快速入門：建立 Azure SQL Database 單一資料庫Quickstart: Create an Azure SQL Database single database

04/19/2020

在此快速入門中，您可以使用 Azure 入口網站、PowerShell 指令碼或 Azure CLI 指令碼，在 Azure SQL Database 中建立單一資料庫。In this quickstart, you use the Azure portal, a PowerShell script, or an Azure CLI script to create a single database in Azure SQL Database. 接著，您可以使用 Azure 入口網站中的查詢編輯器來查詢資料庫。You then query the database using Query editor in the Azure portal.

單一資料庫是最快速且最簡單的 Azure SQL Database 選項。A single database is the quickest and simplest option for Azure SQL Database. 您可以在特定 Azure 區域中的 Azure 資源群組內，管理伺服器中的單一資料庫。You manage a single database within a server, which is inside an Azure resource group in a specified Azure region. 在本快速入門中，您會為新資料庫建立新的資源群組與伺服器。In this quickstart, you create a new resource group and server for the new database.

您可以在「已佈建」或「無伺服器」的計算層中建立單一資料庫。You can create a single database in the provisioned or serverless compute tier. 已佈建的資料庫會預先配置固定數量的計算資源 (包括 CPU 和記憶體)，並使用兩種購買模型的其中一種。A provisioned database is pre-allocated a fixed amount of compute resources, including CPU and memory, and uses one of two purchasing models. 本快速入門會使用以虛擬核心為基礎的購買模型來建立已佈建的資料庫，但您也可以選擇以 DTU 為基礎的模型。This quickstart creates a provisioned database using the vCore-based purchasing model, but you can also choose a DTU-based model.

無伺服器計算層僅適用於以虛擬核心為基礎的購買模型，而且具有自動調整的計算資源 (包括 CPU 與記憶體) 範圍。The serverless compute tier is only available in the vCore-based purchasing model, and has an autoscaled range of compute resources, including CPU and memory. 若要在無伺服器計算層中建立單一資料庫，請參閱建立無伺服器資料庫。To create a single database in the serverless compute tier, see Create a serverless database.

必要條件Prerequisite

有效的 Azure 訂用帳戶。An active Azure subscription. 如果您沒有訂用帳戶，請建立免費帳戶。If you don't have one, create a free account.

建立單一資料庫Create a single database

在此步驟中，您會建立使用 AdventureWorksLT 範例資料的邏輯 SQL 伺服器和單一資料庫。In this step, you create a logical SQL server and a single database that uses AdventureWorksLT sample data. 您可以使用 Azure 入口網站功能表和畫面，或在 Azure Cloud Shell 中使用 Azure CLI 或 PowerShell 指令碼來建立資料庫。You can create the database by using Azure portal menus and screens, or by using an Azure CLI or PowerShell script in the Azure Cloud Shell.

所有的方法都包括設定伺服器層級的防火牆規則，以允許您用來存取伺服器之電腦的公用 IP 位址。All the methods include setting up a server-level firewall rule to allow the public IP address of the computer you're using to access the server. 如需詳細資訊以了解如何建立伺服器層級的防火牆規則，請參閱建立伺服器層級的防火牆 (英文)。For more information about creating server-level firewall rules, see Create a server-level firewall. 您也可以設定資料庫層級的防火牆規則。You can also set database-level firewall rules. 請參閱建立資料庫層級防火牆規則。See Create a database-level firewall rule.

若要在 Azure 入口網站中建立資源群組、伺服器及單一資料庫：To create a resource group, server, and single database in the Azure portal:

登入入口網站。Sign in to the portal.
從搜尋列中，搜尋並選取 [Azure SQL]。From the Search bar, search for and select Azure SQL.
在 [Azure SQL] 頁面上，選取 [新增]。On the Azure SQL page, select Add.
在 [選取 SQL 部署選項] 頁面上，選取 [SQL 資料庫] 圖格，並在資源類型下選取 [單一資料庫]。On the Select SQL deployment option page, select the SQL databases tile, with Single database under Resource type. 您可以選取 [顯示詳細資料]，以檢視不同資料庫的更多資訊。You can view more information about the different databases by selecting Show details.
選取 [建立]。Select Create.
在 建立 SQL 資料庫表單的 [基本資料] 索引標籤上，在 [專案詳細資料] 下，選取正確的 Azure 訂用帳戶 (如果尚未選取)。On the Basics tab of the Create SQL database form, under Project details, select the correct Azure Subscription if it isn't already selected.
在 [資源群組] 下選取 [建立新的]，輸入 myResourceGroup，然後選取 [確定]。Under Resource group, select Create new, enter myResourceGroup, and select OK.
在 [資料庫詳細資料]下，針對資料庫名稱輸入 mySampleDatabase。Under Database details, for Database name enter mySampleDatabase.
在 [伺服器] 中，選取 [建立新的]，並填寫新伺服器表單，如下所示：For Server, select Create new, and fill out the New server form as follows:
- 伺服器名稱：輸入 mysqlserver 和一些字元來表示唯一性。Server name: Enter mysqlserver, and some characters for uniqueness.
- 伺服器管理員登入：輸入 azureuser。Server admin login: Enter azureuser.
- 密碼：輸入符合需求的密碼，然後在 [確認密碼] 欄位中再次輸入。Password: Enter a password that meets requirements, and enter it again in the Confirm password field.
- 位置：下拉並選擇位置，例如 (美國) 美國東部。Location: Drop down and choose a location, such as (US) East US.
選取 [確定]。Select OK.

請記錄伺服器管理員登入和密碼，以便登入伺服器及其資料庫。Record the server admin login and password so you can log in to the server and its databases. 如果您忘記登入或密碼，可以在建立資料庫後，於 SQL 伺服器頁面上取得登入名稱或重設密碼。If you forget your login or password, you can get the login name or reset the password on the SQL server page after database creation. 若要開啟 SQL 伺服器頁面，請選取資料庫概觀頁面上的伺服器名稱。To open the SQL server page, select the server name on the database Overview page.
在 [計算 + 儲存體] 下，如果想要重新設定預設值，請選取 [設定資料庫]。Under Compute + storage, if you want to reconfigure the defaults, select Configure database.

在 [設定] 頁面上，您可以選擇：On the Configure page, you can optionally:
- 將計算層從已佈建變更為無伺服器。Change the Compute tier from Provisioned to Serverless.
- 檢閱並變更 [虛擬核心] 和 [資料大小上限] 的設定。Review and change the settings for vCores and Data max size.
- 選取 [變更組態] 來變更硬體世代。Select Change configuration to change the hardware generation.
完成變更之後，請選取 [套用]。After making any changes, select Apply.
完成時，選取 [下一步:網路功能]，為於頁面底部。Select Next: Networking at the bottom of the page.
在 [網路功能] 索引標籤的 [連線方法] 下，選取 [公用端點]。On the Networking tab, under Connectivity method, select Public endpoint.
在 [防火牆規則] 下，將 [新增目前的用戶端 IP 位址] 設定為是。Under Firewall rules, set Add current client IP address to Yes.
完成時，選取 [下一步:其他設定]，位於頁面底部。Select Next: Additional settings at the bottom of the page.

如需防火牆設定的詳細資訊，請參閱允許 Azure 服務和資源存取此伺服器和新增私人端點。For more information about firewall settings, see Allow Azure services and resources to access this server and Add a private endpoint.
在 [其他設定] 索引標籤的 [資料來源] 區段中，針對 [使用現有的資料]，選取 [範例]。On the Additional settings tab, in the Data source section, for Use existing data, select Sample.
選取頁面底部的 [檢閱 + 建立]。Select Review + create at the bottom of the page.
檢閱設定之後，選取 [建立]。After reviewing settings, select Create.

您可以使用 Azure 命令列介面 (Azure CLI) 來建立 Azure 資源群組、伺服器及單一資料庫。You can create an Azure resource group, server, and single database using the Azure command-line interface (Azure CLI). 如果您不想使用 Azure Cloud Shell，請在您的電腦上安裝 Azure CLI。If you don't want to use the Azure Cloud Shell, install Azure CLI on your computer.

若要在 Azure Cloud Shell 中執行下列程式碼範例，請選取程式碼範例標題列中的 [試用]。To run the following code sample in Azure Cloud Shell, select Try it in the code sample title bar. 當 Cloud Shell 開啟時，請選取程式碼範例標題列中的 [複製]，然後將程式碼範例貼入 Cloud Shell 視窗中。When the Cloud Shell opens, select Copy in the code sample title bar, and paste the code sample into the Cloud Shell window. 在程式碼中，將 <Subscription ID> 取代為您的 Azure 訂用帳戶識別碼，並針對 $startip 和 $endip，將 0.0.0.0 取代為您所使用之電腦的公用 IP 位址。In the code, replace <Subscription ID> with your Azure Subscription ID, and for $startip and $endip, replace 0.0.0.0 with the public IP address of the computer you're using.

遵循螢幕上的提示來登入 Azure 並執行程式碼。Follow the onscreen prompts to sign in to Azure and run the code.

您也可以從 Azure 入口網站使用 Azure Cloud Shell，方法是選取頂端列的 Cloud Shell 圖示。You can also use the Azure Cloud Shell from the Azure portal, by selecting the Cloud Shell icon on the top bar.

Azure Cloud Shell

第一次使用入口網站中的 Cloud Shell 時，請在 [歡迎使用] 對話方塊中選取 [Bash]。The first time you use Cloud Shell in the portal, select Bash in the Welcome dialog. 後續的工作階段會在 Bash 環境中使用 Azure CLI；或者您也可以從 Cloud Shell 控制列選取 Bash。Subsequent sessions will use Azure CLI in a Bash environment, or you can select Bash from the Cloud Shell control bar.

下列 Azure CLI 程式碼會建立資源群組、伺服器、單一資料庫，以及適用於伺服器存取權的伺服器層級 IP 防火牆規則。The following Azure CLI code creates a resource group, server, single database, and server-level IP firewall rule for access to the server. 請務必記錄所產生的資源群組和伺服器名稱，以便您稍後可以管理這些資源。Make sure to record the generated resource group and server names, so you can manage these resources later.

#!/bin/bash

# Sign in to Azure and set execution context (if necessary)
az login
az account set --subscription <Subscription ID>

# Set the resource group name and location for your server
resourceGroupName=myResourceGroup-$RANDOM
location=westus2

# Set an admin login and password for your database
adminlogin=azureuser
password=Azure1234567

# Set a server name that is unique to Azure DNS (<server_name>.database.windows.net)
servername=server-$RANDOM

# Set the ip address range that can access your database
startip=0.0.0.0
endip=0.0.0.0

# Create a resource group
az group create \
    --name $resourceGroupName \
    --location $location

# Create a server in the resource group
az sql server create \
    --name $servername \
    --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
    --location $location  \
    --admin-user $adminlogin \
    --admin-password $password

# Configure a server-level firewall rule for the server
az sql server firewall-rule create \
    --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
    --server $servername \
    -n AllowYourIp \
    --start-ip-address $startip \
    --end-ip-address $endip

# Create a gen5 2 vCore database in the server
az sql db create \
    --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
    --server $servername \
    --name mySampleDatabase \
    --sample-name AdventureWorksLT \
    --edition GeneralPurpose \
    --family Gen5 \
    --capacity 2 \

上述程式碼會使用這些 Azure CLI 命令：The preceding code uses these Azure CLI commands:

CommandCommand	描述Description
az account setaz account set	將訂用帳戶設定為目前使用中的訂用帳戶。Sets a subscription to be the current active subscription.
az group createaz group create	建立用來存放所有資源的資源群組。Creates a resource group in which all resources are stored.
az sql server createaz sql server create	建立裝載資料庫和彈性集區的伺服器。Creates a server that hosts databases and elastic pools.
az sql server firewall-rule createaz sql server firewall-rule create	建立伺服器層級的防火牆規則。Creates a server-level firewall rule.
az sql db createaz sql db create	建立資料庫。Creates a database.

如需 Azure SQL Database Azure CLI 的範例，請參閱 Azure CLI 範例。For more Azure SQL Database Azure CLI samples, see Azure CLI samples.

您可以使用 Windows PowerShell 來建立資源群組、伺服器及單一資料庫。You can create a resource group, server, and single database using Windows PowerShell. 如果您不想使用 Azure Cloud Shell，請安裝 Azure PowerShell 模組。If you don't want to use the Azure Cloud Shell, install the Azure PowerShell module.

注意

本文已更新為使用新的 Azure PowerShell Az 模組。This article has been updated to use the new Azure PowerShell Az module. AzureRM 模組在至少 2020 年 12 月之前都還會持續收到錯誤 (Bug) 修正，因此您仍然可以持續使用。You can still use the AzureRM module, which will continue to receive bug fixes until at least December 2020. 若要深入了解新的 Az 模組和 AzureRM 的相容性，請參閱新的 Azure PowerShell Az 模組簡介。To learn more about the new Az module and AzureRM compatibility, see Introducing the new Azure PowerShell Az module. 如需 Az 模組安裝指示，請參閱安裝 Azure PowerShell。For Az module installation instructions, see Install Azure PowerShell.

若要在 Azure Cloud Shell 中執行下列程式碼範例，請選取程式碼標題列中的 [試用]。To run the following code sample in the Azure Cloud Shell, select Try it in the code title bar. 當 Cloud Shell 開啟時，請選取程式碼範例標題列中的 [複製]，然後將程式碼範例貼入 Cloud Shell 視窗中。When the Cloud Shell opens, select Copy in the code sample title bar, and paste the code sample into the Cloud Shell window. 在程式碼中，將 <Subscription ID> 取代為您的 Azure 訂用帳戶識別碼，並針對 $startIp 和 $endIp，將 0.0.0.0 取代為您所使用之電腦的公用 IP 位址。In the code, replace <Subscription ID> with your Azure Subscription ID, and for $startIp and $endIp, replace 0.0.0.0 with the public IP address of the computer you're using.

遵循螢幕上的提示來登入 Azure 並執行程式碼。Follow the onscreen prompts to sign in to Azure and run the code.

您也可以從 Azure 入口網站使用 Azure Cloud Shell，方法是選取頂端列的 Cloud Shell 圖示。You can also use Azure Cloud Shell from the Azure portal, by selecting the Cloud Shell icon on the top bar.

Azure Cloud Shell

第一次使用入口網站中的 Cloud Shell 時，請從 [歡迎使用] 對話方塊中選取 [PowerShell]。The first time you use Cloud Shell from the portal, select PowerShell on the Welcome dialog. 後續的工作階段會使用 PowerShell，您也可以從 Cloud Shell 控制列中加以選取。Subsequent sessions will use PowerShell, or you can select it from the Cloud Shell control bar.

下列 PowerShell 程式碼會建立 Azure 資源群組、伺服器、單一資料庫，以及是用於伺服器存取權的防火牆規則。The following PowerShell code creates an Azure resource group, server, single database, and firewall rule for access to the server. 請務必記錄所產生的資源群組和伺服器名稱，以便您稍後可以管理這些資源。Make sure to record the generated resource group and server names, so you can manage these resources later.

# Set variables for your server and database
$subscriptionId = '<SubscriptionID>'
$resourceGroupName = "myResourceGroup-$(Get-Random)"
$location = "West US"
$adminLogin = "azureuser"
$password = "Azure1234567"
$serverName = "mysqlserver-$(Get-Random)"
$databaseName = "mySampleDatabase"

# The ip address range that you want to allow to access your server
$startIp = "0.0.0.0"
$endIp = "0.0.0.0"

# Show randomized variables
Write-host "Resource group name is" $resourceGroupName
Write-host "Server name is" $serverName

# Connect to Azure
Connect-AzAccount

# Set subscription ID
Set-AzContext -SubscriptionId $subscriptionId

# Create a resource group
Write-host "Creating resource group..."
$resourceGroup = New-AzResourceGroup -Name $resourceGroupName -Location $location -Tag @{Owner="SQLDB-Samples"}
$resourceGroup

# Create a server with a system wide unique server name
Write-host "Creating primary server..."
$server = New-AzSqlServer -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -Location $location `
   -SqlAdministratorCredentials $(New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential `
   -ArgumentList $adminLogin, $(ConvertTo-SecureString -String $password -AsPlainText -Force))
$server

# Create a server firewall rule that allows access from the specified IP range
Write-host "Configuring firewall for primary server..."
$serverFirewallRule = New-AzSqlServerFirewallRule -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -FirewallRuleName "AllowedIPs" -StartIpAddress $startIp -EndIpAddress $endIp
$serverFirewallRule

# Create General Purpose Gen4 database with 1 vCore
Write-host "Creating a gen5 2 vCore database..."
$database = New-AzSqlDatabase  -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -DatabaseName $databaseName `
   -Edition GeneralPurpose `
   -VCore 2 `
   -ComputeGeneration Gen5 `
   -MinimumCapacity 2 `
   -SampleName "AdventureWorksLT"
$database

上述程式碼會使用這些 PowerShell Cmdlet：The preceding code uses these PowerShell cmdlets:

CommandCommand	注意Notes
New-AzResourceGroupNew-AzResourceGroup	建立用來存放所有資源的資源群組。Creates a resource group in which all resources are stored.
New-AzSqlServerNew-AzSqlServer	建立裝載資料庫和彈性集區的伺服器。Creates a server that hosts databases and elastic pools.
New-AzSqlServerFirewallRuleNew-AzSqlServerFirewallRule	為伺服器建立伺服器層級的防火牆規則。Creates a server-level firewall rule for a server.
New-AzSqlDatabaseNew-AzSqlDatabase	建立資料庫。Creates a database.

如需更多 Azure SQL Database PowerShell 範例，請參閱 Azure PowerShell 範例。For more Azure SQL Database PowerShell samples, see Azure PowerShell samples.

查詢資料庫Query the database

資料庫建好之後，您可以使用 Azure 入口網站內建的查詢編輯器連線到資料庫，並查詢資料。Once your database is created, you can use the built-in Query editor in the Azure portal to connect to the database and query the data.

在入口網站中，搜尋並選取 [SQL 資料庫]，然後從清單中選取您的資料庫。In the portal, search for and select SQL databases, and then select your database from the list.
在資料庫的 [SQL Database] 頁面上，選取左側功能表中的 [查詢編輯器 (預覽)]。On the SQL Database page for your database, select Query editor (preview) in the left menu.
輸入您的伺服器系統管理員登入資訊，然後選取 [確定]。Enter your server admin login information, and select OK.

在 [查詢編輯器] 窗格中輸入下列查詢。Enter the following query in the Query editor pane.

SELECT TOP 20 pc.Name as CategoryName, p.name as ProductName
FROM SalesLT.ProductCategory pc
JOIN SalesLT.Product p
ON pc.productcategoryid = p.productcategoryid;

選取 [執行]，然後在 [結果] 窗格中檢閱查詢結果。Select Run, and then review the query results in the Results pane.
關閉 [查詢編輯器] 頁面，並在系統提示是否要捨棄未儲存的編輯時選取 [確定]。Close the Query editor page, and select OK when prompted to discard your unsaved edits.

清除資源Clean up resources

請保留資源群組、伺服器和單一資料庫，以繼續進行後續步驟，並了解如何使用不同的方法來連線及查詢您的資料庫。Keep the resource group, server, and single database to go on to the next steps, and learn how to connect and query your database with different methods.

當您使用完這些資源時，您可以刪除所建立的資源群組，而這也會刪除其中的伺服器和單一資料庫。When you're finished using these resources, you can delete the resource group you created, which will also delete the server and single database within it.

使用 Azure 入口網站來刪除 myResourceGroup 和其所有資源：To delete myResourceGroup and all its resources using the Azure portal:

在入口網站中，搜尋並選取 [資源群組]，然後從清單中選取 [myResourceGroup]。In the portal, search for and select Resource groups, and then select myResourceGroup from the list.
在 [資源群組] 頁面中，選取 [刪除資源群組]。On the resource group page, select Delete resource group.
在 [輸入資源群組名稱] 底下，輸入 myResourceGroup，然後選取 [刪除]。Under Type the resource group name, enter myResourceGroup, and then select Delete.

若要刪除資源群組及其所有資源，請使用您的資源組名稱來執行下列 Azure CLI 命令：To delete the resource group and all its resources, run the following Azure CLI command, using the name of your resource group:

az group delete --name <your resource group>

若要刪除資源群組及其所有資源，請使用您的資源組名稱來執行下列 PowerShell Cmdlet：To delete the resource group and all its resources, run the following PowerShell cmdlet, using the name of your resource group:

Remove-AzResourceGroup -Name <your resource group>

後續步驟Next steps

使用不同的工具和語言來連線及查詢您的資料庫：Connect and query your database using different tools and languages:

使用 SQL Server Management Studio 進行連線和查詢Connect and query using SQL Server Management Studio

使用 Azure Data Studio 進行連線及查詢Connect and query using Azure Data Studio