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设置 Azure PowerShell cmdlet 的输出格式
默认情况下，每个 Azure PowerShell cmdlet 都会将输出设置为易读的格式。 PowerShell 允许转换 cmdlet 输出或将其格式化，方法是将其通过管道输送到下述 cmdlet 之一：
| 格式设置 | 转换 |
|---|---|
| Format-Custom | ConvertTo-Csv |
| Format-List | ConvertTo-Html |
| Format-Table | ConvertTo-Json |
| Format-Wide | ConvertTo-Xml |
格式化用于在 PowerShell 控制台中显示数据，转换用于生成数据供其他脚本或程序使用。
表输出格式
默认情况下，Azure PowerShell cmdlet 以表格式输出。 此格式不显示所请求资源的所有信息：
Get-AzVM
ResourceGroupName Name Location VmSize OsType NIC ProvisioningState Zone
----------------- ---- -------- ------ ------ --- ----------------- ----
QueryExample ExampleLinuxVM westus2 Basic_A0 Linux examplelinuxvm916 Succeeded
QueryExample RHELExample westus2 Standard_D2_v3 Linux rhelexample469 Succeeded
QueryExample WinExampleVM westus2 Standard_DS1_v2 Windows winexamplevm268 Succeeded
通过 Format-Table 显示的数据量可能受 PowerShell 会话窗口的宽度影响。 若要将输出限制为特定的属性并对其排序，可以 Format-Table 的参数的形式提供属性名称：
Get-AzVM -ResourceGroupName QueryExample |
Format-Table -Property Name, ResourceGroupName, Location
Name ResourceGroupName Location
---- ----------------- --------
ExampleLinuxVM QueryExample westus2
RHELExample QueryExample westus2
WinExampleVM QueryExample westus2
列表输出格式
列表输出格式生成两个列，首先是属性名称，然后是值。 对于复杂对象，则会改为显示对象的类型。
Get-AzVM | Format-List
以下输出删除了某些字段。
ResourceGroupName : QueryExample
Id : /subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QueryExample/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/ExampleLinuxVM
VmId : ...
Name : ExampleLinuxVM
Type : Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines
Location : westus2
...
HardwareProfile : Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.HardwareProfile
InstanceView :
NetworkProfile : Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.NetworkProfile
OSProfile : Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSProfile
...
StatusCode : OK
ResourceGroupName : QueryExample
Id : /subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QueryExample/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/RHELExample
VmId : ...
Name : RHELExample
Type : Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines
Location : westus2
...
与 Format-Table 一样，可以提供属性名称，对输出进行排序和限制：
Get-AzVM | Format-List -Property ResourceGroupName, Name, Location
ResourceGroupName : QueryExample
Name : ExampleLinuxVM
Location : westus2
ResourceGroupName : QueryExample
Name : RHELExample
Location : westus2
ResourceGroupName : QueryExample
Name : WinExampleVM
Location : westus2
宽输出格式
宽输出格式仅为每个查询生成一个属性名称。 可以将属性作为参数来提供，控制所显示的具体属性。
Get-AzVM | Format-Wide
ExampleLinuxVM RHELExample
WinExampleVM
Get-AzVM | Format-Wide -Property ResourceGroupName
QueryExample QueryExample
QueryExample
自定义输出格式
Custom-Format 输出类型旨在格式化自定义对象。 没有任何参数时，它的行为类似于 Format-List，但会显示自定义类的属性名称。
Get-AzVM | Format-Custom
以下输出删除了某些字段。
ResourceGroupName : QueryExample
Id : /subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QueryExample/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/ExampleLinuxVM
VmId : ...
Name : ExampleLinuxVM
Type : Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines
Location : westus2
Tags : {}
HardwareProfile : {VmSize}
NetworkProfile : {NetworkInterfaces}
OSProfile : {ComputerName, AdminUsername, LinuxConfiguration, Secrets,
AllowExtensionOperations}
ProvisioningState : Succeeded
StorageProfile : {ImageReference, OsDisk, DataDisks}
...
以 Custom-Format 的参数的形式提供属性名称时，会显示已设置为以下值的自定义对象的属性/值对：
Get-AzVM | Format-Custom -Property Name, ResourceGroupName, Location, OSProfile
以下输出删除了某些字段。
class PSVirtualMachineList
{
Name = ExampleLinuxVM
ResourceGroupName = QueryExample
Location = westus2
OSProfile =
class OSProfile
{
ComputerName = ExampleLinuxVM
AdminUsername = ...
AdminPassword =
CustomData =
WindowsConfiguration =
LinuxConfiguration =
class LinuxConfiguration
{
DisablePasswordAuthentication = False
Ssh =
ProvisionVMAgent = True
}
Secrets =
[
]
AllowExtensionOperations = True
}
}
...
class PSVirtualMachineList
{
Name = WinExampleVM
ResourceGroupName = QueryExample
Location = westus2
OSProfile =
class OSProfile
{
ComputerName = WinExampleVM
AdminUsername = ...
AdminPassword =
CustomData =
WindowsConfiguration =
class WindowsConfiguration
{
ProvisionVMAgent = True
EnableAutomaticUpdates = True
TimeZone =
AdditionalUnattendContent =
WinRM =
}
LinuxConfiguration =
Secrets =
[
]
AllowExtensionOperations = True
}
}
转换为其他数据格式
可以使用 ConvertTo-* 系列的 cmdlet 将 Azure PowerShell cmdlet 的结果转换为可供计算机读取的格式。 若要只从 Azure PowerShell 结果中获取某些属性，请在执行转换之前使用管道转到 Select-Object cmdlet。 以下示例演示每种转换生成的不同类型的输出。
转换为 CSV
Get-AzVM | ConvertTo-CSV
#TYPE Microsoft.Azure.Commands.Compute.Models.PSVirtualMachineList
"ResourceGroupName","Id","VmId","Name","Type","Location","LicenseType","Tags","AvailabilitySetReference","DiagnosticsProfile","Extensions","HardwareProfile","InstanceView","NetworkProfile","OSProfile","Plan","ProvisioningState","StorageProfile","DisplayHint","Identity","Zones","FullyQualifiedDomainName","AdditionalCapabilities","RequestId","StatusCode"
"QUERYEXAMPLE","/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QUERYEXAMPLE/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/ExampleLinuxVM","...","ExampleLinuxVM","Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines","westus2",,"System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.String,System.String]",,,"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.VirtualMachineExtension]","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.HardwareProfile",,"Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.NetworkProfile","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSProfile",,"Succeeded","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.StorageProfile","Compact",,"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.String]",,,"...","OK"
"QUERYEXAMPLE","/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QUERYEXAMPLE/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/RHELExample","...","RHELExample","Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines","westus2",,"System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.String,System.String]",,,"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.VirtualMachineExtension]","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.HardwareProfile",,"Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.NetworkProfile","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSProfile",,"Succeeded","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.StorageProfile","Compact",,"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.String]",,,"...","OK"
"QUERYEXAMPLE","/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QUERYEXAMPLE/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/WinExampleVM","...","WinExampleVM","Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines","westus2",,"System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.String,System.String]",,,"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.VirtualMachineExtension]","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.HardwareProfile",,"Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.NetworkProfile","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSProfile",,"Succeeded","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.StorageProfile","Compact",,"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.String]",,,"...","OK"
转换为 JSON
JSON 输出默认情况下并不展开所有属性。 若要更改展开的属性的深度，请使用 Depth 参数。 默认情况下，展开深度为 2。
Get-AzVM | ConvertTo-JSON
以下输出删除了某些字段。
[
{
"ResourceGroupName": "QUERYEXAMPLE",
"Id": "/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QUERYEXAMPLE/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/ExampleLinuxVM",
"VmId": "...",
"Name": "ExampleLinuxVM",
"Type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
"Location": "westus2",
...
"OSProfile": {
"ComputerName": "ExampleLinuxVM",
"AdminUsername": "...",
"AdminPassword": null,
"CustomData": null,
"WindowsConfiguration": null,
"LinuxConfiguration": "Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.LinuxConfiguration",
"Secrets": "",
"AllowExtensionOperations": true
},
"Plan": null,
"ProvisioningState": "Succeeded",
"StorageProfile": {
"ImageReference": "Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.ImageReference",
"OsDisk": "Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSDisk",
"DataDisks": ""
},
"DisplayHint": 0,
"Identity": null,
"Zones": [
],
"FullyQualifiedDomainName": null,
"AdditionalCapabilities": null,
"RequestId": "...",
"StatusCode": 200
},
...
]
转换为 XML
ConvertTo-XML cmdlet 将 Azure PowerShell 响应对象转换为单纯的 XML 对象，后者可以进行处理，就像处理 PowerShell 中的任何其他 XML 对象一样。
Get-AzVM | ConvertTo-XML
xml Objects
--- -------
version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" Objects
转换为 HTML
将对象转换为 HTML 时，会生成可以呈现为 HTML 表的输出。 HTML 的呈现效果取决于浏览器在呈现不含宽度信息的表时的行为。 不展开任何自定义类对象。
Get-AzVM | ConvertTo-HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>HTML TABLE</title>
</head><body>
<table>
<colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup>
<tr><th>ResourceGroupName</th><th>Id</th><th>VmId</th><th>Name</th><th>Type</th><th>Location</th><th>LicenseType</th><th>Tags</th><th>AvailabilitySetReference</th><th>DiagnosticsProfile</th><th>Extensions</th><th>HardwareProfile</th><th>InstanceView</th><th>NetworkProfile</th><th>OSProfile</th><th>Plan</th><th>ProvisioningState</th><th>StorageProfile</th><th>DisplayHint</th><th>Identity</th><th>Zones</th><th>FullyQualifiedDomainName</th><th>AdditionalCapabilities</th><th>RequestId</th><th>StatusCode</th></tr>
<tr><td>QUERYEXAMPLE</td><td>/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QUERYEXAMPLE/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/ExampleLinuxVM</td><td>...</td><td>ExampleLinuxVM</td><td>Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines</td><td>westus2</td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.String,System.String]</td><td></td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.VirtualMachineExtension]</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.HardwareProfile</td><td></td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.NetworkProfile</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSProfile</td><td></td><td>Succeeded</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.StorageProfile</td><td>Compact</td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.String]</td><td></td><td></td><td>...</td><td>OK</td></tr>
<tr><td>QUERYEXAMPLE</td><td>/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QUERYEXAMPLE/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/RHELExample</td><td>...</td><td>RHELExample</td><td>Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines</td><td>westus2</td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.String,System.String]</td><td></td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.VirtualMachineExtension]</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.HardwareProfile</td><td></td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.NetworkProfile</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSProfile</td><td></td><td>Succeeded</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.StorageProfile</td><td>Compact</td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.String]</td><td></td><td></td><td>...</td><td>OK</td></tr>
<tr><td>QUERYEXAMPLE</td><td>/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QUERYEXAMPLE/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/WinExampleVM</td><td>...</td><td>WinExampleVM</td><td>Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines</td><td>westus2</td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.String,System.String]</td><td></td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.VirtualMachineExtension]</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.HardwareProfile</td><td></td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.NetworkProfile</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSProfile</td><td></td><td>Succeeded</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.StorageProfile</td><td>Compact</td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.String]</td><td></td><td></td><td>...</td><td>OK</td></tr>
</table>
</body></html>
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