什么是 SQL Server 2016 R Services？What is SQL Server 2016 R Services?
仅限 适用于：Applies to: 
SQL Server 2016 (13.x)SQL Server 2016 (13.x)SQL Server 2016 (13.x)SQL Server 2016 (13.x)适用于：Applies to: SQL Server 2016 (13.x)SQL Server 2016 (13.x)SQL Server 2016 (13.x)SQL Server 2016 (13.x) only
R Services 是 SQL Server 2016 中的一项功能，借助此功能可以使用关系数据运行 R 脚本。R Services is a feature in SQL Server 2016 that gives the ability to run R scripts with relational data. 可以使用开源包和框架，以及 Microsoft R 包进行预测分析和机器学习。You can use open-source packages and frameworks, and the Microsoft R packages for predictive analytics and machine learning. 脚本在数据库中执行，而不将数据移动到 SQL Server 外部或是在网络上移动。The scripts are executed in-database without moving data outside SQL Server or over the network. 本文介绍 SQL Server R Services 的基础知识。This article explains the basics of SQL Server R Services.
备注
在 SQL Server 2017 及更高版本中，R Services 被重命名为机器学习服务，并支持 Python 和 R。R Services was renamed to Machine Learning Services in SQL Server 2017 and later, and supports both Python and R.
什么是 R Services？What is R Services?
使用 SQL Server R Services，可以在数据库中执行 R 脚本。SQL Server R Services lets you execute R scripts in-database. 可以使用它来准备和清理数据、执行特征工程以及在数据库中定型、评估和部署机器学习模型。You can use it to prepare and clean data, do feature engineering, and train, evaluate, and deploy machine learning models within a database. 此功能在数据所在的位置运行脚本，无需通过网络将数据传输到其他服务器。The feature runs your scripts where the data resides and eliminates transfer of the data across the network to another server.
R Services 中包含 R 的基础分发。Base distributions of R are included in R Services. 除了 Microsoft 包RevoScaleR、MicrosoftML、[olapR]../r/ref-r-olapr.md) 和 sqlrutils 之外，还可以使用开源包和框架。You can use open-source packages and frameworks in addition to the Microsoft packages RevoScaleR, MicrosoftML, [olapR]../r/ref-r-olapr.md), and sqlrutils for R.
R Services 使用扩展性框架在 SQL Server 中运行 R 脚本。R Services uses an extensibility framework to run R scripts in SQL Server. 详细了解工作原理：Learn more about how this works:
使用 R Services 可以执行哪些操作？What can I do with R Services?
可以使用 R Services 在 SQL Server 中生成和定型机器学习和深度学习模型。You can use R Services to build and training machine learning and deep learning models within SQL Server. 还可以将现有模型部署到 R Services，并使用关系数据进行预测。You can also deploy existing models to R Services and use relational data for predictions.
可以使用 SQL Server R Services 进行多种类型的预测，下面是一些示例：Examples of the type of predictions that you can use SQL Server R Services for, include:
| 预测类型Prediction type | 示例Example |
|---|---|
| 分类/类别Classification/Categorization | 自动将客户反馈分为积极和消极两类Automatically divide customer feedback into positive and negative categories |
| 回归/预测连续值Regression/Predict continuous values | 根据面积和地段预测房价Predict the price of houses based on size and location |
| 异常检测Anomaly Detection | 检测欺诈性的银行交易Detect fraudulent banking transactions |
| 建议Recommendations | 根据网购者以前的购买情况，推荐他们可能想购买的产品Suggest products that online shoppers may want to buy, based on their previous purchases |
如何执行 R 脚本How to execute R scripts
有两种方法可以在 R Services 中执行 R 脚本：There are two ways to execute R scripts in R Services:
最常见的方法是使用 T-SQL 存储过程 sp_execute_external_script。The most common way is to use the T-SQL stored procedure sp_execute_external_script.
还可以使用首选的 R 客户端并编写将执行（称为“远程计算上下文”）推送到远程 SQL Server 的脚本。You can also use your preferred R client and write scripts that push the execution (referred to as a remote compute context) to a remote SQL Server. 有关详细信息，请参阅如何设置数据科学客户端 R 开发。See how to set up a data science client R development for more information.
R 版本R versions
下面列出了 SQL Server 2016 R 服务中包含的 R 运行时版本。The following lists the versions of the R runtime that are included in SQL Server 2016 R Services.
| SQL Server 版本SQL Server version | 默认 R 运行时版本Default R runtime versions |
|---|---|
| SQL Server 2016 RTM - SP2 CU13SQL Server 2016 RTM - SP2 CU13 | 3.2.23.2.2 |
| SQL Server 2016 SP2 CU14 及更高版本SQL Server 2016 SP2 CU14 and later | 3.2.2 和 3.5.23.2.2 and 3.5.2 |
SQL Server 2016 Service Pack (SP) 2 及更高版本的累积更新 (CU) 14 包括更新的 R 运行时。Cumulative Update (CU) 14 for SQL Server 2016 Service Pack (SP) 2 and later include newer R runtimes. 有关详细信息，请参阅更改默认语言运行时版本。For more information, see Change the default language runtime version.
对于 R 的其他版本或者如果要运行 Python，请使用用于 SQL Server 2017 及更高版本的机器学习服务。For other versions of R, or to run Python, use Machine Learning Services for SQL Server 2017 and later.
R 包R packages
除了 Microsoft 的企业包外，还可以使用开源包和框架。You can use open-source packages and frameworks, in addition to Microsoft's enterprise packages. 大多数常见的开源 R 包已预先安装在 R Services 中。Most common open-source R packages are pre-installed in R Services. 还包括 Microsoft 提供的以下 R 包：The following R packages from Microsoft are also included:
| 程序包Package | 说明Description |
|---|---|
| RevoScaleRRevoScaleR | 用于可缩放 R 的主包。数据转换和操作、统计摘要、可视化和多种形式的建模。The primary package for scalable R. Data transformations and manipulation, statistical summarization, visualization, and many forms of modeling. 此外，此包中的函数会自动在可用内核之间分配工作负载以进行并行处理。Additionally, functions in this package automatically distribute workloads across available cores for parallel processing. |
| MicrosoftML (R)MicrosoftML (R) | 添加机器学习算法，以便为文本分析、图像分析和情绪分析创建自定义模型。Adds machine learning algorithms to create custom models for text analysis, image analysis, and sentiment analysis. |
| olapRolapR | R 函数，用于针对 SQL Server Analysis Services OLAP 多维数据集进行 MDX 查询。R functions used for MDX queries against a SQL Server Analysis Services OLAP cube. |
| sqlrutilssqlrutils | 一种在 T-SQL 存储过程中使用 R 脚本、将该存储过程注册到数据库并在 R 开发环境中运行存储过程的机制。A mechanism to use R scripts in a T-SQL stored procedure, register that stored procedure with a database, and run the stored procedure from an R development environment. |
| Microsoft R OpenMicrosoft R Open | Microsoft R Open (MRO) 是 Microsoft 中 R 的增强型分发。Microsoft R Open (MRO) is the enhanced distribution of R from Microsoft. 它是用于统计分析和数据科学的完整开源平台。It is a complete open-source platform for statistical analysis and data science. 它基于 R，并 100% 与 R 兼容，包括很多其他功能，可以带来更高的性能和可再现性。It is based on and 100% compatible with R, and includes additional capabilities for improved performance and reproducibility. |
如何开始使用 RServices？How do I get started with RServices?
安装 SQL Server 2016 R ServicesInstall SQL Server 2016 R Services
配置开发工具。Configure your development tools. 可用工具如下：You can use:
- 使用 Azure Data Studio 或 SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) 以采用 T-SQL 和存储过程 sp_execute_external_script 来执行 R 脚本。Azure Data Studio or SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) to use T-SQL and the stored procedure sp_execute_external_script to execute your R script.
- 使用开发便携式计算机或工作站上的 R 来执行脚本。R on your own development laptop or workstation to execute scripts. 可以在本地拉取数据，也可以使用 RevoScaleR 将执行远程推送到 SQL Server。You can either pull data down locally or push the execution remotely to SQL Server with RevoScaleR. 有关详细信息，请参阅如何设置数据科学客户端 R 开发。See how to set up a data science client R development for more information.
编写第一个 R 脚本Write your first R script
- 快速入门：在 SQL Server 中创建并运行简单的 R 脚本Quickstart: Create and run simple R scripts in SQL Server
- 快速入门：在 R 中创建和定型预测模型Quickstart: Create and train a predictive model in R
- 教程：在 T-SQL 中使用 R：探索数据、执行特征工程、定型和部署模型，并进行预测（五部分构成的系列）Tutorial: Use R in T-SQL: Explore data, perform feature engineering, train and deploy models, and make predictions (five-part series)
- 教程：在 R 工具中使用 R Services：探索数据、创建图表和绘图、执行特征工程、定型和部署模型，并进行预测（六部分构成的系列）Tutorial: Use R Services in R tools: Explore data, create graphs and plots, perform feature engineering, train and deploy models, and make predictions (six-part series)