Azure 中的區域和可用性區域Regions and Availability Zones in Azure

• 04/28/2020
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Microsoft Azure 服務可全域使用，以最佳層級來驅動您的雲端作業。Microsoft Azure services are available globally to drive your cloud operations at an optimal level. 您可以根據技術和法規考慮，選擇最適合您需求的區域：服務功能、資料存放區、合規性需求和延遲。You can choose the best region for your needs based on technical and regulatory considerations: service capabilities, data residency, compliance requirements, and latency.

詞彙Terminology

為了進一步瞭解 Azure 中的區域和可用性區域，它有助於瞭解主要詞彙或概念。To better understand regions and Availability Zones in Azure, it helps to understand key terms or concepts.

區域Regions

區域是在延遲定義的周邊內部署的一組資料中心，並透過專用的區域低延遲網路進行連線。A region is a set of datacenters deployed within a latency-defined perimeter and connected through a dedicated regional low-latency network. Azure 可讓您彈性地部署您需要的應用程式，包括跨多個區域，以提供跨區域復原。Azure gives you the flexibility to deploy applications where you need to, including across multiple regions to deliver cross-region resiliency. 如需詳細資訊，請參閱復原要件的總覽。For more information, see Overview of the resiliency pillar.

可用性區域Availability Zones

可用性區域是高可用性供應專案，可保護您的應用程式和資料不受資料中心失敗的影響。An Availability Zone is a high-availability offering that protects your applications and data from datacenter failures. 「可用性區域」是 Azure 地區內獨特的實體位置。Availability Zones are unique physical locations within an Azure region. 每個區域皆由一或多個配備獨立電力、冷卻系統及網路的資料中心所組成。Each zone is made up of one or more datacenters equipped with independent power, cooling, and networking. 若要確保復原，所有已啟用的地區中至少要有三個不同的區域。To ensure resiliency, there's a minimum of three separate zones in all enabled regions. 地區內「可用性區域」的實體區隔可保護應用程式和資料不受資料中心故障影響。The physical separation of Availability Zones within a region protects applications and data from datacenter failures. 區域備援服務會將應用程式和資料複寫至所有「可用性區域」，以防出現單一失敗點。Zone-redundant services replicate your applications and data across Availability Zones to protect from single-points-of-failure. 使用「可用性區域」時，Azure 可提供業界最佳的 99.99% VM 執行時間 SLA。With Availability Zones, Azure offers industry best 99.99% VM uptime SLA. 完整 Azure SLA 說明保證的 Azure 整體可用性。The full Azure SLA explains the guaranteed availability of Azure as a whole.

Azure 區域中的可用性區域是由容錯網域和更新網域組成。An Availability Zone in an Azure region is a combination of a fault domain and an update domain. 例如，如果您在 Azure 區域中建立橫跨三個區域的三個 (或更多) VM，您的 VM 會有效地分散到三個容錯網域和三個更新網域。For example, if you create three or more VMs across three zones in an Azure region, your VMs are effectively distributed across three fault domains and three update domains. Azure 平臺會在更新網域中辨識此發佈，以確保不同區域中的 Vm 不會被排程同時更新。The Azure platform recognizes this distribution across update domains to make sure that VMs in different zones are not scheduled to be updated at the same time.

藉由將運算、儲存體、網路及資料資源共置於某個區域內並複寫至其他區域，即可讓您的應用程式架構內建高可用性。Build high-availability into your application architecture by co-locating your compute, storage, networking, and data resources within a zone and replicating in other zones. 支援「可用性區域」的 Azure 服務分成兩個類別：Azure services that support Availability Zones fall into two categories:

• 區域服務–資源會釘選到特定區域（例如虛擬機器、受控磁片、標準 IP 位址），或Zonal services – where a resource is pinned to a specific zone (for example, virtual machines, managed disks, Standard IP addresses), or
• 區域冗余服務– Azure 平臺會在區域間自動複寫時（例如，區域冗余儲存體、SQL Database）。Zone-redundant services – when the Azure platform replicates automatically across zones (for example, zone-redundant storage, SQL Database).

若要在 Azure 上達到全面性的商務持續性，請使用「可用性區域」與 Azure 地區配對的組合來建置您的應用程式架構。To achieve comprehensive business continuity on Azure, build your application architecture using the combination of Availability Zones with Azure region pairs. 您可以使用 Azure 地區內的「可用性區域」來同步複寫應用程式和資料以提供高可用性，並以非同步方式跨 Azure 地區複寫以提供災害復原保護。You can synchronously replicate your applications and data using Availability Zones within an Azure region for high-availability and asynchronously replicate across Azure regions for disaster recovery protection.

區域和服務類別Region and service categories

Azure 對於跨區域的 Azure 服務可用性的方法，最好是藉由表示在建議區域和替代區域中提供的服務來進行說明。Azure's approach on availability of Azure services across regions is best described by expressing services made available in recommended regions and alternate regions.

• 建議的區域-提供最廣泛服務功能的區域，其設計是為了支援現在或未來的可用性區域。Recommended region - A region that provides the broadest range of service capabilities and is designed to support Availability Zones now, or in the future. 建議您在 Azure 入口網站中指定這些設定。These are designated in the Azure portal as Recommended.
• 替代（其他）區域-一種區域，可在建議的區域也存在的資料存放區界限內，延伸 Azure 的使用量。Alternate (other) region - A region that extends Azure's footprint within a data residency boundary where a recommended region also exists. 替代區域可協助將延遲優化，並為嚴重損壞修復需求提供第二個區域。Alternate regions help to optimize latency and provide a second region for disaster recovery needs. 它們不是設計來支援可用性區域（雖然 Azure 會定期評估這些區域，以判斷它們是否應成為建議的區域）。They are not designed to support Availability Zones (although Azure conducts regular assessment of these regions to determine if they should become recommended regions). 這些會在 Azure 入口網站中指定為其他。These are designated in the Azure portal as Other.

比較區欄位型別Comparing region types

Azure 服務分成三種類別：基本、主流和特製化服務。Azure services are grouped into three categories: foundational, mainstream, and specialized services. Azure 將服務部署到任何指定區域的一般原則主要是依區欄位型別、服務類別和客戶需求來驅動：Azure's general policy on deploying services into any given region is primarily driven by region type, service categories, and customer demand:

• 基本–當區域正式推出，或在新的基本服務的12個月內正式推出時，所有建議和替代區域皆可使用。Foundational – Available in all recommended and alternate regions when the region is generally available, or within 12 months of a new foundational service becoming generally available.
• 主流–適用于區域/服務公開上市12個月內的所有建議區域。替代區域中的需求驅動（許多已部署到較大的替代區域子集）。Mainstream – Available in all recommended regions within 12 months of the region/service general availability; demand-driven in alternate regions (many are already deployed into a large subset of alternate regions).
• 專門目標的服務供應專案，通常是以產業為主或由自訂/特殊化硬體支援。Specialized – Targeted service offerings, often industry-focused or backed by customized/specialized hardware. 跨區域的需求導向可用性（許多都已經部署到較大的建議區域子集）。Demand-driven availability across regions (many are already deployed into a large subset of recommended regions).

若要查看特定區域中所部署的服務，以及在區域中預覽或正式推出服務的未來藍圖，請參閱依區域提供的產品。To see which services are deployed in a given region, as well as the future roadmap for preview or general availability of services in a region, see Products available by region.

如果特定地區沒有提供服務供應專案，您可以聯絡 Microsoft 業務代表來分享您的興趣。If a service offering is not available in a specific region, you can share your interest by contacting your Microsoft sales representative.

依類別分類的服務Services by category

如先前所述，Azure 會將服務分類成三個類別：基本、主流和特製化。As mentioned previously, Azure classifies services into three categories: foundational, mainstream, and specialized. 服務類別會在正式推出時指派。Service categories are assigned at general availability. 服務通常會以特製化服務的形式啟動其生命週期，而隨著需求和使用率的增加，可能會提升為主流或基礎。Often, services start their lifecycle as a specialized service and as demand and utilization increases may be promoted to mainstream or foundational. 下表列出服務的類別為 [基本]、[主流] 或 [特製化]。The following table lists the category for services as foundational, mainstream, or specialized. 您應該注意下列關於資料表的事項：You should note the following about the table:

• 某些服務為非區域。Some services are non-regional. 如需相關資訊和非區域服務的清單，請參閱依區域提供的產品。For information and a list of non-regional services, see Products available by region.
• 未列出較舊的世代虛擬機器。Older generation virtual machines are not listed. 如需詳細資訊，請參閱前幾代虛擬機器大小的檔。For more information, see documentation at Previous generations of virtual machine sizes.

服務復原Services resiliency

所有 Azure 管理服務的架構都可以從區域層級失敗中復原。All Azure management services are architected to be resilient from region-level failures. 在失敗的範圍中，區域內的一個或多個可用性區域失敗，與整個區域失敗相比，其失敗半徑較小。In the spectrum of failures, one or more Availability Zone failures within a region have a smaller failure radius compared to an entire region failure. Azure 可以從區域內或從另一個 Azure 區域中的管理服務區域層級失敗中復原。Azure can recover from a zone-level failure of management services within the region or from another Azure region. Azure 會在區域內一次執行一個區域的重要維護，以避免影響在某個區域內可用性區域部署之客戶資源的任何失敗。Azure performs critical maintenance one zone at a time within a region, to prevent any failures impacting customer resources deployed across Availability Zones within a region.

可用性區域中的 Vm 定價Pricing for VMs in Availability Zones

針對部署在「可用性區域」中的虛擬機器並不會產生額外費用。There is no additional cost for virtual machines deployed in an Availability Zone. 有兩部 (或以上) VM 部署在 Azure 區域內兩個以上的「可用性區域」中時，即可提供 99.99% VM 執行時間 SLA。99.99% VM uptime SLA is offered when two or more VMs are deployed across two or more Availability Zones within an Azure region. 在可用性區域之間將額外產生 VM 對 VM 的資料傳輸費用。There will be additional inter-Availability Zone VM-to-VM data transfer charges. 如需詳細資訊，請檢閱頻寬定價頁面。For more information, review the Bandwidth pricing page.

開始使用可用性區域Get started with Availability Zones

• 建立虛擬機器Create a virtual machine
• 使用 PowerShell 來新增受控磁碟Add a Managed Disk using PowerShell
• 建立區域備援虛擬機器擴展集Create a zone redundant virtual machine scale set
• 使用具有區域備援前端的標準 Load Balancer 來進行跨區域的 VM 負載平衡Load balance VMs across zones using a Standard Load Balancer with a zone-redundant frontend
• 使用具有區域前端的標準 Load Balancer 來進行區域內的 VM 負載平衡Load balance VMs within a zone using a Standard Load Balancer with a zonal frontend
• 區域備援儲存體Zone-redundant storage
• SQL DatabaseSQL Database
• 事件中樞異地災害復原Event Hubs geo-disaster recovery
• 服務匯流排異地災害復原Service Bus geo-disaster recovery
• 建立區域備援虛擬網路閘道Create a zone-redundant virtual network gateway
• 為 Azure Cosmos DB 新增區域多餘區域Add zone redundant region for Azure Cosmos DB
• 消費者入門 Azure Cache for Redis 可用性區域Getting Started Azure Cache for Redis Availability Zones
• 建立 Azure Active Directory Domain Services 執行個體Create an Azure Active Directory Domain Services instance
• 建立使用可用性區域的 Azure Kubernetes Service （AKS）叢集Create an Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) cluster that uses Availability Zones

後續步驟Next steps

• 在 Azure 中支援可用性區域的區域Regions that support Availability Zones in Azure
• 快速入門範本Quickstart templates