Azure AI Language の機能である会話言語理解 (CLU) は、LUIS の更新バージョンです。
Bot Framework SDK での言語理解のサポートの詳細については、「自然言語の理解」を参照してください。
ユーザーの真意を会話と文脈から理解する能力は難しいタスクかもしれませんが、より自然な会話の印象をボットに与えることができます。 Language Understanding (LUIS) はクラウドベースの API サービスです。これを使用することで、ボットでユーザーのメッセージの意図が認識され、ユーザーのより自然な言葉が許容され、会話フローがより適切に指示されるようになります。
このコア ボット サンプルでは、空港のフライト予約アプリケーションの例を示しています。 これは LUIS サービスを使用してユーザー入力を認識し、認識した最上位の LUIS の意図を返します。
この言語モデルには、Book Flight、Cancel、None という 3 つの意図が含まれています。 LUIS では、これらの意図を使用して、ユーザーがどのようなつもりでボットにメッセージを送信したかが理解されます。 また、この言語モデルでは、出発地や目的地の空港など、ユーザーの入力から LUIS で抽出できるエンティティも定義します。
LUIS サービスに接続するために、ボットは appsetting.json ファイルに追加された情報をプルします。 FlightBookingRecognizer クラスには、appsetting.json ファイルからのユーザーの設定に関するコードが含まれています。このクラスは、RecognizeAsync メソッドを呼び出すことで LUIS サービスにクエリを実行します。
FlightBookingRecognizer.cs
public class FlightBookingRecognizer : IRecognizer
{
private readonly LuisRecognizer _recognizer;
public FlightBookingRecognizer(IConfiguration configuration)
{
var luisIsConfigured = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(configuration["LuisAppId"]) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(configuration["LuisAPIKey"]) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(configuration["LuisAPIHostName"]);
if (luisIsConfigured)
{
var luisApplication = new LuisApplication(
configuration["LuisAppId"],
configuration["LuisAPIKey"],
"https://" + configuration["LuisAPIHostName"]);
// Set the recognizer options depending on which endpoint version you want to use.
// More details can be found in https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/azure/cognitive-services/luis/luis-migration-api-v3
var recognizerOptions = new LuisRecognizerOptionsV3(luisApplication)
{
PredictionOptions = new Bot.Builder.AI.LuisV3.LuisPredictionOptions
{
IncludeInstanceData = true,
}
};
_recognizer = new LuisRecognizer(recognizerOptions);
}
}
// Returns true if luis is configured in the appsettings.json and initialized.
public virtual bool IsConfigured => _recognizer != null;
public virtual async Task<RecognizerResult> RecognizeAsync(ITurnContext turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
=> await _recognizer.RecognizeAsync(turnContext, cancellationToken);
public virtual async Task<T> RecognizeAsync<T>(ITurnContext turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
where T : IRecognizerConvert, new()
=> await _recognizer.RecognizeAsync<T>(turnContext, cancellationToken);
}
// Extends the partial FlightBooking class with methods and properties that simplify accessing entities in the luis results
public partial class FlightBooking
{
public (string From, string Airport) FromEntities
{
get
{
var fromValue = Entities?._instance?.From?.FirstOrDefault()?.Text;
var fromAirportValue = Entities?.From?.FirstOrDefault()?.Airport?.FirstOrDefault()?.FirstOrDefault();
return (fromValue, fromAirportValue);
}
}
public (string To, string Airport) ToEntities
{
get
{
var toValue = Entities?._instance?.To?.FirstOrDefault()?.Text;
var toAirportValue = Entities?.To?.FirstOrDefault()?.Airport?.FirstOrDefault()?.FirstOrDefault();
return (toValue, toAirportValue);
}
}
// This value will be a TIMEX. And we are only interested in a Date so grab the first result and drop the Time part.
// TIMEX is a format that represents DateTime expressions that include some ambiguity. e.g. missing a Year.
public string TravelDate
=> Entities.datetime?.FirstOrDefault()?.Expressions.FirstOrDefault()?.Split('T')[0];
}
LUIS を使用するには、ご自身のプロジェクトでは、botbuilder ai npm パッケージをインストールする必要があります。
LUIS サービスに接続するために、ボットは、.env ファイルに追加された情報を使用します。 flightBookingRecognizer.js クラスには、.env ファイルからユーザーの設定をインポートするコードが含まれています。また、recognize() メソッドを呼び出すことで LUIS サービスにクエリを実行します。
dialogs/flightBookingRecognizer.js
class FlightBookingRecognizer {
constructor(config) {
const luisIsConfigured = config && config.applicationId && config.endpointKey && config.endpoint;
if (luisIsConfigured) {
// Set the recognizer options depending on which endpoint version you want to use e.g v2 or v3.
// More details can be found in https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/azure/cognitive-services/luis/luis-migration-api-v3
const recognizerOptions = {
apiVersion: 'v3'
};
this.recognizer = new LuisRecognizer(config, recognizerOptions);
}
}
get isConfigured() {
return (this.recognizer !== undefined);
}
/**
* Returns an object with preformatted LUIS results for the bot's dialogs to consume.
* @param {TurnContext} context
*/
async executeLuisQuery(context) {
return await this.recognizer.recognize(context);
}
getFromEntities(result) {
let fromValue, fromAirportValue;
if (result.entities.$instance.From) {
fromValue = result.entities.$instance.From[0].text;
}
if (fromValue && result.entities.From[0].Airport) {
fromAirportValue = result.entities.From[0].Airport[0][0];
}
return { from: fromValue, airport: fromAirportValue };
}
getToEntities(result) {
let toValue, toAirportValue;
if (result.entities.$instance.To) {
toValue = result.entities.$instance.To[0].text;
}
if (toValue && result.entities.To[0].Airport) {
toAirportValue = result.entities.To[0].Airport[0][0];
}
return { to: toValue, airport: toAirportValue };
}
/**
* This value will be a TIMEX. And we are only interested in a Date so grab the first result and drop the Time part.
* TIMEX is a format that represents DateTime expressions that include some ambiguity. e.g. missing a Year.
*/
getTravelDate(result) {
const datetimeEntity = result.entities.datetime;
if (!datetimeEntity || !datetimeEntity[0]) return undefined;
const timex = datetimeEntity[0].timex;
if (!timex || !timex[0]) return undefined;
const datetime = timex[0].split('T')[0];
return datetime;
}
}
LUIS サービスに接続するために、ボットは application.properties ファイルに追加された情報をプルします。 FlightBookingRecognizer クラスには、application.properties ファイルのユーザーの設定に関するコードが含まれています。このクラスは、recognize メソッドを呼び出すことで LUIS サービスにクエリを実行します。
FlightBookingRecognizer.java
/**
* The constructor of the FlightBookingRecognizer class.
*
* @param configuration The Configuration object to use.
*/
public FlightBookingRecognizer(Configuration configuration) {
Boolean luisIsConfigured = StringUtils.isNotBlank(configuration.getProperty("LuisAppId"))
&& StringUtils.isNotBlank(configuration.getProperty("LuisAPIKey"))
&& StringUtils.isNotBlank(configuration.getProperty("LuisAPIHostName"));
if (luisIsConfigured) {
LuisApplication luisApplication = new LuisApplication(
configuration.getProperty("LuisAppId"),
configuration.getProperty("LuisAPIKey"),
String.format("https://%s", configuration.getProperty("LuisAPIHostName"))
);
// Set the recognizer options depending on which endpoint version you want to use.
// More details can be found in
// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/azure/cognitive-services/luis/luis-migration-api-v3
LuisRecognizerOptionsV3 recognizerOptions = new LuisRecognizerOptionsV3(luisApplication);
recognizerOptions.setIncludeInstanceData(true);
this.recognizer = new LuisRecognizer(recognizerOptions);
}
}
/**
* Runs an utterance through a recognizer and returns a generic recognizer result.
*
* @param turnContext Turn context.
* @return Analysis of utterance.
*/
@Override
public CompletableFuture<RecognizerResult> recognize(TurnContext turnContext) {
return this.recognizer.recognize(turnContext);
}
/**
* Gets the From data from the entities which is part of the result.
*
* @param result The recognizer result.
* @return The object node representing the From data.
*/
public ObjectNode getFromEntities(RecognizerResult result) {
String fromValue = "", fromAirportValue = "";
if (result.getEntities().get("$instance").get("From") != null) {
fromValue = result.getEntities().get("$instance").get("From").get(0).get("text")
.asText();
}
if (!fromValue.isEmpty()
&& result.getEntities().get("From").get(0).get("Airport") != null) {
fromAirportValue = result.getEntities().get("From").get(0).get("Airport").get(0).get(0)
.asText();
}
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper().findAndRegisterModules();
ObjectNode entitiesNode = mapper.createObjectNode();
entitiesNode.put("from", fromValue);
entitiesNode.put("airport", fromAirportValue);
return entitiesNode;
}
/**
* Gets the To data from the entities which is part of the result.
*
* @param result The recognizer result.
* @return The object node representing the To data.
*/
public ObjectNode getToEntities(RecognizerResult result) {
String toValue = "", toAirportValue = "";
if (result.getEntities().get("$instance").get("To") != null) {
toValue = result.getEntities().get("$instance").get("To").get(0).get("text").asText();
}
if (!toValue.isEmpty() && result.getEntities().get("To").get(0).get("Airport") != null) {
toAirportValue = result.getEntities().get("To").get(0).get("Airport").get(0).get(0)
.asText();
}
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper().findAndRegisterModules();
ObjectNode entitiesNode = mapper.createObjectNode();
entitiesNode.put("to", toValue);
entitiesNode.put("airport", toAirportValue);
return entitiesNode;
}
/**
* This value will be a TIMEX. And we are only interested in a Date so grab the first result and
* drop the Time part. TIMEX is a format that represents DateTime expressions that include some
* ambiguity. e.g. missing a Year.
*
* @param result A {link RecognizerResult}
* @return The Timex value without the Time model
*/
public String getTravelDate(RecognizerResult result) {
JsonNode datetimeEntity = result.getEntities().get("datetime");
if (datetimeEntity == null || datetimeEntity.get(0) == null) {
return null;
}
JsonNode timex = datetimeEntity.get(0).get("timex");
if (timex == null || timex.get(0) == null) {
return null;
}
String datetime = timex.get(0).asText().split("T")[0];
return datetime;
}
LUIS サービスに接続するために、ボットは、config.py ファイルに追加された情報を使用します。 FlightBookingRecognizer クラスには、config.py ファイルからユーザーの設定をインポートするコードが含まれています。また、recognize() メソッドを呼び出すことで LUIS サービスにクエリを実行します。
flight_booking_recognizer.py
class FlightBookingRecognizer(Recognizer):
def __init__(self, configuration: DefaultConfig):
self._recognizer = None
luis_is_configured = (
configuration.LUIS_APP_ID
and configuration.LUIS_API_KEY
and configuration.LUIS_API_HOST_NAME
)
if luis_is_configured:
# Set the recognizer options depending on which endpoint version you want to use e.g v2 or v3.
# More details can be found in https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/cognitive-services/luis/luis-migration-api-v3
luis_application = LuisApplication(
configuration.LUIS_APP_ID,
configuration.LUIS_API_KEY,
"https://" + configuration.LUIS_API_HOST_NAME,
)
self._recognizer = LuisRecognizer(luis_application)
@property
def is_configured(self) -> bool:
# Returns true if luis is configured in the config.py and initialized.
return self._recognizer is not None
async def recognize(self, turn_context: TurnContext) -> RecognizerResult:
return await self._recognizer.recognize(turn_context)
class LuisHelper:
@staticmethod
async def execute_luis_query(
luis_recognizer: LuisRecognizer, turn_context: TurnContext
) -> (Intent, object):
"""
Returns an object with preformatted LUIS results for the bot's dialogs to consume.
"""
result = None
intent = None
try:
recognizer_result = await luis_recognizer.recognize(turn_context)
intent = (
sorted(
recognizer_result.intents,
key=recognizer_result.intents.get,
reverse=True,
)[:1][0]
if recognizer_result.intents
else None
)
if intent == Intent.BOOK_FLIGHT.value:
result = BookingDetails()
# We need to get the result from the LUIS JSON which at every level returns an array.
to_entities = recognizer_result.entities.get("$instance", {}).get(
"To", []
)
if len(to_entities) > 0:
if recognizer_result.entities.get("To", [{"$instance": {}}])[0][
"$instance"
]:
result.destination = to_entities[0]["text"].capitalize()
else:
result.unsupported_airports.append(
to_entities[0]["text"].capitalize()
)
from_entities = recognizer_result.entities.get("$instance", {}).get(
"From", []
)
if len(from_entities) > 0:
if recognizer_result.entities.get("From", [{"$instance": {}}])[0][
"$instance"
]:
result.origin = from_entities[0]["text"].capitalize()
else:
result.unsupported_airports.append(
from_entities[0]["text"].capitalize()
)
# This value will be a TIMEX. And we are only interested in a Date so grab the first result and drop
# the Time part. TIMEX is a format that represents DateTime expressions that include some ambiguity.
# e.g. missing a Year.
date_entities = recognizer_result.entities.get("datetime", [])
if date_entities:
timex = date_entities[0]["timex"]
if timex:
datetime = timex[0].split("T")[0]
result.travel_date = datetime
else:
result.travel_date = None
except Exception as exception:
print(exception)
return intent, result
