Action<T1,T2,T3,T4> 代理人

定義

命名空間:

System

組件:

System.Runtime.dll

封裝具有 4 個參數且沒有傳回值的方法。

generic <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
public delegate void Action(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3, T4 arg4);

public delegate void Action<in T1,in T2,in T3,in T4>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3, T4 arg4);

type Action<'T1, 'T2, 'T3, 'T4> = delegate of 'T1 * 'T2 * 'T3 * 'T4 -> unit

Public Delegate Sub Action(Of In T1, In T2, In T3, In T4)(arg1 As T1, arg2 As T2, arg3 As T3, arg4 As T4)

類型參數

T1

此委派封裝之方法的第一個參數類型。

這是反變數的型別參數。 也就是說，您可以使用您指定的類型，或衍生程度較低的任何類型。 如需共變數與反變數的詳細資訊，請參閱泛型中的共變數與反變數。

T2

此委派封裝之方法的第二個參數類型。

這是反變數的型別參數。 也就是說，您可以使用您指定的類型，或衍生程度較低的任何類型。 如需共變數與反變數的詳細資訊，請參閱泛型中的共變數與反變數。

T3

此委派封裝之方法的第三個參數類型。

這是反變數的型別參數。 也就是說，您可以使用您指定的類型，或衍生程度較低的任何類型。 如需共變數與反變數的詳細資訊，請參閱泛型中的共變數與反變數。

T4

這個委派所封裝之方法的第四個參數類型。

這是反變數的型別參數。 也就是說，您可以使用您指定的類型，或衍生程度較低的任何類型。 如需共變數與反變數的詳細資訊，請參閱泛型中的共變數與反變數。

參數

arg1

T1

由這個委派所封裝之方法的第一個參數。

arg2

T2

此委派封裝之方法的第二個參數。

arg3

T3

此委派封裝之方法的第三個參數。

arg4

T4

這個委派所封裝之方法的第四個參數。

備註

您可以使用 Action<T1,T2,T3,T4> 委派將方法當做參數傳遞，而不需明確宣告自訂委派。 封裝的方法必須對應至這個委派所定義的方法簽章。 這表示封裝的方法必須有四個參數，這些參數全都以傳值方式傳遞給它，而且不能傳回值。 (在 C# 中，方法必須傳回 void 。在 F# 中，方法或函式必須傳回單位。在 Visual Basic 中，它必須由 ... End Sub 建構定義 Sub 。它也可以是傳回忽略之值的方法。) 通常，這類方法會用來執行作業。

注意

若要參考具有四個參數並傳回值的方法，請改用泛型 Func<T1,T2,T3,T4,TResult> 委派。

當您使用委派時 Action<T1,T2,T3,T4> ，不需要明確定義封裝具有四個參數之方法的委派。 例如，下列程式碼會明確宣告名為 StringCopy 的委派，並將方法的 CopyStrings 參考指派給其委派實例。

using System;

delegate void StringCopy(string[] stringArray1,
                         string[] stringArray2,
                         int indexToStart,
                         int numberToCopy);

public class TestDelegate
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string[] ordinals = {"First", "Second", "Third", "Fourth", "Fifth",
                           "Sixth", "Seventh", "Eighth", "Ninth", "Tenth"};
      string[] copiedOrdinals = new string[ordinals.Length];
      StringCopy copyOperation = CopyStrings;
      copyOperation(ordinals, copiedOrdinals, 3, 5);
      foreach (string ordinal in copiedOrdinals)
         Console.WriteLine(string.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinal) ? "<None>" : ordinal);
   }

   private static void CopyStrings(string[] source, string[] target,
                                   int startPos, int number)
   {
      if (source.Length != target.Length)
         throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("The source and target arrays must have the same number of elements.");

      for (int ctr = startPos; ctr <= startPos + number - 1; ctr++)
         target[ctr] = string.Copy(source[ctr]);
   }
}

open System

type StringCopy = delegate of stringArray1: string [] *
                              stringArray2: string [] *
                              indexToStart: int *
                              numberToCopy: int -> unit

let copyStrings (source: string []) (target: string []) startPos number =
    if source.Length <> target.Length then
        raise (IndexOutOfRangeException "The source and target arrays must have the same number of elements.")

    for i = startPos to startPos + number - 1 do
        target.[i] <- source.[i]

let ordinals =
    [| "First"; "Second"; "Third"; "Fourth"; "Fifth"
       "Sixth"; "Seventh"; "Eighth"; "Ninth"; "Tenth" |]

let copiedOrdinals: string [] = Array.zeroCreate ordinals.Length

let copyOperation = StringCopy copyStrings

copyOperation.Invoke(ordinals, copiedOrdinals, 3, 5)

for ordinal in copiedOrdinals do
    printfn "%s" (if String.IsNullOrEmpty ordinal then "<None>" else ordinal)

Delegate Sub StringCopy(stringArray1() As String, _
                        stringArray2() As String, _
                        indexToStart As Integer, _
                        numberToCopy As Integer)

Module TestDelegate
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim ordinals() As String = {"First", "Second", "Third", "Fourth", _
                                  "Fifth", "Sixth", "Seventh", "Eighth", _
                                  "Ninth", "Tenth"}
      Dim copiedOrdinals(ordinals.Length - 1) As String
      Dim copyOperation As StringCopy = AddressOf CopyStrings
      copyOperation(ordinals, copiedOrdinals, 3, 5)
      For Each ordinal As String In copiedOrdinals
         Console.WriteLine(ordinal)
      Next    
   End Sub
   
   Private Sub CopyStrings(source() As String, target() As String, _
                           startPos As Integer, number As Integer)
      If source.Length <> target.Length Then 
         Throw New IndexOutOfRangeException("The source and target arrays" & _
                   " must have the same number of elements.")
      End If
      For ctr As Integer = startPos to startpos + number  - 1
         target(ctr) = String.Copy(source(ctr))
      Next
   End Sub
End Module

下列範例會具現化委派， Action<T1,T2,T3,T4> 而不是明確定義新的委派，並將具名方法指派給它，藉此簡化此程式碼。

using System;

public class TestAction4
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string[] ordinals = {"First", "Second", "Third", "Fourth", "Fifth",
                           "Sixth", "Seventh", "Eighth", "Ninth", "Tenth"};
      string[] copiedOrdinals = new string[ordinals.Length];
      Action<string[], string[], int, int> copyOperation = CopyStrings;
      copyOperation(ordinals, copiedOrdinals, 3, 5);
      foreach (string ordinal in copiedOrdinals)
         Console.WriteLine(string.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinal) ? "<None>" : ordinal);
   }

   private static void CopyStrings(string[] source, string[] target,
                                   int startPos, int number)
   {
      if (source.Length != target.Length)
         throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("The source and target arrays must have the same number of elements.");

      for (int ctr = startPos; ctr <= startPos + number - 1; ctr++)
         target[ctr] = string.Copy(source[ctr]);
   }
}

open System

let copyStrings (source: string []) (target: string []) startPos number =
    if source.Length <> target.Length then
        raise (IndexOutOfRangeException "The source and target arrays must have the same number of elements.")

    for i = startPos to startPos + number - 1 do
        target.[i] <- source.[i]

let ordinals =
    [| "First"; "Second"; "Third"; "Fourth"; "Fifth"
       "Sixth"; "Seventh"; "Eighth"; "Ninth"; "Tenth" |]

let copiedOrdinals: string [] = Array.zeroCreate ordinals.Length

let copyOperation = Action<_, _, _, _> copyStrings

copyOperation.Invoke(ordinals, copiedOrdinals, 3, 5)

for ordinal in copiedOrdinals do
    printfn "%s" (if String.IsNullOrEmpty ordinal then "<None>" else ordinal)

Module TestAction4
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim ordinals() As String = {"First", "Second", "Third", "Fourth", _
                                  "Fifth", "Sixth", "Seventh", "Eighth", _
                                  "Ninth", "Tenth"}
      Dim copiedOrdinals(ordinals.Length - 1) As String
      Dim copyOperation As Action(Of String(), String(), Integer, Integer) = _
                           AddressOf CopyStrings
      copyOperation(ordinals, copiedOrdinals, 3, 5)
      For Each ordinal As String In copiedOrdinals
         Console.WriteLine(ordinal)
      Next    
   End Sub
   
   Private Sub CopyStrings(source() As String, target() As String, _
                           startPos As Integer, number As Integer)
      If source.Length <> target.Length Then 
         Throw New IndexOutOfRangeException("The source and target arrays" & _
                   " must have the same number of elements.")
      End If
      For ctr As Integer = startPos to startpos + number  - 1
         target(ctr) = String.Copy(source(ctr))
      Next
   End Sub
End Module

您也可以在 Action<T1,T2,T3,T4> C# 中搭配匿名方法使用委派，如下列範例所示。 (如需匿名方法的簡介，請參閱 Anonymous Methods.)

using System;

public class TestAnonymousMethod
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string[] ordinals = {"First", "Second", "Third", "Fourth", "Fifth",
                           "Sixth", "Seventh", "Eighth", "Ninth", "Tenth"};
      string[] copiedOrdinals = new string[ordinals.Length];
      Action<string[], string[], int, int> copyOperation =
                                           delegate(string[] s1, string[] s2,
                                           int pos, int num)
                                { CopyStrings(s1, s2, pos, num); };
      copyOperation(ordinals, copiedOrdinals, 3, 5);
      foreach (string ordinal in copiedOrdinals)
         Console.WriteLine(string.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinal) ? "<None>" : ordinal);
   }

   private static void CopyStrings(string[] source, string[] target,
                                   int startPos, int number)
   {
      if (source.Length != target.Length)
         throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("The source and target arrays must have the same number of elements.");

      for (int ctr = startPos; ctr <= startPos + number - 1; ctr++)
         target[ctr] = string.Copy(source[ctr]);
   }
}

您也可以將 Lambda 運算式指派給 Action<T1,T2,T3,T4> 委派實例，如下列範例所示。 (如需 Lambda 運算式的簡介，請參閱 Lambda 運算式 (C#) 或 Lambda 運算式 (F#) .)

using System;

public class TestLambdaExpression
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string[] ordinals = {"First", "Second", "Third", "Fourth", "Fifth",
                           "Sixth", "Seventh", "Eighth", "Ninth", "Tenth"};
      string[] copiedOrdinals = new string[ordinals.Length];
      Action<string[], string[], int, int> copyOperation = (s1, s2, pos, num)
                                           => CopyStrings(s1, s2, pos, num);
      copyOperation(ordinals, copiedOrdinals, 3, 5);
      foreach (string ordinal in copiedOrdinals)
         Console.WriteLine(string.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinal) ? "<None>" : ordinal);
   }

   private static void CopyStrings(string[] source, string[] target,
                                   int startPos, int number)
   {
      if (source.Length != target.Length)
         throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("The source and target arrays must have the same number of elements.");

      for (int ctr = startPos; ctr <= startPos + number - 1; ctr++)
         target[ctr] = string.Copy(source[ctr]);
   }
}

open System

let copyStrings (source: string []) (target: string []) startPos number =
    if source.Length <> target.Length then
        raise (IndexOutOfRangeException "The source and target arrays must have the same number of elements.")

    for i = startPos to startPos + number - 1 do
        target.[i] <- source.[i]

let ordinals =
    [| "First"; "Second"; "Third"; "Fourth"; "Fifth"
       "Sixth"; "Seventh"; "Eighth"; "Ninth"; "Tenth" |]

let copiedOrdinals: string [] = Array.zeroCreate ordinals.Length

let copyOperation = Action<_, _, _, _> (fun s1 s2 pos num -> copyStrings s1 s2 pos num)

copyOperation.Invoke(ordinals, copiedOrdinals, 3, 5)

for ordinal in copiedOrdinals do
    printfn "%s" (if String.IsNullOrEmpty ordinal then "<None>" else ordinal)

Public Module TestLambdaExpression
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim ordinals() As String = {"First", "Second", "Third", "Fourth", "Fifth", _ 
                           "Sixth", "Seventh", "Eighth", "Ninth", "Tenth"}
      Dim copiedOrdinals(ordinals.Length - 1) As String           
      Dim copyOperation As Action(Of String(), String(), Integer, Integer) = _
                           Sub(s1, s2, pos, num) CopyStrings(s1, s2, pos, num)  
      copyOperation(ordinals, copiedOrdinals, 3, 5)
      For Each ordinal As String In copiedOrdinals
         If String.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinal) Then
            Console.WriteLine("<None>")
         Else
            Console.WriteLine(ordinal)
         End If
      Next   
   End Sub

   Private Function CopyStrings(source() As String, target() As String, _ 
                                startPos As Integer, number As Integer) As Integer
      If source.Length <> target.Length Then 
         throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("The source and target arrays must have the same number of elements.")
      End If
      
      For ctr As Integer = startPos To startPos + number - 1
         target(ctr) = String.Copy(source(ctr))
      Next
      Return number
   End Function
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       Fourth
'       Fifth
'       Sixth
'       Seventh
'       Eighth

擴充方法

GetMethodInfo(Delegate)

取得表示特定委派所代表之方法的物件。

另請參閱

• Func<T1,T2,T3,T4,TResult>