Como criar um formulário mestre/detalhado usando dois controles DataGridView dos Windows Forms

  • Artigo

O exemplo de código a seguir cria um formulário mestre/detalhe usando dois controles vinculados a dois DataGridViewBindingSource componentes. A fonte de dados é uma que contém as tabelas e Orders do banco de dados de exemplo Northwind SQL Server junto com uma DataSetDataRelation que relaciona os dois através da CustomerID coluna.Customers

Um BindingSource deles é vinculado à tabela pai Customers no conjunto de dados. Esses dados são exibidos no controle mestre DataGridView . O outro BindingSource está vinculado ao primeiro conector de dados. A DataMember propriedade do segundo BindingSource é definida como o DataRelation nome. Isso faz com que o controle de detalhes DataGridView associado exiba as linhas da tabela filho Orders que correspondem à linha atual no controle mestre DataGridView .

Para uma explicação completa desse código de exemplo, consulte Instruções passo a passo: criando um formulário mestre/detalhes usando dois controles DataGridView dos Windows Forms.

Exemplo

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Windows.Forms;

public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
    private DataGridView masterDataGridView = new DataGridView();
    private BindingSource masterBindingSource = new BindingSource();
    private DataGridView detailsDataGridView = new DataGridView();
    private BindingSource detailsBindingSource = new BindingSource();

    [STAThreadAttribute()]
    public static void Main()
    {
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    // Initializes the form.
    public Form1()
    {
        masterDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
        detailsDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;

        SplitContainer splitContainer1 = new SplitContainer();
        splitContainer1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
        splitContainer1.Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal;
        splitContainer1.Panel1.Controls.Add(masterDataGridView);
        splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls.Add(detailsDataGridView);

        this.Controls.Add(splitContainer1);
        this.Load += new System.EventHandler(Form1_Load);
        this.Text = "DataGridView master/detail demo";
    }

    private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        // Bind the DataGridView controls to the BindingSource
        // components and load the data from the database.
        masterDataGridView.DataSource = masterBindingSource;
        detailsDataGridView.DataSource = detailsBindingSource;
        GetData();

        // Resize the master DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded data.
        masterDataGridView.AutoResizeColumns();

        // Configure the details DataGridView so that its columns automatically
        // adjust their widths when the data changes.
        detailsDataGridView.AutoSizeColumnsMode =
            DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCells;
    }

    private void GetData()
    {
        try
        {
            // Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a
            // valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
            // database accessible to your system.
            String connectionString =
                "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
                "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";
            SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);

            // Create a DataSet.
            DataSet data = new DataSet();
            data.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;

            // Add data from the Customers table to the DataSet.
            SqlDataAdapter masterDataAdapter = new
                SqlDataAdapter("select * from Customers", connection);
            masterDataAdapter.Fill(data, "Customers");

            // Add data from the Orders table to the DataSet.
            SqlDataAdapter detailsDataAdapter = new
                SqlDataAdapter("select * from Orders", connection);
            detailsDataAdapter.Fill(data, "Orders");

            // Establish a relationship between the two tables.
            DataRelation relation = new DataRelation("CustomersOrders",
                data.Tables["Customers"].Columns["CustomerID"],
                data.Tables["Orders"].Columns["CustomerID"]);
            data.Relations.Add(relation);

            // Bind the master data connector to the Customers table.
            masterBindingSource.DataSource = data;
            masterBindingSource.DataMember = "Customers";

            // Bind the details data connector to the master data connector,
            // using the DataRelation name to filter the information in the
            // details table based on the current row in the master table.
            detailsBindingSource.DataSource = masterBindingSource;
            detailsBindingSource.DataMember = "CustomersOrders";
        }
        catch (SqlException)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
                "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
                "valid for your system.");
        }
    }
}

Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Private masterDataGridView As New DataGridView()
    Private masterBindingSource As New BindingSource()
    Private detailsDataGridView As New DataGridView()
    Private detailsBindingSource As New BindingSource()

    <STAThreadAttribute()> _
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub

    ' Initializes the form.
    Public Sub New()

        masterDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill
        detailsDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill

        Dim splitContainer1 As New SplitContainer()
        splitContainer1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill
        splitContainer1.Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal
        splitContainer1.Panel1.Controls.Add(masterDataGridView)
        splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls.Add(detailsDataGridView)

        Me.Controls.Add(splitContainer1)
        Me.Text = "DataGridView master/detail demo"

    End Sub

    Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
        Handles Me.Load

        ' Bind the DataGridView controls to the BindingSource
        ' components and load the data from the database.
        masterDataGridView.DataSource = masterBindingSource
        detailsDataGridView.DataSource = detailsBindingSource
        GetData()

        ' Resize the master DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded data.
        masterDataGridView.AutoResizeColumns()

        ' Configure the details DataGridView so that its columns automatically
        ' adjust their widths when the data changes.
        detailsDataGridView.AutoSizeColumnsMode = _
            DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCells

    End Sub

    Private Sub GetData()

        Try
            ' Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
            ' valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
            ' database accessible to your system.
            Dim connectionString As String = _
                "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" & _
                "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost"
            Dim connection As New SqlConnection(connectionString)

            ' Create a DataSet.
            Dim data As New DataSet()
            data.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture

            ' Add data from the Customers table to the DataSet.
            Dim masterDataAdapter As _
                New SqlDataAdapter("select * from Customers", connection)
            masterDataAdapter.Fill(data, "Customers")

            ' Add data from the Orders table to the DataSet.
            Dim detailsDataAdapter As _
                New SqlDataAdapter("select * from Orders", connection)
            detailsDataAdapter.Fill(data, "Orders")

            ' Establish a relationship between the two tables.
            Dim relation As New DataRelation("CustomersOrders", _
                data.Tables("Customers").Columns("CustomerID"), _
                data.Tables("Orders").Columns("CustomerID"))
            data.Relations.Add(relation)

            ' Bind the master data connector to the Customers table.
            masterBindingSource.DataSource = data
            masterBindingSource.DataMember = "Customers"

            ' Bind the details data connector to the master data connector,
            ' using the DataRelation name to filter the information in the 
            ' details table based on the current row in the master table. 
            detailsBindingSource.DataSource = masterBindingSource
            detailsBindingSource.DataMember = "CustomersOrders"
        Catch ex As SqlException
            MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " & _
                "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " & _
                "valid for your system.")
        End Try

    End Sub

End Class

Compilando o código

Este exemplo requer:

Referências aos assemblies System, System.Data, System.Windows.Forms e System.XML.

Segurança do .NET Framework

O armazenamento das informações confidenciais, como uma senha, dentro da cadeia de conexão pode afetar a segurança do aplicativo. O uso da Autenticação do Windows (também conhecida como segurança integrada) é uma maneira mais segura de controlar o acesso a um banco de dados. Para obter mais informações, consulte Protegendo informações de conexão.

Confira também