快速入門：使用 Azure 應用程式閘道引導 Web 流量 - ARM 範本

發行項
03/08/2024

在本快速入門中，您會使用 Azure Resource Manager 範本（ARM 樣本）來建立 Azure 應用程式閘道。然後，您會測試應用程式閘道，以確定其運作正常。

application gateway resources

Azure Resource Manager 範本是 JavaScript 物件表示法（JSON）檔案，可定義專案的基礎結構和組態。範本使用宣告式語法。您不需要撰寫程式設計命令順序來建立部署，即可描述預定的部署。

您也可以使用 Azure 入口網站、Azure PowerShell 或 Azure CLI 來完成本快速入門。

如果您的環境符合必要條件，而且您很熟悉 ARM 範本，請選取 [部署至 Azure] 按鈕。範本會在 Azure 入口網站中開啟。

必要條件

具有有效訂用帳戶的 Azure 帳戶。免費建立帳戶。

檢閱範本

為了簡單起見，此範本會建立具有公用前端IP的簡單設定、在應用程式閘道上裝載單一月臺的基本接聽程式、基本要求路由規則，以及後端集區中的兩部虛擬機。

注意

應用程式閘道前端現在支援雙堆疊 IP 位址（公開預覽）。您現在可以建立最多四個前端IP位址：兩個IPv4位址（公用和私人）和兩個IPv6位址（公用和私人）。

本快速入門中使用的範本是來自 Azure 快速入門範本

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "metadata": {
    "_generator": {
      "name": "bicep",
      "version": "0.26.54.24096",
      "templateHash": "2911869422088455783"
    }
  },
  "parameters": {
    "adminUsername": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Admin username for the backend servers"
      }
    },
    "adminPassword": {
      "type": "securestring",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Password for the admin account on the backend servers"
      }
    },
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Location for all resources."
      }
    },
    "vmSize": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "Standard_B2ms",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Size of the virtual machine."
      }
    }
  },
  "variables": {
    "virtualMachineName": "myVM",
    "virtualNetworkName": "myVNet",
    "networkInterfaceName": "net-int",
    "ipconfigName": "ipconfig",
    "publicIPAddressName": "public_ip",
    "nsgName": "vm-nsg",
    "applicationGateWayName": "myAppGateway",
    "virtualNetworkPrefix": "10.0.0.0/16",
    "subnetPrefix": "10.0.0.0/24",
    "backendSubnetPrefix": "10.0.1.0/24"
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "copy": {
        "name": "nsg",
        "count": "[length(range(0, 2))]"
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('nsgName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1))]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "securityRules": [
          {
            "name": "RDP",
            "properties": {
              "protocol": "Tcp",
              "sourcePortRange": "*",
              "destinationPortRange": "3389",
              "sourceAddressPrefix": "*",
              "destinationAddressPrefix": "*",
              "access": "Allow",
              "priority": 300,
              "direction": "Inbound"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "copy": {
        "name": "publicIPAddress",
        "count": "[length(range(0, 3))]"
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('publicIPAddressName'), range(0, 3)[copyIndex()])]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "Standard"
      },
      "properties": {
        "publicIPAddressVersion": "IPv4",
        "publicIPAllocationMethod": "Static",
        "idleTimeoutInMinutes": 4
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('virtualNetworkName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "addressSpace": {
          "addressPrefixes": [
            "[variables('virtualNetworkPrefix')]"
          ]
        },
        "subnets": [
          {
            "name": "myAGSubnet",
            "properties": {
              "addressPrefix": "[variables('subnetPrefix')]",
              "privateEndpointNetworkPolicies": "Enabled",
              "privateLinkServiceNetworkPolicies": "Enabled"
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "myBackendSubnet",
            "properties": {
              "addressPrefix": "[variables('backendSubnetPrefix')]",
              "privateEndpointNetworkPolicies": "Enabled",
              "privateLinkServiceNetworkPolicies": "Enabled"
            }
          }
        ],
        "enableDdosProtection": false,
        "enableVmProtection": false
      }
    },
    {
      "copy": {
        "name": "virtualMachine",
        "count": "[length(range(0, 2))]"
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('virtualMachineName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1))]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "hardwareProfile": {
          "vmSize": "[parameters('vmSize')]"
        },
        "storageProfile": {
          "imageReference": {
            "publisher": "MicrosoftWindowsServer",
            "offer": "WindowsServer",
            "sku": "2016-Datacenter",
            "version": "latest"
          },
          "osDisk": {
            "osType": "Windows",
            "createOption": "FromImage",
            "caching": "ReadWrite",
            "managedDisk": {
              "storageAccountType": "StandardSSD_LRS"
            },
            "diskSizeGB": 127
          }
        },
        "osProfile": {
          "computerName": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('virtualMachineName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1))]",
          "adminUsername": "[parameters('adminUsername')]",
          "adminPassword": "[parameters('adminPassword')]",
          "windowsConfiguration": {
            "provisionVMAgent": true,
            "enableAutomaticUpdates": true
          },
          "allowExtensionOperations": true
        },
        "networkProfile": {
          "networkInterfaces": [
            {
              "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', format('{0}{1}', variables('networkInterfaceName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1)))]"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "networkInterface"
      ]
    },
    {
      "copy": {
        "name": "virtualMachine_IIS",
        "count": "[length(range(0, 2))]"
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/extensions",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}{1}/IIS', variables('virtualMachineName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1))]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "autoUpgradeMinorVersion": true,
        "publisher": "Microsoft.Compute",
        "type": "CustomScriptExtension",
        "typeHandlerVersion": "1.4",
        "settings": {
          "commandToExecute": "powershell Add-WindowsFeature Web-Server; powershell Add-Content -Path \"C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\Default.htm\" -Value $($env:computername)"
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "virtualMachine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('applicationGateWayName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "sku": {
          "name": "Standard_v2",
          "tier": "Standard_v2"
        },
        "gatewayIPConfigurations": [
          {
            "name": "appGatewayIpConfig",
            "properties": {
              "subnet": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('virtualNetworkName'), 'myAGSubnet')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "frontendIPConfigurations": [
          {
            "name": "appGwPublicFrontendIp",
            "properties": {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
              "publicIPAddress": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', format('{0}0', variables('publicIPAddressName')))]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "frontendPorts": [
          {
            "name": "port_80",
            "properties": {
              "port": 80
            }
          }
        ],
        "backendAddressPools": [
          {
            "name": "myBackendPool",
            "properties": {}
          }
        ],
        "backendHttpSettingsCollection": [
          {
            "name": "myHTTPSetting",
            "properties": {
              "port": 80,
              "protocol": "Http",
              "cookieBasedAffinity": "Disabled",
              "pickHostNameFromBackendAddress": false,
              "requestTimeout": 20
            }
          }
        ],
        "httpListeners": [
          {
            "name": "myListener",
            "properties": {
              "frontendIPConfiguration": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/frontendIPConfigurations', variables('applicationGateWayName'), 'appGwPublicFrontendIp')]"
              },
              "frontendPort": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/frontendPorts', variables('applicationGateWayName'), 'port_80')]"
              },
              "protocol": "Http",
              "requireServerNameIndication": false
            }
          }
        ],
        "requestRoutingRules": [
          {
            "name": "myRoutingRule",
            "properties": {
              "ruleType": "Basic",
              "priority": 1,
              "httpListener": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/httpListeners', variables('applicationGateWayName'), 'myListener')]"
              },
              "backendAddressPool": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/backendAddressPools', variables('applicationGateWayName'), 'myBackendPool')]"
              },
              "backendHttpSettings": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/backendHttpSettingsCollection', variables('applicationGateWayName'), 'myHTTPSetting')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "enableHttp2": false,
        "autoscaleConfiguration": {
          "minCapacity": 0,
          "maxCapacity": 10
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', format('{0}{1}', variables('publicIPAddressName'), range(0, 3)[0]))]",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "copy": {
        "name": "networkInterface",
        "count": "[length(range(0, 2))]"
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('networkInterfaceName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1))]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "ipConfigurations": [
          {
            "name": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('ipconfigName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1))]",
            "properties": {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
              "publicIPAddress": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', format('{0}{1}', variables('publicIPAddressName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1)))]"
              },
              "subnet": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('virtualNetworkName'), 'myBackendSubnet')]"
              },
              "primary": true,
              "privateIPAddressVersion": "IPv4",
              "applicationGatewayBackendAddressPools": [
                {
                  "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/backendAddressPools', variables('applicationGateWayName'), 'myBackendPool')]"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ],
        "enableAcceleratedNetworking": false,
        "enableIPForwarding": false,
        "networkSecurityGroup": {
          "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', format('{0}{1}', variables('nsgName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1)))]"
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways', variables('applicationGateWayName'))]",
        "nsg",
        "publicIPAddress"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "outputs": {
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "value": "[parameters('location')]"
    },
    "name": {
      "type": "string",
      "value": "[variables('applicationGateWayName')]"
    },
    "resourceGroupName": {
      "type": "string",
      "value": "[resourceGroup().name]"
    },
    "resourceId": {
      "type": "string",
      "value": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways', variables('applicationGateWayName'))]"
    }
  }
}

範本中定義了多個 Azure 資源：

Microsoft.Network/applicationgateways
Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses ：一個用於應用程式網關，另一個用於虛擬機。
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines ：兩部虛擬機
Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces ：兩個用於虛擬機
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachine/extensions ：設定 IIS 和網頁

部署範本

將 ARM 範本部署至 Azure：

選取 [部署至 Azure] 以登入 Azure 並開啟範本。此範本會在執行 IIS 的後端集區中建立應用程式閘道、網路基礎結構和兩部虛擬機。
選取或建立您的資源群組，輸入虛擬機系統管理員使用者名稱和密碼。
選取 [檢閱 + 建立]，然後選取 [建立]。

部署可能需要 20 分鐘或更長的時間才能完成。

驗證部署

雖然不需要 IIS 才能建立應用程式閘道，但它會安裝以確認 Azure 是否已成功建立應用程式閘道。使用 IIS 測試應用程式閘道：

在其 [概觀 ] 頁面上尋找應用程式閘道的公用IP位址。或者，您可以選取 [所有資源]，在搜尋方塊中輸入 myAGPublicIPAddress ，然後在搜尋結果中加以選取。 Azure 會在 [ 概觀 ] 頁面上顯示公用 IP 位址。
複製公用IP位址，然後將它貼到瀏覽器的網址列中，以流覽該IP位址。
檢查回應。有效的回應會確認應用程式閘道已成功建立，而且可以成功與後端連線。

多次重新整理瀏覽器，您應該會看到 myVM1 和 myVM2 的連線。

清除資源

當您不再需要使用應用程式閘道建立的資源時，請刪除資源群組。這會移除應用程式閘道和所有相關資源。

呼叫 Remove-AzResourceGroup Cmdlet 以刪除資源群組：

Remove-AzResourceGroup -Name <your resource group name>

下一步

使用 Azure CLI 以應用程式閘道管理網路流量

快速入門：使用 Azure 應用程式閘道 引導 Web 流量 - ARM 範本