Task.Run 方法

public:
 static System::Threading::Tasks::Task ^ Run(Action ^ action);

public static System.Threading.Tasks.Task Run (Action action);

static member Run : Action -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task

Public Shared Function Run (action As Action) As Task

参数

返回

Task

表示在线程池执行的队列的任务。A task that represents the work queued to execute in the ThreadPool.

例外

示例

下面的示例定义了一个 ShowThreadInfo 方法，该方法显示 Thread.ManagedThreadId 当前线程的。The following example defines a ShowThreadInfo method that displays the Thread.ManagedThreadId of the current thread. 它直接从应用程序线程调用，并从 Action 传递给方法的委托调用 Run(Action) 。It is called directly from the application thread, and is called from the Action delegate passed to the Run(Action) method.

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      ShowThreadInfo("Application");

      var t = Task.Run(() => ShowThreadInfo("Task") );
      t.Wait();
   }

   static void ShowThreadInfo(String s)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{0} Thread ID: {1}",
                        s, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       Application thread ID: 1
//       Task thread ID: 3

Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      ShowThreadInfo("Application")

      Dim t As Task = Task.Run(Sub() ShowThreadInfo("Task") )
      t.Wait()
   End Sub
   
   Private Sub ShowThreadInfo(s As String)
      Console.WriteLine("{0} Thread ID: {1}",
                        s, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId)
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output like the following:
'    Application thread ID: 1
'    Task thread ID: 3

下面的示例与上一个示例类似，不同之处在于它使用 lambda 表达式来定义任务要执行的代码。The following example is similar to the previous one, except that it uses a lambda expression to define the code that the task is to execute.

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      Console.WriteLine("Application thread ID: {0}",
                        Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
      var t = Task.Run(() => {  Console.WriteLine("Task thread ID: {0}",
                                   Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                             } );
      t.Wait();
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       Application thread ID: 1
//       Task thread ID: 3

Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Console.WriteLine("Application thread ID: {0}",
                        Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId)
      Dim t As Task = Task.Run(Sub()
                                  Console.WriteLine("Task thread ID: {0}",
                                                    Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId)
                               End Sub)
      t.Wait()
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output like the following:
'    Application thread ID: 1
'    Task thread ID: 3

示例显示异步任务在与主应用程序线程不同的线程上执行。The examples show that the asynchronous task executes on a different thread than the main application thread.

对方法的调用 Wait 确保任务完成并在应用程序结束之前显示其输出。The call to the Wait method ensures that the task completes and displays its output before the application ends. 否则，该方法可能会在 Main 任务完成前完成。Otherwise, it is possible that the Main method will complete before the task finishes.

下面的示例演示 Run(Action) 方法。The following example illustrates the Run(Action) method. 它定义目录名称的数组，并启动单独的任务以检索每个目录中的文件名。It defines an array of directory names and starts a separate task to retrieve the file names in each directory. 所有任务将文件名写入单个 ConcurrentBag<T> 对象。All tasks write the file names to a single ConcurrentBag<T> object. 然后，该示例调用 WaitAll(Task[]) 方法以确保所有任务都已完成，然后显示写入对象的文件名称总数的计数 ConcurrentBag<T> 。The example then calls the WaitAll(Task[]) method to ensure that all tasks have completed, and then displays a count of the total number of file names written to the ConcurrentBag<T> object.

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      var list = new ConcurrentBag<string>();
      string[] dirNames = { ".", ".." };
      List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>();
      foreach (var dirName in dirNames) {
         Task t = Task.Run( () => { foreach(var path in Directory.GetFiles(dirName)) 
                                       list.Add(path); }  );
         tasks.Add(t);
      }
      Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray());
      foreach (Task t in tasks)
         Console.WriteLine("Task {0} Status: {1}", t.Id, t.Status);
         
      Console.WriteLine("Number of files read: {0}", list.Count);
   }
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//       Task 1 Status: RanToCompletion
//       Task 2 Status: RanToCompletion
//       Number of files read: 23

Imports System.Collections.Concurrent
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim list As New ConcurrentBag(Of String)()
      Dim dirNames() As String = { ".", ".." }
      Dim tasks As New List(Of Task)()
      For Each dirName In dirNames 
         Dim t As Task = Task.Run( Sub()
                                      For Each path In Directory.GetFiles(dirName) 
                                         list.Add(path)
                                      Next
                                   End Sub  )
         tasks.Add(t)
      Next
      Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray())
      For Each t In tasks
         Console.WriteLine("Task {0} Status: {1}", t.Id, t.Status)
      Next   
      Console.WriteLine("Number of files read: {0}", list.Count)
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output like the following:
'       Task 1 Status: RanToCompletion
'       Task 2 Status: RanToCompletion
'       Number of files read: 23

注解

Run方法允许您在单个方法调用中创建和执行任务，这是方法的更简单的替代方法 StartNew 。The Run method allows you to create and execute a task in a single method call and is a simpler alternative to the StartNew method. 它使用以下默认值创建任务：It creates a task with the following default values:

• 其取消标记为 CancellationToken.None 。Its cancellation token is CancellationToken.None.

• 其 CreationOptions 属性值为 TaskCreationOptions.DenyChildAttach 。Its CreationOptions property value is TaskCreationOptions.DenyChildAttach.

• 它使用默认的任务计划程序。It uses the default task scheduler.

有关处理任务操作引发的异常的信息，请参阅 异常处理。For information on handling exceptions thrown by task operations, see Exception Handling.

另请参阅

• 异常处理（任务并行库）Exception Handling (Task Parallel Library)

public:
 static System::Threading::Tasks::Task ^ Run(Func<System::Threading::Tasks::Task ^> ^ function);

public static System.Threading.Tasks.Task Run (Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task> function);

public static System.Threading.Tasks.Task Run (Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task>? function);

static member Run : Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task> -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task

Public Shared Function Run (function As Func(Of Task)) As Task

参数

返回

Task

表示由 function 返回的任务代理的任务。A task that represents a proxy for the task returned by function.

例外

注解

有关处理任务操作引发的异常的信息，请参阅 异常处理。For information on handling exceptions thrown by task operations, see Exception Handling.

另请参阅

• 异常处理（任务并行库）Exception Handling (Task Parallel Library)

public:
 static System::Threading::Tasks::Task ^ Run(Action ^ action, System::Threading::CancellationToken cancellationToken);

public static System.Threading.Tasks.Task Run (Action action, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken);

static member Run : Action * System.Threading.CancellationToken -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task

Public Shared Function Run (action As Action, cancellationToken As CancellationToken) As Task

参数

返回

Task

一个任务，它表示在线程池中排队等待执行的工作。A task that represents the work queued to execute in the thread pool.

例外

示例

下面的示例调用 Run(Action, CancellationToken) 方法，以创建一个循环访问 C:\Windows\System32 目录中的文件的任务。The following example calls the Run(Action, CancellationToken) method to create a task that iterates the files in the C:\Windows\System32 directory. Lambda 表达式调用 Parallel.ForEach 方法，将有关每个文件的信息添加到 List<T> 对象。The lambda expression calls the Parallel.ForEach method to add information about each file to a List<T> object. 循环调用的每个分离的嵌套任务会 Parallel.ForEach 检查取消标记的状态，如果请求取消，则调用 CancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested 方法。Each detached nested task invoked by the Parallel.ForEach loop checks the state of the cancellation token and, if cancellation is requested, calls the CancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested method. CancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested OperationCanceledException catch 当调用线程调用方法时，方法将引发在块中处理的异常 Task.Wait 。The CancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested method throws an OperationCanceledException exception that is handled in a catch block when the calling thread calls the Task.Wait method.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static async Task Main()
   {
      var tokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
      var token = tokenSource.Token;
      var files = new List<Tuple<string, string, long, DateTime>>();

      var t = Task.Run( () => { string dir = "C:\\Windows\\System32\\";
                                object obj = new Object();
                                if (Directory.Exists(dir)) {
                                   Parallel.ForEach(Directory.GetFiles(dir),
                                   f => {
                                           if (token.IsCancellationRequested)
                                              token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
                                           var fi = new FileInfo(f);
                                           lock(obj) {
                                              files.Add(Tuple.Create(fi.Name, fi.DirectoryName, fi.Length, fi.LastWriteTimeUtc));          
                                           }
                                      });
                                 }
                              }
                        , token);
      await Task.Yield();
      tokenSource.Cancel();
      try {
         await t;
         Console.WriteLine("Retrieved information for {0} files.", files.Count);
      }
      catch (AggregateException e) {
         Console.WriteLine("Exception messages:");
         foreach (var ie in e.InnerExceptions)
            Console.WriteLine("   {0}: {1}", ie.GetType().Name, ie.Message);

         Console.WriteLine("\nTask status: {0}", t.Status);       
      }
      finally {
         tokenSource.Dispose();
      }
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       Exception messages:
//          TaskCanceledException: A task was canceled.
//          TaskCanceledException: A task was canceled.
//          ...
//       
//       Task status: Canceled

Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim tokenSource As New CancellationTokenSource()
      Dim token As CancellationToken = tokenSource.Token
      Dim files As New List(Of Tuple(Of String, String, Long, Date))()

      Dim t As Task = Task.Run( Sub()
                                   Dim dir As String = "C:\Windows\System32\"
                                   Dim obj As New Object()
                                   If Directory.Exists(dir)Then
                                      Parallel.ForEach(Directory.GetFiles(dir), 
                                         Sub(f)
                                            If token.IsCancellationRequested Then
                                               token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested()
                                            End If  
                                            Dim fi As New FileInfo(f)
                                            SyncLock(obj)
                                              files.Add(Tuple.Create(fi.Name, fi.DirectoryName, fi.Length, fi.LastWriteTimeUtc))          
                                            End SyncLock
                                         End Sub)
                                   End If
                                End Sub, token)
      tokenSource.Cancel()
      Try
         t.Wait() 
         Console.WriteLine("Retrieved information for {0} files.", files.Count)
      Catch e As AggregateException
         Console.WriteLine("Exception messages:")
         For Each ie As Exception In e.InnerExceptions
            Console.WriteLine("   {0}:{1}", ie.GetType().Name, ie.Message)
         Next
         Console.WriteLine()
         Console.WriteLine("Task status: {0}", t.Status)       
      Finally
         tokenSource.Dispose()
      End Try
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       Exception messages:
'          TaskCanceledException: A task was canceled.
'       
'       Task status: Canceled

注解

如果在任务开始执行之前请求取消，则不执行该任务。If cancellation is requested before the task begins execution, the task does not execute. 而是设置为 Canceled 状态，并引发 TaskCanceledException 异常。Instead it is set to the Canceled state and throws a TaskCanceledException exception.

Run(Action, CancellationToken)方法是方法的更简单的替代方法 TaskFactory.StartNew(Action, CancellationToken) 。The Run(Action, CancellationToken) method is a simpler alternative to the TaskFactory.StartNew(Action, CancellationToken) method. 它使用以下默认值创建任务：It creates a task with the following default values:

• 其 CreationOptions 属性值为 TaskCreationOptions.DenyChildAttach 。Its CreationOptions property value is TaskCreationOptions.DenyChildAttach.

• 它使用默认的任务计划程序。It uses the default task scheduler.

有关处理任务操作引发的异常的信息，请参阅 异常处理。For information on handling exceptions thrown by task operations, see Exception Handling.

另请参阅

• 异常处理（任务并行库）Exception Handling (Task Parallel Library)

public:
 static System::Threading::Tasks::Task ^ Run(Func<System::Threading::Tasks::Task ^> ^ function, System::Threading::CancellationToken cancellationToken);

public static System.Threading.Tasks.Task Run (Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task> function, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken);

public static System.Threading.Tasks.Task Run (Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task>? function, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken);

static member Run : Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task> * System.Threading.CancellationToken -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task

Public Shared Function Run (function As Func(Of Task), cancellationToken As CancellationToken) As Task

参数

返回

Task

表示由 function 返回的任务代理的任务。A task that represents a proxy for the task returned by function.

例外

注解

有关处理任务操作引发的异常的信息，请参阅 异常处理。For information on handling exceptions thrown by task operations, see Exception Handling.

另请参阅

• 任务取消Task Cancellation
• 异常处理（任务并行库）Exception Handling (Task Parallel Library)

public:
generic <typename TResult>
 static System::Threading::Tasks::Task<TResult> ^ Run(Func<TResult> ^ function, System::Threading::CancellationToken cancellationToken);

public static System.Threading.Tasks.Task<TResult> Run<TResult> (Func<TResult> function, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken);

static member Run : Func<'Result> * System.Threading.CancellationToken -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task<'Result>

Public Shared Function Run(Of TResult) (function As Func(Of TResult), cancellationToken As CancellationToken) As Task(Of TResult)

类型参数

参数

返回

Task<TResult>

一个 Task(TResult)，它表示在线程池中排队等待执行的工作。A Task(TResult) that represents the work queued to execute in the thread pool.

例外

示例

下面的示例创建了20个任务，这些任务将循环，直到计数器的值递增为2000000。The following example creates 20 tasks that will loop until a counter is incremented to a value of 2 million. 当前10个任务达到2000000时，取消标记将被取消，并且任何其计数器未达到2000000的任务都将被取消。When the first 10 tasks reach 2 million, the cancellation token is cancelled, and any tasks whose counters have not reached 2 million are cancelled. 该示例显示可能的输出。The example shows possible output.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      var tasks = new List<Task<int>>();
      var source = new CancellationTokenSource();
      var token = source.Token;
      int completedIterations = 0;

      for (int n = 0; n <= 19; n++)
         tasks.Add(Task.Run( () => { int iterations = 0;
                                     for (int ctr = 1; ctr <= 2000000; ctr++) {
                                         token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
                                         iterations++;
                                     }
                                     Interlocked.Increment(ref completedIterations);
                                     if (completedIterations >= 10)
                                        source.Cancel();
                                     return iterations; }, token));

      Console.WriteLine("Waiting for the first 10 tasks to complete...\n");
      try  {
         Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray());
      }
      catch (AggregateException) {
         Console.WriteLine("Status of tasks:\n");
         Console.WriteLine("{0,10} {1,20} {2,14:N0}", "Task Id",
                           "Status", "Iterations");
         foreach (var t in tasks)
            Console.WriteLine("{0,10} {1,20} {2,14}",
                              t.Id, t.Status,
                              t.Status != TaskStatus.Canceled ? t.Result.ToString("N0") : "n/a");
      }
   }
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//    Waiting for the first 10 tasks to complete...
//    Status of tasks:
//
//       Task Id               Status     Iterations
//             1      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             2      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             3      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             4      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             5      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             6      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             7      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             8      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             9      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//            10             Canceled            n/a
//            11             Canceled            n/a
//            12             Canceled            n/a
//            13             Canceled            n/a
//            14             Canceled            n/a
//            15             Canceled            n/a
//            16      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//            17             Canceled            n/a
//            18             Canceled            n/a
//            19             Canceled            n/a
//            20             Canceled            n/a

Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Module Example

   Public Sub Main()
      Dim tasks As New List(Of Task(Of Integer))()
      Dim source As New CancellationTokenSource
      Dim token As CancellationToken = source.Token
      Dim completedIterations As Integer = 0
      
      For n As Integer = 0 To 19
         tasks.Add(Task.Run( Function()
                                Dim iterations As Integer= 0
                                For ctr As Long = 1 To 2000000
                                   token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested()
                                   iterations += 1
                                Next
                                Interlocked.Increment(completedIterations)
                                If completedIterations >= 10 Then source.Cancel()
                                Return iterations
                             End Function, token))
      Next

      Console.WriteLine("Waiting for the first 10 tasks to complete... ")
      Try
         Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray())
      Catch e As AggregateException
         Console.WriteLine("Status of tasks:")
         Console.WriteLine()
         Console.WriteLine("{0,10} {1,20} {2,14}", "Task Id",
                           "Status", "Iterations")
         For Each t In tasks
            Console.WriteLine("{0,10} {1,20} {2,14}",
                              t.Id, t.Status,
                              If(t.Status <> TaskStatus.Canceled,
                                 t.Result.ToString("N0"), "n/a"))
         Next
      End Try
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output like the following:
'    Waiting for the first 10 tasks to complete...
'    Status of tasks:
'
'       Task Id               Status     Iterations
'             1      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             2      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             3      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             4      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             5      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             6      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             7      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             8      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             9      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'            10             Canceled            n/a
'            11             Canceled            n/a
'            12             Canceled            n/a
'            13             Canceled            n/a
'            14             Canceled            n/a
'            15             Canceled            n/a
'            16      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'            17             Canceled            n/a
'            18             Canceled            n/a
'            19             Canceled            n/a
'            20             Canceled            n/a

InnerExceptions该示例将循环访问所有任务来确定哪些任务已成功完成且已取消，而不是使用属性检查异常。Instead of using the InnerExceptions property to examine exceptions, the example iterates all tasks to determine which have completed successfully and which have been cancelled. 对于已完成的，它会显示任务返回的值。For those that have completed, it displays the value returned by the task.

由于取消是协作性的，因此每个任务都可以决定如何响应取消。Because cancellation is cooperative, each task can decide how to respond to cancellation. 下面的示例与第一个示例类似，不同之处在于，在取消标记后，任务返回已完成的迭代数，而不是引发异常。The following example is like the first, except that, once the token is cancelled, tasks return the number of iterations they've completed rather than throw an exception.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      var tasks = new List<Task<int>>();
      var source = new CancellationTokenSource();
      var token = source.Token;
      int completedIterations = 0;

      for (int n = 0; n <= 19; n++)
         tasks.Add(Task.Run( () => { int iterations = 0;
                                     for (int ctr = 1; ctr <= 2000000; ctr++) {
                                         if (token.IsCancellationRequested)
                                            return iterations;
                                         iterations++;
                                     }
                                     Interlocked.Increment(ref completedIterations);
                                     if (completedIterations >= 10)
                                        source.Cancel();
                                     return iterations; }, token));

      Console.WriteLine("Waiting for the first 10 tasks to complete...\n");
      try  {
         Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray());
      }
      catch (AggregateException) {
         Console.WriteLine("Status of tasks:\n");
         Console.WriteLine("{0,10} {1,20} {2,14:N0}", "Task Id",
                           "Status", "Iterations");
         foreach (var t in tasks)
            Console.WriteLine("{0,10} {1,20} {2,14}",
                              t.Id, t.Status,
                              t.Status != TaskStatus.Canceled ? t.Result.ToString("N0") : "n/a");
      }
   }
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//    Status of tasks:
//
//       Task Id               Status     Iterations
//             1      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             2      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             3      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             4      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             5      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             6      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             7      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             8      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//             9      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//            10      RanToCompletion      1,658,326
//            11      RanToCompletion      1,988,506
//            12      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
//            13      RanToCompletion      1,942,246
//            14      RanToCompletion        950,108
//            15      RanToCompletion      1,837,832
//            16      RanToCompletion      1,687,182
//            17      RanToCompletion        194,548
//            18             Canceled    Not Started
//            19             Canceled    Not Started
//            20             Canceled    Not Started

Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Module Example

   Public Sub Main()
      Dim tasks As New List(Of Task(Of Integer))()
      Dim source As New CancellationTokenSource
      Dim token As CancellationToken = source.Token
      Dim completedIterations As Integer = 0
      
      For n As Integer = 0 To 19
         tasks.Add(Task.Run( Function()
                                Dim iterations As Integer= 0
                                For ctr As Long = 1 To 2000000
                                   If token.IsCancellationRequested Then
                                      Return iterations
                                   End If
                                   iterations += 1
                                Next
                                Interlocked.Increment(completedIterations)
                                If completedIterations >= 10 Then source.Cancel()
                                Return iterations
                             End Function, token))
      Next

      Try
         Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray())
      Catch e As AggregateException
         Console.WriteLine("Status of tasks:")
         Console.WriteLine()
         Console.WriteLine("{0,10} {1,20} {2,14:N0}", "Task Id",
                           "Status", "Iterations")
         For Each t In tasks
            Console.WriteLine("{0,10} {1,20} {2,14}",
                              t.Id, t.Status,
                              If(t.Status <> TaskStatus.Canceled,
                                 t.Result.ToString("N0"), "Not Started"))
         Next
      End Try
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output like the following:
'    Status of tasks:
'
'       Task Id               Status     Iterations
'             1      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             2      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             3      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             4      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             5      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             6      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             7      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             8      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'             9      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'            10      RanToCompletion      1,658,326
'            11      RanToCompletion      1,988,506
'            12      RanToCompletion      2,000,000
'            13      RanToCompletion      1,942,246
'            14      RanToCompletion        950,108
'            15      RanToCompletion      1,837,832
'            16      RanToCompletion      1,687,182
'            17      RanToCompletion        194,548
'            18             Canceled    Not Started
'            19             Canceled    Not Started
'            20             Canceled    Not Started

该示例仍必须处理 AggregateException 异常，因为请求取消时未启动的任何任务仍会引发异常。The example still must handle the AggregateException exception, since any tasks that have not started when cancellation is requested still throw an exception.

注解

如果在任务开始执行之前请求取消，则不执行该任务。If cancellation is requested before the task begins execution, the task does not execute. 而是设置为 Canceled 状态，并引发 TaskCanceledException 异常。Instead it is set to the Canceled state and throws a TaskCanceledException exception.

Run方法是方法的更简单的替代方法 StartNew 。The Run method is a simpler alternative to the StartNew method. 它使用以下默认值创建任务：It creates a task with the following default values:

• 其 CreationOptions 属性值为 TaskCreationOptions.DenyChildAttach 。Its CreationOptions property value is TaskCreationOptions.DenyChildAttach.

• 它使用默认的任务计划程序。It uses the default task scheduler.

有关处理任务操作引发的异常的信息，请参阅 异常处理。For information on handling exceptions thrown by task operations, see Exception Handling.

另请参阅

• 任务取消Task Cancellation
• 异常处理（任务并行库）Exception Handling (Task Parallel Library)

public:
generic <typename TResult>
 static System::Threading::Tasks::Task<TResult> ^ Run(Func<System::Threading::Tasks::Task<TResult> ^> ^ function, System::Threading::CancellationToken cancellationToken);

public static System.Threading.Tasks.Task<TResult> Run<TResult> (Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task<TResult>> function, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken);

public static System.Threading.Tasks.Task<TResult> Run<TResult> (Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task<TResult>>? function, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken);

static member Run : Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task<'Result>> * System.Threading.CancellationToken -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task<'Result>

Public Shared Function Run(Of TResult) (function As Func(Of Task(Of TResult)), cancellationToken As CancellationToken) As Task(Of TResult)

类型参数

参数

返回

Task<TResult>

表示由 Task(TResult) 返回的 Task(TResult) 的代理的 function。A Task(TResult) that represents a proxy for the Task(TResult) returned by function.

例外

注解

有关处理任务操作引发的异常的信息，请参阅 异常处理。For information on handling exceptions thrown by task operations, see Exception Handling.

另请参阅

• 任务取消Task Cancellation
• 异常处理（任务并行库）Exception Handling (Task Parallel Library)

public:
generic <typename TResult>
 static System::Threading::Tasks::Task<TResult> ^ Run(Func<TResult> ^ function);

public static System.Threading.Tasks.Task<TResult> Run<TResult> (Func<TResult> function);

static member Run : Func<'Result> -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task<'Result>

Public Shared Function Run(Of TResult) (function As Func(Of TResult)) As Task(Of TResult)

类型参数

参数

返回

Task<TResult>

表示在线程池中排队执行的工作的任务对象。A task object that represents the work queued to execute in the thread pool.

例外

示例

下面的示例对表示已发布书籍的文本文件中的单词的近似数目进行计数。The following example counts the approximate number of words in text files that represent published books. 每个任务都负责打开文件，异步读取其全部内容，并使用正则表达式计算单词计数。Each task is responsible for opening a file, reading its entire contents asynchronously, and calculating the word count by using a regular expression. WaitAll(Task[])调用方法以确保所有任务都已完成，然后在控制台中显示每本书的字数。The WaitAll(Task[]) method is called to ensure that all tasks have completed before displaying the word count of each book to the console.

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string pattern = @"\p{P}*\s+";
      string[] titles = { "Sister Carrie", "The Financier" };
      Task<int>[] tasks = new Task<int>[titles.Length];

      for (int ctr = 0; ctr < titles.Length; ctr++) {
         string s = titles[ctr];
         tasks[ctr] = Task.Run( () => {
                                   // Number of words.
                                   int nWords = 0;
                                   // Create filename from title.
                                   string fn = s + ".txt";
                                   if (File.Exists(fn)) {
                                      StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(fn);
                                      string input = sr.ReadToEndAsync().Result;
                                      nWords = Regex.Matches(input, pattern).Count;
                                   }
                                   return nWords;
                                } );
      }
      Task.WaitAll(tasks);

      Console.WriteLine("Word Counts:\n");
      for (int ctr = 0; ctr < titles.Length; ctr++)
         Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1,10:N0} words", titles[ctr], tasks[ctr].Result);
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       Sister Carrie:    159,374 words
//       The Financier:    196,362 words

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions
Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim pattern As String = "\p{P}*\s+"
      Dim titles() As String = { "Sister Carrie",
                                 "The Financier" }
      Dim tasks(titles.Length - 1) As Task(Of Integer)

      For ctr As Integer = 0 To titles.Length - 1
         Dim s As String = titles(ctr)
         tasks(ctr) = Task.Run( Function()
                                   ' Number of words.
                                   Dim nWords As Integer = 0
                                   ' Create filename from title.
                                   Dim fn As String = s + ".txt"
                                   If File.Exists(fn) Then
                                      Dim sr As New StreamReader(fn)
                                      Dim input As String = sr.ReadToEndAsync().Result
                                      nWords = Regex.Matches(input, pattern).Count
                                   End If
                                   Return nWords
                                End Function)
      Next
      Task.WaitAll(tasks)

      Console.WriteLine("Word Counts:")
      Console.WriteLine()
      For ctr As Integer = 0 To titles.Length - 1
         Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1,10:N0} words", titles(ctr), tasks(ctr).Result)
      Next
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       Sister Carrie:    159,374 words
'       The Financier:    196,362 words

正则表达式 \p{P}*\s+ 匹配后跟一个或多个空白字符的零个、一个或多个标点符号字符。The regular expression \p{P}*\s+ matches zero, one, or more punctuation characters followed by one or more white-space characters. 它假定匹配项总数等于大致单词计数。It assumes that the total number of matches equals the approximate word count.

注解

Run方法是方法的更简单的替代方法 TaskFactory.StartNew(Action) 。The Run method is a simpler alternative to the TaskFactory.StartNew(Action) method. 它使用以下默认值创建任务：It creates a task with the following default values:

• 其取消标记为 CancellationToken.None 。Its cancellation token is CancellationToken.None.

• 其 CreationOptions 属性值为 TaskCreationOptions.DenyChildAttach 。Its CreationOptions property value is TaskCreationOptions.DenyChildAttach.

• 它使用默认的任务计划程序。It uses the default task scheduler.

有关处理任务操作引发的异常的信息，请参阅 异常处理。For information on handling exceptions thrown by task operations, see Exception Handling.

另请参阅

• 异常处理（任务并行库）Exception Handling (Task Parallel Library)

public:
generic <typename TResult>
 static System::Threading::Tasks::Task<TResult> ^ Run(Func<System::Threading::Tasks::Task<TResult> ^> ^ function);

public static System.Threading.Tasks.Task<TResult> Run<TResult> (Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task<TResult>> function);

public static System.Threading.Tasks.Task<TResult> Run<TResult> (Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task<TResult>>? function);

static member Run : Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task<'Result>> -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task<'Result>

Public Shared Function Run(Of TResult) (function As Func(Of Task(Of TResult))) As Task(Of TResult)

类型参数

参数

返回

Task<TResult>

表示由 Task(TResult) 返回的 Task(TResult) 的代理的 function。A Task(TResult) that represents a proxy for the Task(TResult) returned by function.

例外

注解

有关处理任务操作引发的异常的信息，请参阅 异常处理。For information on handling exceptions thrown by task operations, see Exception Handling.

另请参阅

• 异常处理（任务并行库）Exception Handling (Task Parallel Library)