xs:element name="Return" type="Return" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />  
      </xs:choice>  
    </xs:sequence>  
    <xs:attribute name="Name" type="xs:string" use="required" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Id" type="xs:ID" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Method" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="AccessModifier" type="AccessModifier" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Modifier" type="MemberModifier" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="HasMultipleResults" type="xs:boolean" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="IsComposable" type="xs:boolean" use="optional" />  
  </xs:complexType>  
  <xs:complexType name="TableFunction">  
    <xs:sequence>  
      <xs:element name="Argument" type="TableFunctionParameter" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />  
      <xs:element name="Return" type="TableFunctionReturn" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />  
    </xs:sequence>  
    <xs:attribute name="FunctionId" type="xs:IDREF" use="required" />  
    <xs:attribute name="AccessModifier" type="AccessModifier" use="optional" />  
  </xs:complexType>  
  <xs:complexType name="Parameter">  
    <xs:attribute name="Name" type="xs:string" use="required" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Parameter" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Type" type="xs:string" use="required" />  
    <xs:attribute name="DbType" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Direction" type="ParameterDirection" use="optional" />  
  </xs:complexType>  
  <xs:complexType name="Return">  
    <xs:attribute name="Type" type="xs:string" use="required" />  
    <xs:attribute name="DbType" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
  </xs:complexType>  
  <xs:complexType name="TableFunctionParameter">  
    <xs:attribute name="Parameter" type="xs:string" use="required" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Member" type="xs:string" use="required" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Version" type="Version" use="optional" />  
  </xs:complexType>  
  <xs:complexType name="TableFunctionReturn">  
    <xs:attribute name="Member" type="xs:string" use="required" />  
  </xs:complexType>  
  <xs:complexType name="Connection">  
    <xs:attribute name="Provider" type="xs:string" use="required" />  
    <xs:attribute name="Mode" type="ConnectionMode" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="ConnectionString" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="SettingsObjectName" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
    <xs:attribute name="SettingsPropertyName" type="xs:string" use="optional" />  
  </xs:complexType>  
  <xs:simpleType name="ConnectionMode">  
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">  
      <xs:enumeration value="ConnectionString" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="AppSettings" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="WebSettings" />  
    </xs:restriction>  
  </xs:simpleType>  
  <xs:simpleType name="AccessModifier">  
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">  
      <xs:enumeration value="Public" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="Internal" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="Protected" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="ProtectedInternal" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="Private" />  
    </xs:restriction>  
  </xs:simpleType>  
  <xs:simpleType name="UpdateCheck">  
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">  
      <xs:enumeration value="Always" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="Never" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="WhenChanged" />  
    </xs:restriction>  
  </xs:simpleType>  
  <xs:simpleType name="SerializationMode">  
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">  
      <xs:enumeration value="None" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="Unidirectional" />  
    </xs:restriction>  
  </xs:simpleType>  
  <xs:simpleType name="ParameterDirection">  
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">  
      <xs:enumeration value="In" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="Out" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="InOut" />  
    </xs:restriction>  
  </xs:simpleType>  
  <xs:simpleType name="Version">  
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">  
      <xs:enumeration value="Current" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="Original" />  
    </xs:restriction>  
  </xs:simpleType>  
  <xs:simpleType name="AutoSync">  
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">  
      <xs:enumeration value="Never" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="OnInsert" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="OnUpdate" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="Always" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="Default" />  
    </xs:restriction>  
  </xs:simpleType>  
  <xs:simpleType name="ClassModifier">  
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">  
      <xs:enumeration value="Sealed" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="Abstract" />  
    </xs:restriction>  
  </xs:simpleType>  
  <xs:simpleType name="MemberModifier">  
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">  
      <xs:enumeration value="Virtual" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="Override" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="New" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="NewVirtual" />  
    </xs:restriction>  
  </xs:simpleType>  
  <xs:simpleType name="Cardinality">  
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">  
      <xs:enumeration value="One" />  
      <xs:enumeration value="Many" />  
    </xs:restriction>  
  </xs:simpleType>  
</xs:schema>

File DBML di esempio

Il codice seguente è un estratto dal file DBML creato dal database di esempio Northwind. È possibile generare l'intero file usando SQLMetal con l'opzione /xml. Per altre informazioni, vedere SqlMetal.exe (strumento per la generazione del codice).

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>  
<Database Name="northwnd" Class="Northwnd" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/dsltools/DLinqML">  
  
  <Table Name="Customers">  
    <Type Name="Customer">  
      <Column Name="CustomerID" Type="System.String" DbType="NChar(5) NOT NULL" IsPrimaryKey="True" CanBeNull="False" />  
      <Column Name="CompanyName" Type="System.String" DbType="NVarChar(40) NOT NULL" CanBeNull="False" />  
      <Column Name="ContactName" Type="System.String" DbType="NVarChar(30)" CanBeNull="True" />  
      <Column Name="ContactTitle" Type="System.String" DbType="NVarChar(30)" CanBeNull="True" />  
      <Column Name="Address" Type="System.String" DbType="NVarChar(60)" CanBeNull="True" />  
      <Column Name="City" Type="System.String" DbType="NVarChar(15)" CanBeNull="True" />  
      <Column Name="Region" Type="System.String" DbType="NVarChar(15)" CanBeNull="True" />  
      <Column Name="PostalCode" Type="System.String" DbType="NVarChar(10)" CanBeNull="True" />  
      <Column Name="Country" Type="System.String" DbType="NVarChar(15)" CanBeNull="True" />  
      <Column Name="Phone" Type="System.String" DbType="NVarChar(24)" CanBeNull="True" />  
      <Column Name="Fax" Type="System.String" DbType="NVarChar(24)" CanBeNull="True" />  
      <Association Name="FK_CustomerCustomerDemo_Customers" Member="CustomerCustomerDemos" ThisKey="CustomerID" OtherKey="CustomerID" OtherTable="CustomerCustomerDemo" DeleteRule="NO ACTION" />  
      <Association Name="FK_Orders_Customers" Member="Orders" ThisKey="CustomerID" OtherKey="CustomerID" OtherTable="Orders" DeleteRule="NO ACTION" />  
    </Type>  
  </Table>  
</Database>

Vedi anche

Informazioni di base
External Mapping (Mapping esterno)
Procedura: generare il modello a oggetti come file esterno
Download di database di esempio
Riferimento