Enumerable.Except Метод

public:
generic <typename TSource>
[System::Runtime::CompilerServices::Extension]
 static System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<TSource> ^ Except(System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<TSource> ^ first, System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<TSource> ^ second);

public static System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> Except<TSource> (this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> first, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> second);

static member Except : seq<'Source> * seq<'Source> -> seq<'Source>

<Extension()>
Public Function Except(Of TSource) (first As IEnumerable(Of TSource), second As IEnumerable(Of TSource)) As IEnumerable(Of TSource)

Параметры типа

Параметры

Возвращаемое значение

IEnumerable<TSource>

Последовательность, представляющая собой разность двух последовательностей как множеств.A sequence that contains the set difference of the elements of two sequences.

Исключения

Примеры

В следующем примере кода показано, как использовать Except<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>) метод для сравнения двух последовательностей чисел и возвращаемых элементов, которые отображаются только в первой последовательности.The following code example demonstrates how to use the Except<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>) method to compare two sequences of numbers and return elements that appear only in the first sequence.

double[] numbers1 = { 2.0, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 };
double[] numbers2 = { 2.2 };

IEnumerable<double> onlyInFirstSet = numbers1.Except(numbers2);

foreach (double number in onlyInFirstSet)
    Console.WriteLine(number);

/*
 This code produces the following output:

 2
 2.1
 2.3
 2.4
 2.5
*/

' Create two arrays of doubles.
Dim numbers1() As Double = { 2.0, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 }
Dim numbers2() As Double = {2.2}

' Select the elements from the first array that are not
' in the second array.
Dim onlyInFirstSet As IEnumerable(Of Double) = numbers1.Except(numbers2)

Dim output As New System.Text.StringBuilder
For Each number As Double In onlyInFirstSet
    output.AppendLine(number)
Next

' Display the output.
Console.WriteLine(output.ToString())

' This code produces the following output:
'
' 2
' 2.1
' 2.3
' 2.4
' 2.5

Если требуется сравнить последовательности объектов какого-либо пользовательского типа данных, необходимо реализовать IEquatable<T> универсальный интерфейс в вспомогательном классе.If you want to compare sequences of objects of some custom data type, you have to implement the IEquatable<T> generic interface in a helper class. В следующем примере кода показано, как реализовать этот интерфейс в пользовательском типе данных, а также GetHashCode в Equals методах переопределения и.The following code example shows how to implement this interface in a custom data type and override GetHashCode and Equals methods.

public class ProductA: IEquatable<ProductA>
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Code { get; set; }

    public bool Equals(ProductA other)
    {
        if (other is null)
            return false;

        return this.Name == other.Name && this.Code == other.Code;
    }

    public override bool Equals(object obj) => Equals(obj as ProductA);
    public override int GetHashCode() => (Name, Code).GetHashCode();
}

Public Class ProductA
    Inherits IEquatable(Of ProductA)

    Public Property Name As String
    Public Property Code As Integer

    Public Function Equals(ByVal other As ProductA) As Boolean
        If other Is Nothing Then Return False
        Return Me.Name = other.Name AndAlso Me.Code = other.Code
    End Function

    Public Overrides Function Equals(ByVal obj As Object) As Boolean
        Return Equals(TryCast(obj, ProductA))
    End Function

    Public Overrides Function GetHashCode() As Integer
        Return (Name, Code).GetHashCode()
    End Function

End Class

После реализации этого интерфейса можно использовать последовательности ProductA объектов в Except<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>) методе, как показано в следующем примере:After you implement this interface, you can use sequences of ProductA objects in the Except<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>) method, as shown in the following example:

ProductA[] fruits1 = { new ProductA { Name = "apple", Code = 9 },
                       new ProductA { Name = "orange", Code = 4 },
                        new ProductA { Name = "lemon", Code = 12 } };

ProductA[] fruits2 = { new ProductA { Name = "apple", Code = 9 } };

//Get all the elements from the first array
//except for the elements from the second array.

IEnumerable<ProductA> except =
    fruits1.Except(fruits2);

foreach (var product in except)
    Console.WriteLine(product.Name + " " + product.Code);

/*
  This code produces the following output:

  orange 4
  lemon 12
*/

Dim fruits1() As Product = 
    {New Product With {.Name = "apple", .Code = 9}, 
     New Product With {.Name = "orange", .Code = 4}, 
     New Product With {.Name = "lemon", .Code = 12}}

Dim fruits2() As Product = 
    {New Product With {.Name = "apple", .Code = 9}}

' Get all the elements from the first array
' except for the elements from the second array.

Dim except = fruits1.Except(fruits2)

For Each product In except
    Console.WriteLine(product.Name & " " & product.Code)
Next

' This code produces the following output:
'
' apple 9
' orange 4
' lemon 12

Комментарии

Этот метод реализуется с помощью отложенного выполнения.This method is implemented by using deferred execution. Немедленное возвращаемое значение — это объект, в котором хранятся все сведения, необходимые для выполнения действия.The immediate return value is an object that stores all the information that is required to perform the action. Запрос, представленный этим методом, не выполняется до тех пор, пока объект не будет перечислен путем вызова GetEnumerator метода напрямую или с foreach помощью в Visual C# или в For Each Visual Basic.The query represented by this method is not executed until the object is enumerated either by calling its GetEnumerator method directly or by using foreach in Visual C# or For Each in Visual Basic.

Компаратор проверки на равенство по умолчанию Default используется для сравнения значений типов.The default equality comparer, Default, is used to compare values of the types. Для сравнения пользовательского типа данных необходимо переопределить Equals GetHashCode методы и, а при необходимости реализовать IEquatable<T> универсальный интерфейс в пользовательском типе.To compare a custom data type, you need to override the Equals and the GetHashCode methods, and optionally implement the IEquatable<T> generic interface in the custom type. Дополнительные сведения см. в описании свойства Default.For more information, see the Default property.

public:
generic <typename TSource>
[System::Runtime::CompilerServices::Extension]
 static System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<TSource> ^ Except(System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<TSource> ^ first, System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<TSource> ^ second, System::Collections::Generic::IEqualityComparer<TSource> ^ comparer);

public static System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> Except<TSource> (this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> first, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> second, System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<TSource> comparer);

public static System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> Except<TSource> (this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> first, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> second, System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<TSource>? comparer);

static member Except : seq<'Source> * seq<'Source> * System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<'Source> -> seq<'Source>

<Extension()>
Public Function Except(Of TSource) (first As IEnumerable(Of TSource), second As IEnumerable(Of TSource), comparer As IEqualityComparer(Of TSource)) As IEnumerable(Of TSource)

Параметры типа

Параметры

Возвращаемое значение

IEnumerable<TSource>

Последовательность, представляющая собой разность двух последовательностей как множеств.A sequence that contains the set difference of the elements of two sequences.

Исключения

Примеры

Если требуется сравнить последовательности объектов какого-либо пользовательского типа данных, необходимо реализовать IEqualityComparer<T> универсальный интерфейс в вспомогательном классе.If you want to compare sequences of objects of some custom data type, you have to implement the IEqualityComparer<T> generic interface in a helper class. В следующем примере кода показано, как реализовать этот интерфейс в пользовательском типе данных и предоставить GetHashCode методы и Equals .The following code example shows how to implement this interface in a custom data type and provide GetHashCode and Equals methods. В следующем примере показано, как реализовать компаратор проверки на равенство, который может использоваться в Except методе.The following example shows how to implement an equality comparer that can be used in the Except method.

public class Product
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Code { get; set; }
}

// Custom comparer for the Product class
class ProductComparer : IEqualityComparer<Product>
{
    // Products are equal if their names and product numbers are equal.
    public bool Equals(Product x, Product y)
    {

        //Check whether the compared objects reference the same data.
        if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, y)) return true;

        //Check whether any of the compared objects is null.
        if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, null) || Object.ReferenceEquals(y, null))
            return false;

        //Check whether the products' properties are equal.
        return x.Code == y.Code && x.Name == y.Name;
    }

    // If Equals() returns true for a pair of objects
    // then GetHashCode() must return the same value for these objects.

    public int GetHashCode(Product product)
    {
        //Check whether the object is null
        if (Object.ReferenceEquals(product, null)) return 0;

        //Get hash code for the Name field if it is not null.
        int hashProductName = product.Name == null ? 0 : product.Name.GetHashCode();

        //Get hash code for the Code field.
        int hashProductCode = product.Code.GetHashCode();

        //Calculate the hash code for the product.
        return hashProductName ^ hashProductCode;
    }
}

Public Class Product
    Public Property Name As String
    Public Property Code As Integer
End Class

' Custom comparer for the Product class
Public Class ProductComparer
    Implements IEqualityComparer(Of Product)

    Public Function Equals1(
        ByVal x As Product, 
        ByVal y As Product
        ) As Boolean Implements IEqualityComparer(Of Product).Equals

        ' Check whether the compared objects reference the same data.
        If x Is y Then Return True

        'Check whether any of the compared objects is null.
        If x Is Nothing OrElse y Is Nothing Then Return False

        ' Check whether the products' properties are equal.
        Return (x.Code = y.Code) AndAlso (x.Name = y.Name)
    End Function

    Public Function GetHashCode1(
        ByVal product As Product
        ) As Integer Implements IEqualityComparer(Of Product).GetHashCode

        ' Check whether the object is null.
        If product Is Nothing Then Return 0

        ' Get hash code for the Name field if it is not null.
        Dim hashProductName = 
            If(product.Name Is Nothing, 0, product.Name.GetHashCode())

        ' Get hash code for the Code field.
        Dim hashProductCode = product.Code.GetHashCode()

        ' Calculate the hash code for the product.
        Return hashProductName Xor hashProductCode
    End Function
End Class

После реализации этого компаратора можно использовать последовательности Product объектов в Except методе, как показано в следующем примере:After you implement this comparer, you can use sequences of Product objects in the Except method, as shown in the following example:

Product[] fruits1 = { new Product { Name = "apple", Code = 9 },
                       new Product { Name = "orange", Code = 4 },
                        new Product { Name = "lemon", Code = 12 } };

Product[] fruits2 = { new Product { Name = "apple", Code = 9 } };

//Get all the elements from the first array
//except for the elements from the second array.

IEnumerable<Product> except =
    fruits1.Except(fruits2, new ProductComparer());

foreach (var product in except)
    Console.WriteLine(product.Name + " " + product.Code);

/*
  This code produces the following output:

  orange 4
  lemon 12
*/

Dim fruits1() As Product = 
    {New Product With {.Name = "apple", .Code = 9}, 
     New Product With {.Name = "orange", .Code = 4}, 
     New Product With {.Name = "lemon", .Code = 12}}

Dim fruits2() As Product = 
    {New Product With {.Name = "apple", .Code = 9}}

' Get all the elements from the first array
' except for the elements from the second array.

Dim except = fruits1.Except(fruits2, New ProductComparer())

For Each product In except
    Console.WriteLine(product.Name & " " & product.Code)
Next

' This code produces the following output:
'
' orange 4
' lemon 12

Комментарии

Если comparer параметр имеет значение null , то Default для сравнения значений используется компаратор проверки на равенство по умолчанию.If comparer is null, the default equality comparer, Default, is used to compare values.