Procedura: Definire ed eseguire metodi dinamici

Articolo
03/30/2024

Le procedure seguenti illustrano come definire ed eseguire un metodo dinamico semplice e un metodo dinamico associato a un'istanza di una classe. Per altre informazioni sui metodi dinamici, vedere la DynamicMethod classe .

Dichiarare un tipo delegato per l'esecuzione del metodo. È opportuno usare un delegato generico per ridurre al minimo il numero di tipi delegati da dichiarare. Il codice seguente dichiara due tipi delegati, uno dei quali generico, che possono essere usati per il metodo SquareIt.

private: 
    delegate long long SquareItInvoker(int input);

    generic<typename TReturn, typename TParameter0> 
        delegate TReturn OneParameter(TParameter0 p0);

private delegate long SquareItInvoker(int input);

private delegate TReturn OneParameter<TReturn, TParameter0>
    (TParameter0 p0);

Private Delegate Function _
    SquareItInvoker(ByVal input As Integer) As Long

Private Delegate Function _
    OneParameter(Of TReturn, TParameter0) _
    (ByVal p0 As TParameter0) As TReturn

Creare una matrice che specifica i tipi di parametro per il metodo dinamico. In questo esempio poiché l'unico parametro è un int (Integer in Visual Basic), la matrice contiene un solo elemento.
```
array<Type^>^ methodArgs = { int::typeid };
```
```
Type[] methodArgs = {typeof(int)};
```
```
Dim methodArgs As Type() = {GetType(Integer)}
```
Creare un oggetto DynamicMethod. In questo esempio il metodo è denominato SquareIt.

Nota

Non è necessario assegnare un nome ai metodi dinamici poiché non possono essere richiamati per nome. Più metodi dinamici possono avere lo stesso nome. Il nome viene tuttavia visualizzato negli stack delle chiamate e può risultare utile per il debug.

Il tipo del valore restituito è specificato come long. Il metodo è associato al modulo contenente la classe Example in cui è incluso il codice di esempio. È possibile specificare qualsiasi modulo caricato. Il metodo dinamico agisce come un metodo static a livello di modulo (Shared in Visual Basic).
```
DynamicMethod^ squareIt = gcnew DynamicMethod(
    "SquareIt", 
    long long::typeid, 
    methodArgs, 
    Example::typeid->Module);
```
```
DynamicMethod squareIt = new DynamicMethod(
    "SquareIt",
    typeof(long),
    methodArgs,
    typeof(Example).Module);
```
```
Dim squareIt As New DynamicMethod( _
    "SquareIt", _
    GetType(Long), _
    methodArgs, _
    GetType(Example).Module)
```

Creare il corpo del metodo. In questo esempio viene usato un ILGenerator oggetto per generare il linguaggio intermedio comune (CIL). In alternativa, è possibile usare un oggetto DynamicILInfo in combinazione con i generatori di codice non gestito per creare il corpo del metodo per un DynamicMethod.

L'CIL in questo esempio carica l'argomento , ovvero , intnello stack, lo converte in , longduplica longe moltiplica i due numeri. In questo modo il risultato al quadrato rimane nello stack e il metodo termina.

ILGenerator^ il = squareIt->GetILGenerator();
il->Emit(OpCodes::Ldarg_0);
il->Emit(OpCodes::Conv_I8);
il->Emit(OpCodes::Dup);
il->Emit(OpCodes::Mul);
il->Emit(OpCodes::Ret);

ILGenerator il = squareIt.GetILGenerator();
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I8);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Mul);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

Dim il As ILGenerator = squareIt.GetILGenerator()
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)
il.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I8)
il.Emit(OpCodes.Dup)
il.Emit(OpCodes.Mul)
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret)

Creare un'istanza del delegato dichiarato nel primo passaggio che rappresenta il metodo dinamico chiamando il metodo CreateDelegate. La creazione del delegato completa il metodo ed eventuali ulteriori tentativi di modificare il metodo, ad esempio l'aggiunta di altri CIL, vengono ignorati. Il codice seguente crea il delegato e lo richiama usando un delegato generico.

OneParameter<long long, int>^ invokeSquareIt = 
    (OneParameter<long long, int>^)
    squareIt->CreateDelegate(OneParameter<long long, int>::typeid);

Console::WriteLine("123456789 squared = {0}",
    invokeSquareIt(123456789));

OneParameter<long, int> invokeSquareIt =
    (OneParameter<long, int>)
    squareIt.CreateDelegate(typeof(OneParameter<long, int>));

Console.WriteLine("123456789 squared = {0}",
    invokeSquareIt(123456789));

Dim invokeSquareIt As OneParameter(Of Long, Integer) = _
    CType( _
        squareIt.CreateDelegate( _
            GetType(OneParameter(Of Long, Integer))), _
        OneParameter(Of Long, Integer) _
    )

Console.WriteLine("123456789 squared = {0}", _
    invokeSquareIt(123456789))

Dichiarare un tipo delegato per l'esecuzione del metodo. È opportuno usare un delegato generico per ridurre al minimo il numero di tipi delegati da dichiarare. Il codice seguente dichiara un tipo delegato generico che è possibile usare per eseguire qualsiasi metodo con un solo parametro e un valore restituito oppure un metodo con due parametri e un valore restituito se il delegato è associato a un oggetto.
```
generic<typename TReturn, typename TParameter0> 
    delegate TReturn OneParameter(TParameter0 p0);
```
```
private delegate TReturn OneParameter<TReturn, TParameter0>
    (TParameter0 p0);
```
```
Private Delegate Function _
    OneParameter(Of TReturn, TParameter0) _
    (ByVal p0 As TParameter0) As TReturn
```
Creare una matrice che specifica i tipi di parametro per il metodo dinamico. Se il delegato che rappresenta il metodo deve essere associato a un oggetto, il primo parametro deve corrispondere al tipo a cui è associato il delegato. In questo esempio sono presenti due parametri, uno di tipo Example e uno di tipo int (Integer in Visual Basic).
```
array<Type^>^ methodArgs2 = { Example::typeid, int::typeid };
```
```
Type[] methodArgs2 = { typeof(Example), typeof(int) };
```
```
Dim methodArgs2 As Type() = _
    {GetType(Example), GetType(Integer)}
```

Creare un oggetto DynamicMethod. In questo esempio il metodo non ha nome. Il tipo del valore restituito è specificato come int (Integer in Visual Basic). Il metodo ha accesso ai membri privati e protetti della classe Example.

DynamicMethod^ multiplyHidden = gcnew DynamicMethod(
    "", 
    int::typeid, 
    methodArgs2, 
    Example::typeid);

DynamicMethod multiplyHidden = new DynamicMethod(
    "",
    typeof(int),
    methodArgs2,
    typeof(Example));

Dim multiplyPrivate As New DynamicMethod( _
    "", _
    GetType(Integer), _
    methodArgs2, _
    GetType(Example))

Il CIL in questo esempio carica il primo argomento, ovvero un'istanza della Example classe e lo usa per caricare il valore di un campo dell'istanza privata di tipo int. Viene caricato il secondo argomento e viene eseguita la moltiplicazione tra i due numeri. Se il prodotto è maggiore di int, il valore viene troncato e i bit più significativi vengono ignorati. Il metodo termina lasciando il valore restituito nello stack.

ILGenerator^ ilMH = multiplyHidden->GetILGenerator();
ilMH->Emit(OpCodes::Ldarg_0);

FieldInfo^ testInfo = Example::typeid->GetField("test",
    BindingFlags::NonPublic | BindingFlags::Instance);

ilMH->Emit(OpCodes::Ldfld, testInfo);
ilMH->Emit(OpCodes::Ldarg_1);
ilMH->Emit(OpCodes::Mul);
ilMH->Emit(OpCodes::Ret);

ILGenerator ilMH = multiplyHidden.GetILGenerator();
ilMH.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);

FieldInfo testInfo = typeof(Example).GetField("test",
    BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);

ilMH.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, testInfo);
ilMH.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
ilMH.Emit(OpCodes.Mul);
ilMH.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

Dim ilMP As ILGenerator = multiplyPrivate.GetILGenerator()
ilMP.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)

Dim testInfo As FieldInfo = _
    GetType(Example).GetField("test", _
        BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Instance)

ilMP.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, testInfo)
ilMP.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1)
ilMP.Emit(OpCodes.Mul)
ilMP.Emit(OpCodes.Ret)

Creare un'istanza del delegato dichiarato nel primo passaggio che rappresenta il metodo dinamico chiamando l'overload del metodo CreateDelegate(Type, Object). La creazione del delegato completa il metodo ed eventuali ulteriori tentativi di modificare il metodo, ad esempio l'aggiunta di altri CIL, vengono ignorati.

Nota

È possibile chiamare il metodo CreateDelegate più volte per creare delegati associati ad altre istanze del tipo di destinazione.

Il codice seguente associa il metodo a una nuova istanza della classe Example il cui campo di test privato è impostato su 42. In altri termini, ogni volta che viene richiamato il delegato, l'istanza di Example viene passata al primo parametro del metodo.

Viene usato il delegato OneParameter perché il primo parametro del metodo riceve sempre l'istanza di Example. Quando il delegato viene richiamato, sarà necessario solo il secondo parametro.
```
OneParameter<int, int>^ invoke = (OneParameter<int, int>^)
    multiplyHidden->CreateDelegate(
        OneParameter<int, int>::typeid, 
        gcnew Example(42)
    );

Console::WriteLine("3 * test = {0}", invoke(3));
```
```
OneParameter<int, int> invoke = (OneParameter<int, int>)
    multiplyHidden.CreateDelegate(
        typeof(OneParameter<int, int>),
        new Example(42)
    );

Console.WriteLine("3 * test = {0}", invoke(3));
```
```
Dim invoke As OneParameter(Of Integer, Integer) = _
    CType( _
        multiplyPrivate.CreateDelegate( _
            GetType(OneParameter(Of Integer, Integer)), _
            new Example(42) _
        ), _
        OneParameter(Of Integer, Integer) _
    )

Console.WriteLine("3 * test = {0}", invoke(3))
```

Esempio

L'esempio di codice seguente illustra un metodo dinamico semplice e un metodo dinamico associato a un'istanza di una classe.

Il metodo dinamico semplice accetta un unico argomento, un intero a 32 bit, e ne restituisce il quadrato a 64 bit. Per richiamare il metodo, viene usato un delegato generico.

Il secondo metodo dinamico ha due parametri, uno di tipo Example e uno di tipo int (Integer in Visual Basic). Non appena viene creato, il metodo dinamico viene associato a un'istanza di Example usando un delegato generico che ha un unico argomento di tipo int. Il delegato non ha un argomento di tipo Example perché il primo parametro del metodo riceve sempre l'istanza associata di Example. Quando il delegato viene richiamato, viene specificato solo l'argomento int. Questo metodo dinamico accede a un campo privato della classe Example e restituisce il prodotto del campo privato e dell'argomento int.

L'esempio di codice definisce i delegati che possono essere usati per l'esecuzione dei metodi.

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Reflection;
using namespace System::Reflection::Emit;

public ref class Example
{
    // The following constructor and private field are used to
    // demonstrate a method bound to an object.
private:
    int test;
    
public:
    Example(int test) { this->test = test; }

    // Declare delegates that can be used to execute the completed 
    // SquareIt dynamic method. The OneParameter delegate can be 
    // used to execute any method with one parameter and a return
    // value, or a method with two parameters and a return value
    // if the delegate is bound to an object.
    //
private: 
    delegate long long SquareItInvoker(int input);

    generic<typename TReturn, typename TParameter0> 
        delegate TReturn OneParameter(TParameter0 p0);

public:
    static void Main()
    {
        // Example 1: A simple dynamic method.
        //
        // Create an array that specifies the parameter types for the
        // dynamic method. In this example the only parameter is an 
        // int, so the array has only one element.
        //
        array<Type^>^ methodArgs = { int::typeid };

        // Create a DynamicMethod. In this example the method is
        // named SquareIt. It is not necessary to give dynamic 
        // methods names. They cannot be invoked by name, and two
        // dynamic methods can have the same name. However, the 
        // name appears in calls stacks and can be useful for
        // debugging. 
        //
        // In this example the return type of the dynamic method is
        // long long. The method is associated with the module that 
        // contains the Example class. Any loaded module could be
        // specified. The dynamic method is like a module-level
        // static method.
        //
        DynamicMethod^ squareIt = gcnew DynamicMethod(
            "SquareIt", 
            long long::typeid, 
            methodArgs, 
            Example::typeid->Module);

        // Emit the method body. In this example ILGenerator is used
        // to emit the MSIL. DynamicMethod has an associated type
        // DynamicILInfo that can be used in conjunction with 
        // unmanaged code generators.
        //
        // The MSIL loads the argument, which is an int, onto the 
        // stack, converts the int to a long long, duplicates the top
        // item on the stack, and multiplies the top two items on the
        // stack. This leaves the squared number on the stack, and 
        // all the method has to do is return.
        //
        ILGenerator^ il = squareIt->GetILGenerator();
        il->Emit(OpCodes::Ldarg_0);
        il->Emit(OpCodes::Conv_I8);
        il->Emit(OpCodes::Dup);
        il->Emit(OpCodes::Mul);
        il->Emit(OpCodes::Ret);

        // Create a delegate that represents the dynamic method. 
        // Creating the delegate completes the method, and any further 
        // attempts to change the method (for example, by adding more
        // MSIL) are ignored. The following code uses a generic 
        // delegate that can produce delegate types matching any
        // single-parameter method that has a return type.
        //
        OneParameter<long long, int>^ invokeSquareIt = 
            (OneParameter<long long, int>^)
            squareIt->CreateDelegate(OneParameter<long long, int>::typeid);

        Console::WriteLine("123456789 squared = {0}",
            invokeSquareIt(123456789));

        // Example 2: A dynamic method bound to an instance.
        //
        // Create an array that specifies the parameter types for a
        // dynamic method. If the delegate representing the method
        // is to be bound to an object, the first parameter must 
        // match the type the delegate is bound to. In the following
        // code the bound instance is of the Example class. 
        //
        array<Type^>^ methodArgs2 = { Example::typeid, int::typeid };

        // Create a DynamicMethod. In this example the method has no
        // name. The return type of the method is int. The method 
        // has access to the protected and private data of the 
        // Example class.
        //
        DynamicMethod^ multiplyHidden = gcnew DynamicMethod(
            "", 
            int::typeid, 
            methodArgs2, 
            Example::typeid);

        // Emit the method body. In this example ILGenerator is used
        // to emit the MSIL. DynamicMethod has an associated type
        // DynamicILInfo that can be used in conjunction with 
        // unmanaged code generators.
        //
        // The MSIL loads the first argument, which is an instance of
        // the Example class, and uses it to load the value of a 
        // private instance field of type int. The second argument is
        // loaded, and the two numbers are multiplied. If the result
        // is larger than int, the value is truncated and the most 
        // significant bits are discarded. The method returns, with
        // the return value on the stack.
        //
        ILGenerator^ ilMH = multiplyHidden->GetILGenerator();
        ilMH->Emit(OpCodes::Ldarg_0);

        FieldInfo^ testInfo = Example::typeid->GetField("test",
            BindingFlags::NonPublic | BindingFlags::Instance);

        ilMH->Emit(OpCodes::Ldfld, testInfo);
        ilMH->Emit(OpCodes::Ldarg_1);
        ilMH->Emit(OpCodes::Mul);
        ilMH->Emit(OpCodes::Ret);

        // Create a delegate that represents the dynamic method. 
        // Creating the delegate completes the method, and any further 
        // attempts to change the method � for example, by adding more
        // MSIL � are ignored. 
        // 
        // The following code binds the method to a new instance
        // of the Example class whose private test field is set to 42.
        // That is, each time the delegate is invoked the instance of
        // Example is passed to the first parameter of the method.
        //
        // The delegate OneParameter is used, because the first
        // parameter of the method receives the instance of Example.
        // When the delegate is invoked, only the second parameter is
        // required. 
        //
        OneParameter<int, int>^ invoke = (OneParameter<int, int>^)
            multiplyHidden->CreateDelegate(
                OneParameter<int, int>::typeid, 
                gcnew Example(42)
            );

        Console::WriteLine("3 * test = {0}", invoke(3));
    }
};

void main()
{
    Example::Main();
}
/* This code example produces the following output:

123456789 squared = 15241578750190521
3 * test = 126
 */

using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Reflection.Emit;

public class Example
{
    // The following constructor and private field are used to
    // demonstrate a method bound to an object.
    private int test;
    public Example(int test) { this.test = test; }

    // Declare delegates that can be used to execute the completed
    // SquareIt dynamic method. The OneParameter delegate can be
    // used to execute any method with one parameter and a return
    // value, or a method with two parameters and a return value
    // if the delegate is bound to an object.
    //
    private delegate long SquareItInvoker(int input);

    private delegate TReturn OneParameter<TReturn, TParameter0>
        (TParameter0 p0);

    public static void Main()
    {
        // Example 1: A simple dynamic method.
        //
        // Create an array that specifies the parameter types for the
        // dynamic method. In this example the only parameter is an
        // int, so the array has only one element.
        //
        Type[] methodArgs = {typeof(int)};

        // Create a DynamicMethod. In this example the method is
        // named SquareIt. It is not necessary to give dynamic
        // methods names. They cannot be invoked by name, and two
        // dynamic methods can have the same name. However, the
        // name appears in calls stacks and can be useful for
        // debugging.
        //
        // In this example the return type of the dynamic method
        // is long. The method is associated with the module that
        // contains the Example class. Any loaded module could be
        // specified. The dynamic method is like a module-level
        // static method.
        //
        DynamicMethod squareIt = new DynamicMethod(
            "SquareIt",
            typeof(long),
            methodArgs,
            typeof(Example).Module);

        // Emit the method body. In this example ILGenerator is used
        // to emit the MSIL. DynamicMethod has an associated type
        // DynamicILInfo that can be used in conjunction with
        // unmanaged code generators.
        //
        // The MSIL loads the argument, which is an int, onto the
        // stack, converts the int to a long, duplicates the top
        // item on the stack, and multiplies the top two items on the
        // stack. This leaves the squared number on the stack, and
        // all the method has to do is return.
        //
        ILGenerator il = squareIt.GetILGenerator();
        il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
        il.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I8);
        il.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
        il.Emit(OpCodes.Mul);
        il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

        // Create a delegate that represents the dynamic method.
        // Creating the delegate completes the method, and any further
        // attempts to change the method (for example, by adding more
        // MSIL) are ignored. The following code uses a generic
        // delegate that can produce delegate types matching any
        // single-parameter method that has a return type.
        //
        OneParameter<long, int> invokeSquareIt =
            (OneParameter<long, int>)
            squareIt.CreateDelegate(typeof(OneParameter<long, int>));

        Console.WriteLine("123456789 squared = {0}",
            invokeSquareIt(123456789));

        // Example 2: A dynamic method bound to an instance.
        //
        // Create an array that specifies the parameter types for a
        // dynamic method. If the delegate representing the method
        // is to be bound to an object, the first parameter must
        // match the type the delegate is bound to. In the following
        // code the bound instance is of the Example class.
        //
        Type[] methodArgs2 = { typeof(Example), typeof(int) };

        // Create a DynamicMethod. In this example the method has no
        // name. The return type of the method is int. The method
        // has access to the protected and private data of the
        // Example class.
        //
        DynamicMethod multiplyHidden = new DynamicMethod(
            "",
            typeof(int),
            methodArgs2,
            typeof(Example));

        // Emit the method body. In this example ILGenerator is used
        // to emit the MSIL. DynamicMethod has an associated type
        // DynamicILInfo that can be used in conjunction with
        // unmanaged code generators.
        //
        // The MSIL loads the first argument, which is an instance of
        // the Example class, and uses it to load the value of a
        // private instance field of type int. The second argument is
        // loaded, and the two numbers are multiplied. If the result
        // is larger than int, the value is truncated and the most
        // significant bits are discarded. The method returns, with
        // the return value on the stack.
        //
        ILGenerator ilMH = multiplyHidden.GetILGenerator();
        ilMH.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);

        FieldInfo testInfo = typeof(Example).GetField("test",
            BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);

        ilMH.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, testInfo);
        ilMH.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
        ilMH.Emit(OpCodes.Mul);
        ilMH.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

        // Create a delegate that represents the dynamic method.
        // Creating the delegate completes the method, and any further
        // attempts to change the method — for example, by adding more
        // MSIL — are ignored.
        //
        // The following code binds the method to a new instance
        // of the Example class whose private test field is set to 42.
        // That is, each time the delegate is invoked the instance of
        // Example is passed to the first parameter of the method.
        //
        // The delegate OneParameter is used, because the first
        // parameter of the method receives the instance of Example.
        // When the delegate is invoked, only the second parameter is
        // required.
        //
        OneParameter<int, int> invoke = (OneParameter<int, int>)
            multiplyHidden.CreateDelegate(
                typeof(OneParameter<int, int>),
                new Example(42)
            );

        Console.WriteLine("3 * test = {0}", invoke(3));
    }
}
/* This code example produces the following output:

123456789 squared = 15241578750190521
3 * test = 126
 */

Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Reflection.Emit

Public Class Example

    ' The following constructor and private field are used to
    ' demonstrate a method bound to an object.
    '
    Private test As Integer
    Public Sub New(ByVal test As Integer)
        Me.test = test
    End Sub

    ' Declare delegates that can be used to execute the completed 
    ' SquareIt dynamic method. The OneParameter delegate can be 
    ' used to execute any method with one parameter and a return
    ' value, or a method with two parameters and a return value
    ' if the delegate is bound to an object.
    '
    Private Delegate Function _
        SquareItInvoker(ByVal input As Integer) As Long

    Private Delegate Function _
        OneParameter(Of TReturn, TParameter0) _
        (ByVal p0 As TParameter0) As TReturn

    Public Shared Sub Main()

        ' Example 1: A simple dynamic method.
        '
        ' Create an array that specifies the parameter types for the
        ' dynamic method. In this example the only parameter is an 
        ' Integer, so the array has only one element.
        '
        Dim methodArgs As Type() = {GetType(Integer)}

        ' Create a DynamicMethod. In this example the method is
        ' named SquareIt. It is not necessary to give dynamic 
        ' methods names. They cannot be invoked by name, and two
        ' dynamic methods can have the same name. However, the 
        ' name appears in calls stacks and can be useful for
        ' debugging. 
        '
        ' In this example the return type of the dynamic method
        ' is Long. The method is associated with the module that 
        ' contains the Example class. Any loaded module could be
        ' specified. The dynamic method is like a module-level
        ' Shared method.
        '
        Dim squareIt As New DynamicMethod( _
            "SquareIt", _
            GetType(Long), _
            methodArgs, _
            GetType(Example).Module)

        ' Emit the method body. In this example ILGenerator is used
        ' to emit the MSIL. DynamicMethod has an associated type
        ' DynamicILInfo that can be used in conjunction with 
        ' unmanaged code generators.
        '
        ' The MSIL loads the argument, which is an Integer, onto the 
        ' stack, converts the Integer to a Long, duplicates the top
        ' item on the stack, and multiplies the top two items on the
        ' stack. This leaves the squared number on the stack, and 
        ' all the method has to do is return.
        '
        Dim il As ILGenerator = squareIt.GetILGenerator()
        il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)
        il.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I8)
        il.Emit(OpCodes.Dup)
        il.Emit(OpCodes.Mul)
        il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret)

        ' Create a delegate that represents the dynamic method. 
        ' Creating the delegate completes the method, and any further 
        ' attempts to change the method (for example, by adding more
        ' MSIL) are ignored. The following code uses a generic 
        ' delegate that can produce delegate types matching any
        ' single-parameter method that has a return type.
        '
        Dim invokeSquareIt As OneParameter(Of Long, Integer) = _
            CType( _
                squareIt.CreateDelegate( _
                    GetType(OneParameter(Of Long, Integer))), _
                OneParameter(Of Long, Integer) _
            )

        Console.WriteLine("123456789 squared = {0}", _
            invokeSquareIt(123456789))


        ' Example 2: A dynamic method bound to an instance.
        '
        ' Create an array that specifies the parameter types for a
        ' dynamic method. If the delegate representing the method
        ' is to be bound to an object, the first parameter must 
        ' match the type the delegate is bound to. In the following
        ' code the bound instance is of the Example class. 
        '
        Dim methodArgs2 As Type() = _
            {GetType(Example), GetType(Integer)}

        ' Create a DynamicMethod. In this example the method has no
        ' name. The return type of the method is Integer. The method 
        ' has access to the protected and private members of the 
        ' Example class. 
        '
        Dim multiplyPrivate As New DynamicMethod( _
            "", _
            GetType(Integer), _
            methodArgs2, _
            GetType(Example))

        ' Emit the method body. In this example ILGenerator is used
        ' to emit the MSIL. DynamicMethod has an associated type
        ' DynamicILInfo that can be used in conjunction with 
        ' unmanaged code generators.
        '
        ' The MSIL loads the first argument, which is an instance of
        ' the Example class, and uses it to load the value of a 
        ' private instance field of type Integer. The second argument 
        ' is loaded, and the two numbers are multiplied. If the result
        ' is larger than Integer, the value is truncated and the most 
        ' significant bits are discarded. The method returns, with
        ' the return value on the stack.
        '
        Dim ilMP As ILGenerator = multiplyPrivate.GetILGenerator()
        ilMP.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)

        Dim testInfo As FieldInfo = _
            GetType(Example).GetField("test", _
                BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Instance)

        ilMP.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, testInfo)
        ilMP.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1)
        ilMP.Emit(OpCodes.Mul)
        ilMP.Emit(OpCodes.Ret)

        ' Create a delegate that represents the dynamic method. 
        ' Creating the delegate completes the method, and any further 
        ' attempts to change the method  for example, by adding more
        ' MSIL  are ignored. 
        ' 
        ' The following code binds the method to a new instance
        ' of the Example class whose private test field is set to 42.
        ' That is, each time the delegate is invoked the instance of
        ' Example is passed to the first parameter of the method.
        '
        ' The delegate OneParameter is used, because the first
        ' parameter of the method receives the instance of Example.
        ' When the delegate is invoked, only the second parameter is
        ' required. 
        '
        Dim invoke As OneParameter(Of Integer, Integer) = _
            CType( _
                multiplyPrivate.CreateDelegate( _
                    GetType(OneParameter(Of Integer, Integer)), _
                    new Example(42) _
                ), _
                OneParameter(Of Integer, Integer) _
            )

        Console.WriteLine("3 * test = {0}", invoke(3))

    End Sub

End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'123456789 squared = 15241578750190521
'3 * test = 126
'

Vedi anche

DynamicMethod

Procedura: Definire ed eseguire metodi dinamici

Esempio

Vedi anche

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