如何：创建含调整规则的时区

项目
04/07/2023

由于多种原因，特定系统可能不存在应用程序所需的精确时区信息：

从未在本地系统的注册表中定义时区。
有关时区的数据已修改或已从注册表中删除。
时区没有关于特定历史时间段的时区调整的准确信息。

在这些情况下，可以调用 CreateCustomTimeZone 方法来定义应用程序所需的时区。可以使用此方法的重载创建带有或不带调整规则的时区。如果时区支持夏令时，可以使用固定或浮动调整规则定义调整。（若要了解这些术语的定义，请参阅时区概述中的“时区术语”部分。）

重要

通过调用 CreateCustomTimeZone 方法创建的自定义时区不会添加到注册表中。而是仅能通过 CreateCustomTimeZone 方法调用返回的对象引用访问这些时区。

本主题说明如何创建含调整规则的时区。若要创建不支持夏令时调整规则的时区，请参阅如何：创建不含调整规则的时区。

创建含浮动调整规则的时区

对于每次调整（即，对于特定时间间隔内从标准时间返回到标准时间的每次转换），请执行以下操作：
1. 定义时区调整的起始转换时间。
  
  必须调用 TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule 方法，并向其传递定义转换时间的 DateTime 值、定义转换月份的整数值、定义转换发生的周数的整数值，以及定义转换发生的星期数的 DayOfWeek 值。此方法调用实例化 TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime 对象。
2. 定义时区调整的结束转换时间。这需要对 TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule 方法进行另一次调用。此方法调用实例化第二个 TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime 对象。
3. 调用 CreateAdjustmentRule 方法，并向其传递调整的有效起始和结束日期、定义转换的时间量的 TimeSpan 对象，以及定义发生夏令时到夏令时转换的时间的两个 TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime 对象。此方法调用实例化 TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule 对象。
4. 将 TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule 对象分配给 TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule 对象的数组。
定义时区的显示名称。显示名称遵循非常标准的格式，其中时区相对于协调世界时 (UTC) 的偏移括在括号中，后跟一个字符串，用于标识时区、时区中的一个或多个城市或时区中的一个或多个国家/地区。
定义时区标准时间的名称。通常，此字符串也用作时区的标识符。
定义时区夏令时的名称。
如果要使用不同于时区标准名称的标识符，请定义时区标识符。
实例化一个 TimeSpan 对象，该对象定义时区相对于 UTC 的偏移。时间晚于 UTC 的时区采用正偏移量。时间早于 UTC 的时区采用负偏移量。
调用 TimeZoneInfo.CreateCustomTimeZone(String, TimeSpan, String, String, String, TimeZoneInfo+AdjustmentRule[]) 方法以实例化新时区。

示例

以下示例定义了美国的中部标准时区，其中包括从 1918 年至今各种时间间隔的调整规则。

TimeZoneInfo cst;
// Declare necessary TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule objects for time zone
TimeSpan delta = new TimeSpan(1, 0, 0);
TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule adjustment;
List<TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule> adjustmentList = new List<TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule>();
// Declare transition time variables to hold transition time information
TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd;

// Define new Central Standard Time zone 6 hours earlier than UTC
// Define rule 1 (for 1918-1919)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(new DateTime(1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0), 03, 05, DayOfWeek.Sunday);
transitionRuleEnd = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(new DateTime(1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0), 10, 05, DayOfWeek.Sunday);
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(new DateTime(1918, 1, 1), new DateTime(1919, 12, 31), delta,
                                                           transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd);
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment);
// Define rule 2 (for 1942)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFixedDateRule(new DateTime(1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0), 02, 09);
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(new DateTime(1942, 1, 1), new DateTime(1942, 12, 31),
                                                           delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd);
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment);
// Define rule 3 (for 1945)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFixedDateRule(new DateTime(1, 1, 1, 23, 0, 0), 08, 14);
transitionRuleEnd = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFixedDateRule(new DateTime(1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0), 09, 30);
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(new DateTime(1945, 1, 1), new DateTime(1945, 12, 31),
                                                           delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd);
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment);
// Define end rule (for 1967-2006)
transitionRuleEnd = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(new DateTime(1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0), 10, 5, DayOfWeek.Sunday);
// Define rule 4 (for 1967-73)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(new DateTime(1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0), 04, 05, DayOfWeek.Sunday);
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(new DateTime(1967, 1, 1), new DateTime(1973, 12, 31),
                                                           delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd);
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment);
// Define rule 5 (for 1974 only)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFixedDateRule(new DateTime(1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0), 01, 06);
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(new DateTime(1974, 1, 1), new DateTime(1974, 12, 31),
                                                           delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd);
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment);
// Define rule 6 (for 1975 only)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFixedDateRule(new DateTime(1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0), 02, 23);
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(new DateTime(1975, 1, 1), new DateTime(1975, 12, 31),
                                                           delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd);
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment);
// Define rule 7 (1976-1986)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(new DateTime(1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0), 04, 05, DayOfWeek.Sunday);
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(new DateTime(1976, 1, 1), new DateTime(1986, 12, 31),
                                                           delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd);
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment);
// Define rule 8 (1987-2006)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(new DateTime(1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0), 04, 01, DayOfWeek.Sunday);
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(new DateTime(1987, 1, 1), new DateTime(2006, 12, 31),
                                                           delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd);
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment);
// Define rule 9 (2007- )
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(new DateTime(1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0), 03, 02, DayOfWeek.Sunday);
transitionRuleEnd = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(new DateTime(1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0), 11, 01, DayOfWeek.Sunday);
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(new DateTime(2007, 1, 1), DateTime.MaxValue.Date,
                                                           delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd);
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment);

// Convert list of adjustment rules to an array
TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule[] adjustments = new TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule[adjustmentList.Count];
adjustmentList.CopyTo(adjustments);

cst = TimeZoneInfo.CreateCustomTimeZone("Central Standard Time", new TimeSpan(-6, 0, 0),
      "(GMT-06:00) Central Time (US Only)", "Central Standard Time",
      "Central Daylight Time", adjustments);

Dim cst As TimeZoneInfo
' Declare necessary TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule objects for time zone
Dim delta As New TimeSpan(1, 0, 0)
Dim adjustment As TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule
Dim adjustmentList As New List(Of TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule)
' Declare transition time variables to hold transition time information
Dim transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd As TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime

' Define new Central Standard Time zone 6 hours earlier than UTC
' Define rule 1 (for 1918-1919)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(#02:00:00AM#, 03, 05, DayOfWeek.Sunday)
transitionRuleEnd = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(#02:00:00AM#, 10, 05, DayOfWeek.Sunday)
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(#01/01/1918#, #12/31/1919#, delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd)
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment)
' Define rule 2 (for 1942)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFixedDateRule(#2:00:00AM#, 02, 09)
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(#01/01/1942#, #12/31/1942#, delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd)
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment)
' Define rule 3 (for 1945)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFixedDateRule(#11:00:00PM#, 08, 14)
transitionRuleEnd = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFixedDateRule(#2:00:00AM#, 09, 30)
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(#01/01/1945#, #12/31/1945#, delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd)
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment)
' Define end rule (for 1967-2006)
transitionRuleEnd = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(#02:00:00AM#, 10, 5, DayOfWeek.Sunday)
' Define rule 4 (for 1967-73)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(#2:00:00AM#, 04, 05, DayOfWeek.Sunday)
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(#01/01/1967#, #12/31/1973#, delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd)
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment)
' Define rule 5 (for 1974 only)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFixedDateRule(#2:00:00AM#, 01, 06)
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(#01/01/1974#, #12/31/1974#, delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd)
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment)
' Define rule 6 (for 1975 only)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFixedDateRule(#2:00:00AM#, 02, 23)
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(#01/01/1975#, #12/31/1975#, delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd)
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment)
' Define rule 7 (1976-1986)
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(#2:00:00AM#, 04, 05, DayOfWeek.Sunday)
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(#01/01/1976#, #12/31/1986#, delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd)
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment)
' Define rule 8 (1987-2006)  
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(#2:00:00AM#, 04, 01, DayOfWeek.Sunday)
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(#01/01/1987#, #12/31/2006#, delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd)
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment)
' Define rule 9 (2007- )  
transitionRuleStart = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(#2:00:00AM#, 03, 02, DayOfWeek.Sunday)
transitionRuleEnd = TimeZoneInfo.TransitionTime.CreateFloatingDateRule(#2:00:00AM#, 11, 01, DayOfWeek.Sunday)
adjustment = TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule.CreateAdjustmentRule(#01/01/2007#, Date.MaxValue.Date, delta, transitionRuleStart, transitionRuleEnd)
adjustmentList.Add(adjustment)

' Convert list of adjustment rules to an array
Dim adjustments(adjustmentList.Count - 1) As TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule
adjustmentList.CopyTo(adjustments)

cst = TimeZoneInfo.CreateCustomTimeZone("Central Standard Time", New TimeSpan(-6, 0, 0), _
      "(GMT-06:00) Central Time (US Only)", "Central Standard Time", _
      "Central Daylight Time", adjustments)

此示例中创建的时区具有多个调整规则。必须注意确保任何调整规则的有效起始和结束日期不与另一调整规则的日期重叠。如果存在重叠，则会引发 InvalidTimeZoneException。

对于浮动调整规则，将值 5 传递给 CreateFloatingDateRule 方法的 week 参数，以指示转换发生在特定月份的最后一周。

在创建 TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule 对象的数组以在 TimeZoneInfo.CreateCustomTimeZone(String, TimeSpan, String, String, String, TimeZoneInfo+AdjustmentRule[]) 方法调用中使用时，代码可以将数组初始化为要为时区创建的调整数所需的大小。相反，此代码示例调用 Add 方法，将每个调整规则添加到 TimeZoneInfo.AdjustmentRule 对象的泛型 List<T> 集合。然后，代码调用 CopyTo 方法，将该集合的成员复制到数组。

该示例还使用 CreateFixedDateRule 方法定义固定日期调整。这与调用 CreateFloatingDateRule 方法类似，只不过它只需要转换参数的时间、月份和日期。

可以使用如下所示的代码测试该示例：

TimeZoneInfo est = TimeZoneInfo.FindSystemTimeZoneById("Eastern Standard Time");

DateTime pastDate1 = new DateTime(1942, 2, 11);
Console.WriteLine("Is {0} daylight saving time: {1}", pastDate1,
                  cst.IsDaylightSavingTime(pastDate1));

DateTime pastDate2 = new DateTime(1967, 10, 29, 1, 30, 00);
Console.WriteLine("Is {0} ambiguous: {1}", pastDate2,
                  cst.IsAmbiguousTime(pastDate2));

DateTime pastDate3 = new DateTime(1974, 1, 7, 2, 59, 00);
Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} is {2} {3}", pastDate3,
                  est.IsDaylightSavingTime(pastDate3) ?
                      est.DaylightName : est.StandardName,
                  TimeZoneInfo.ConvertTime(pastDate3, est, cst),
                  cst.IsDaylightSavingTime(TimeZoneInfo.ConvertTime(pastDate3, est, cst)) ?
                      cst.DaylightName : cst.StandardName);
//
// This code produces the following output to the console:
//
//    Is 2/11/1942 12:00:00 AM daylight saving time: True
//    Is 10/29/1967 1:30:00 AM ambiguous: True
//    1/7/1974 2:59:00 AM Eastern Standard Time is 1/7/1974 2:59:00 AM Central Daylight Time

Dim est As TimeZoneInfo = TimeZoneInfo.FindSystemTimeZoneById("Eastern Standard Time")

Dim pastDate1 As Date = #2/11/1942#
Console.WriteLine("Is {0} daylight saving time: {1}", pastDate1, _
                  cst.IsDaylightSavingTime(pastDate1))

Dim pastDate2 As Date = #10/29/1967 1:30AM#
Console.WriteLine("Is {0} ambiguous: {1}", pastDate2, _
                  cst.IsAmbiguousTime(pastDate2))

Dim pastDate3 As Date = #1/7/1974 2:59AM#
Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} is {2} {3}", pastDate3, _
                  IIf(est.IsDaylightSavingTime(pastDate3), _
                      est.DaylightName, est.StandardName), _
                  TimeZoneInfo.ConvertTime(pastDate3, est, cst), _
                  IIf(cst.IsDaylightSavingTime(TimeZoneInfo.ConvertTime(pastDate3, est, cst)), _
                      cst.DaylightName, cst.StandardName))
'
' This code produces the following output to the console:
' 
'    Is 2/11/1942 12:00:00 AM daylight saving time: True
'    Is 10/29/1967 1:30:00 AM ambiguous: True
'    1/7/1974 2:59:00 AM Eastern Standard Time is 1/7/1974 2:59:00 AM Central Daylight Time

编译代码

此示例需要：

导入以下命名空间：

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;

Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Collections.ObjectModel

如何：创建含调整规则的时区

创建含浮动调整规则的时区

示例

编译代码

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