在移轉任何資產 (基礎結構、應用程式或資料) 之前，您都有機會根據對這些資產觀察到的效能準則，來估計成本及調整大小。Prior to migration of any asset (infrastructure, app, or data), there is an opportunity to estimate costs and refine sizing based on observed performance criteria for those assets. 估計成本有兩個用途：它可實現成本控制，並且可提供檢查點以確保目前的預算可支應必要的效能需求。Estimating costs serves two purposes: it allows for cost control, and it provides a checkpoint to ensure that current budgets account for necessary performance requirements.
成本計算機Cost calculators
針對手動成本計算，可使用兩個便利的計算機，根據要移轉的工作負載架構來提供快速成本預估。For manual cost calculations, there are two handy calculators that can provide a quick cost estimate based on the architecture of the workload to be migrated.
這些手動成本計算機可單獨使用，以預測可能的支出和節省數額。These manual cost calculators can be used on their own to forecast potential spend and savings. 其也可以與 Azure Migrate 的成本預測工具搭配使用，以根據替代架構或效能限制適當調整成本期望。They can also be used in conjunction with the cost forecasting tools of Azure Migrate to adjust the cost expectations to fit alternative architectures or performance constraints.
Azure Migrate 計算Azure Migrate calculations
必要條件： 此索引標籤的其餘部分均假設讀者已在 Azure Migrate 中填入要移轉的資產集合 (基礎結構、應用程式和資料)。Prerequisites: The remainder of this tab assumes the reader has already populated Azure Migrate with a collection of assets (infrastructure, apps, and data) to be migrated. 先前關於評估的文章已介紹如何收集初始資料。The prior article on assessments provides instructions on collecting the initial data. 填入資料之後，請依照接下來的幾個步驟，根據收集到的資料來預估每月成本。Once the data is populated, follow the next few steps to estimate monthly costs based on the data collected.
Azure Migrate 會根據收集器和服務對應所擷取的資料來計算每月成本預估。Azure Migrate calculates monthly cost estimates based on data captured by the collector and Service Map. 下列步驟將會載入成本預估：The following steps will load the cost estimates:
- 瀏覽至入口網站中的 [Azure Migrate 評量]。Navigate to Azure Migrate assessment in the portal.
- 在專案的 [概觀] 頁面中，選取 [+ 建立評估]。In the project Overview page, select + Create assessment.
- 選取 [檢視全部] 以檢閱評量屬性。Select View all to review the assessment properties.
- 建立群組，並指定群組名稱。Create the group, and specify a group name.
- 選取您想要新增至群組的機器。Select the machines that you want to add to the group.
- 選取 [建立評估] 以建立群組和評估。Select Create assessment, to create the group and the assessment.
- 建立評估之後，在 [概觀] > [儀表板] 中檢視該評估。After the assessment is created, view it in Overview > Dashboard.
- 在入口網站瀏覽的 [評估詳細資料] 區段中，選取[成本詳細資料]。In the Assessment details section of the portal navigation, select Cost details.
產生的預估值 (如下圖所示) 可識別計算和儲存體的每月成本，這通常是雲端成本中最大的部分。The resulting estimate, pictured below, identifies the monthly costs of compute and storage, which often represent the largest portion of cloud costs.
圖 1：此圖表顯示 Azure Migrate 中評估的成本詳細資料檢視。Figure 1: Diagram of the cost details view of an assessment in Azure Migrate.
其他資源Additional resources
在移轉前估計成本，可提供可靠的成本預期目標。Estimating cost prior to migration provides a solid target for cost expectations. 此外，也可藉此機會考量要移轉的每個資產 (基礎結構、應用程式和資料) 的效能和成本需求。It also provides opportunities to consider the performance and cost needs of each asset (infrastructure, apps, and data) to be migrated. 不過，這仍是估計值。However, it is still an estimate. 一旦資產移轉並開始進行載入後，就可以根據實際或綜合負載更精確地計算成本。Once the asset is migrated and under load, more accurate cost calculations can be made, based on actual or synthesized load.
Azure Advisor 成本建議Azure Advisor cost recommendations
在將資產 (基礎結構、應用程式和資料) 移轉至 Azure 的 24小時內，Azure Advisor 就會開始監視每個資產的效能，為您提供有關資產的意見反應。Within 24 hours of migrating assets (infrastructure, apps, and data) to Azure, Azure Advisor begins monitoring each asset's performance to provide you with feedback on the asset. 收集到的每項意見反應都會與成本和使用率之間的平衡有關。One item of feedback collected relates to the balance between cost and utilization.
下列步驟提供您目前訂用帳戶內的資產 (基礎結構、應用程式和資料) 的成本建議：The following steps provide cost recommendations for assets (infrastructure, apps, and data) within your current subscriptions:
- 瀏覽至入口網站中的 [Azure Advisor]。Navigate to Azure Advisor in the portal. 若要這麼做，請在 Azure 入口網站的左側瀏覽窗格中選取 [Advisor]。To do so, select Advisor in the left navigation pane of the Azure portal. 如果在左窗格中沒有看到 [Advisor]，請選取 [所有服務]。If you do not see Advisor in the left pane, select All services. 在服務功能表窗格中，於 [監視與管理] 底下，選取 [Advisor]。In the service menu pane, under Monitoring and Management, select Advisor.
- Advisor 儀表板會顯示所有選取之訂用帳戶的建議摘要。The Advisor dashboard will display a summary of your recommendations for all selected subscriptions. 您可以使用訂用帳戶篩選下拉式清單，選擇您想要顯示建議的訂用帳戶。You can choose the subscriptions that you want recommendations to be displayed for using the subscription filter dropdown.
- 若要查看成本建議，請選取 [成本]索引標籤。To see cost recommendations, select the Cost tab.
Azure 成本管理 + 計費Azure Cost Management + Billing
Azure 成本管理 + 計費可以提供更全面的消費習慣檢視，包括一段時間內的成本和支出趨勢的詳細檢視。Azure Cost Management + Billing can provide a more holistic view of spending habits, including detailed view of costs and spending trends over time. 對於大型或複雜的移轉，此檢視可以提供所需的深入解析，以進行廣泛的成本管理決策。For large or complex migrations, this view may provide the insights needed to make broad sweeping cost management decisions.
必要條件： 此索引標籤的其餘部分會假設讀者已在完成 Azure 設定指南時完成了 Azure 成本管理 + 計費的設定。Prerequisites: The remainder of this tab assumes the reader has completed setup of Azure Cost Management + Billing during completion of the Azure setup guide. 如需關於設定 Azure 成本管理 + 計費的詳細資訊，請參閱 Azure 設定指南中的管理 Azure 資源的成本和計費。For more information on configuring Azure Cost Management + Billing, see Manage costs and billing for Azure resources in the Azure setup guide. 填入資料之後，請依照接下來的幾個步驟，根據收集到的資料來預估每月成本。Once the data is populated, follow the next few steps to estimate monthly costs based on the data collected.
下列步驟將為您的訂用帳戶載入 Azure 成本管理 + 計費的成本分析資料：The following steps will load Azure Cost Management + Billing cost analysis data for your subscriptions:
- 瀏覽至入口網站中的 [成本管理 + 帳單]。Navigate to Cost Management + Billing in the portal. 如果在左窗格中沒有看到 [成本管理 + 計費]，請選取 [所有服務]。If you do not see Cost Management + Billing in the left pane, select All services. 在服務功能表窗格中，於 [監視與管理] 底下，選取 [成本管理 + 計費]。In the service menu pane, under Monitoring and Management, select Cost Management + Billing.
- 在 [成本管理 + 帳單]中，選取左側瀏覽窗格中的 [成本管理]，以開始分析雲端成本並將成本最佳化。In Cost Management + Billing, select Cost Management in the left navigation pane to begin analyzing and optimizing cloud costs.
- 在 [成本管理]中，選取 [成本分析]。In Cost Management, select Cost analysis.
- 使用 [範圍] 框，以切換至成本分析中的不同範圍。Use the Scope pill to switch to a different scope in cost analysis.
此分析可讓您檢閱總成本、預算 (如果有的話)，以及累計成本。This analysis will allow you to review total costs, budget (if available), and accumulated costs. 每項計算都可依服務、資源和時段來查看。Each calculation can be viewed by service, by resource, and over time. 最重要的是，您可以透過標記來分析成本。Most importantly, costs can be analyzed by tags. 適當地命名和標記資產 (基礎結構、應用程式和資料)，是所有健全的控管和成本管理程序的基本起點。Properly naming and tagging assets (infrastructure, apps, and data) is the fundamental starting point of all sound governance and cost management processes. 適當的標記可提升成本管理效能，並且更清楚地顯示效能和成本最佳化的影響。Proper tags allow for better management of costs and clearer impacts of performance and cost optimizations.
其他資源Additional resources
除了本文所述的工具之外，還有一些提示和秘訣可協助您快速降低整體雲端成本。In addition to the tools mentioned in this article, there are some tips and tricks that can help quickly reduce overall cloud costs. 以下是一些應留意的簡要提示：The following are a few high-level tips to be aware of:
避免不必要的費用Avoid unnecessary spending
理論上，現有資料中心內的大部分資產 (基礎結構、應用程式和資料) 都可以移轉至雲端。Most assets (infrastructure, apps, and data) in an existing datacenter could theoretically be migrated to the cloud. 但這不代表您就應該這麼做。However, that doesn't mean they should be. 在每個工作負載的評估期間，請驗證是否應移轉工作負載。During assessment of each workload, validate that the workload should be migrated. 「雲端採用架構」一文中有關於漸進式合理化的部分，可協助您判斷應移轉哪些資產。The Cloud Adoption Framework article on incremental rationalization can help determine which assets should be migrated.
減少浪費Reduce waste
在 Azure 中部署基礎架構之後，務必確定正在使用它。After you've deployed your infrastructure in Azure, it's important to make sure it is being used. 立即開始儲存最簡單的方式是檢閱您的資源，並移除未在使用的所有資源。The easiest way to start saving immediately is to review your resources and remove any that aren't being used.
減少過度佈建Reduce overprovisioning
即使採用最理想的估計方法，也可能會出現資產 (基礎結構、應用程式和資料) 過度佈建和使用量過低的情況。Even with the best approaches to estimation, there are likely to be overprovisioned and underutilized assets (infrastructure, apps, and data). 使用先前兩個索引標籤中的工具來檢查這些資產，可找出能夠降低資產大小的可能方法，而更加符合效能需求並降低成本。Review of those assets using the tools in the prior two tabs will identify potential means of reducing asset sizing to better match performance requirements and reduce costs.
利用可用的折扣Take advantage of available discounts
洽詢您的 Microsoft 帳戶代表，以了解您可以如何利用目前的折扣選項。Speak with your Microsoft account representative to understand how you can take advantage of current discount options. 以下是一些常用來降低成本的折扣範例。The following are a few examples of discounts that are commonly used to reduce costs.
Azure 保留Azure Reservations
Azure 保留可讓您預付一年或三年期的虛擬機器或 SQL Database 計算容量。Azure Reservations allow you to prepay for one year or three years of virtual machine or SQL Database compute capacity. 預付費用可讓您在所使用的資源上取得折扣。Prepaying will allow you to get a discount on the resources you use. 保留可大幅降低虛擬機器或 SQL Database 的計算成本，透過預付一年或三年期的承諾用量費用，可節省高達隨用隨付價格的 72%。Reservations can significantly reduce your virtual machine or SQL Database compute costs, up to 72 percent on pay-as-you-go prices with either a one-year or three-year upfront commitment. 保留會提供計費折扣，且不會影響虛擬機器或 SQL Database 的執行階段狀態。Reservations provide a billing discount and don't affect the runtime state of your virtual machines or SQL databases.
使用 Azure Hybrid BenefitUse Azure Hybrid Benefit
如果您在內部部署中已經有 Windows Server 或 SQL Server 授權，您可以使用 Azure Hybrid Benefit 程式儲存在 Azure 中。If you already have Windows Server or SQL Server licenses in your on-premises deployments, you can use the Azure Hybrid Benefit program to save in Azure. 利用 Windows Server 權益，每個授權都涵蓋 OS (最多兩部虛擬機器上) 的費用，而您只需支付基礎計算費用。With the Windows Server benefit, each license covers the cost of the OS (up to two virtual machines), and you only pay for base compute costs. 您可以使用現有的 SQL Server 授權，最多節省 55% 的 vCore 型 SQL Database 選項。You can use existing SQL Server licenses to save up to 55 percent on vCore-based SQL Database options. 選項包括 Azure 虛擬機器和 SQL Server Integration Services 中的 SQL Server。Options include SQL Server in Azure Virtual Machines and SQL Server Integration Services.
以低優先順序的 VM 搭配 BatchLow-priority VMs with batch
針對較低優先順序的背景程序，Batch 提供了用來管理背景服務 VM 和降低成本的方式。For lower priority background processes, batch offers a means of managing the background service VMs and reducing costs. 不過，在選擇此折扣選項之前，請務必先了解以低優先順序的 VM 搭配 Batch 的效能影響。However, it is important to understand the performance impact of low-priority VMs with batch before choosing this discounted option.
其他資源Additional resources
如需以更完整的計劃來處理跨大量資產 (基礎結構、應用程式和資料) 的成本管理，請參閱雲端採用架構治理模型。For a more comprehensive plan for cost management across larger numbers of assets (infrastructure, apps, and data), see the Cloud Adoption Framework governance model. 特別是，請參閱成本管理專業領域，和成本管理專業領域改善。In particular, see the Cost Management discipline and Cost Management discipline improvement.
