驗證

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驗證是藉由檢查使用者的認證並根據某些授權以確認認證，來探索和驗證主體識別的程序。 驗證期間所取得的資訊可以直接供您的程式碼使用。 您也可以使用 .NET Framework 以角色為基礎的安全性來驗證目前的使用者，以及判斷是否允許該主體存取您的程式碼。 如需如何依特定角色驗證主體的範例，請參閱 WindowsPrincipal.IsInRole 方法的多載。 例如，您可以使用 WindowsPrincipal.IsInRole(String) 多載，判斷目前的使用者是否為 Administrators 群組的成員。

現今有各種驗證機制被採用，其中有許多可以與 .NET Framework 以角色為基礎的安全性一起使用。 一些最普遍使用的機制為基本、摘要式、Passport、作業系統 (例如 NTLM 或 Kerberos) 或應用程式定義的機制。

範例

下列範例要求使用中的主體必須是系統管理員。 name 參數為 null，表示具有系統管理員身分的任何使用者都可通過這項要求。

注意事項注意事項

在 Windows Vista 中，使用者帳戶控制項 (UAC) 會決定使用者的權限。如果您是內建 Administrators 群組的成員，系統會將兩個執行階段存取語彙基元 (Token) 指派給您：標準使用者存取語彙基元及管理員存取語彙基元。根據預設，您會屬於標準使用者角色。若要執行要求您必須是系統管理員的程式碼，您必須先將自己的權限從標準使用者提高為系統管理員。您可以在啟動應用程式時進行這項處理，其方式是以滑鼠右鍵按一下應用程式圖示，並指出您想要以系統管理員的身分執行。

 
Imports System
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Security.Permissions
Imports System.Security.Principal



Class SecurityPrincipalDemo


    Public Shared Sub Main()
        AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetPrincipalPolicy(PrincipalPolicy.WindowsPrincipal)
        Dim principalPerm As New PrincipalPermission(Nothing, "Administrators")
        principalPerm.Demand()
        Console.WriteLine("Demand succeeded.")

    End Sub 'Main
End Class 'SecurityPrincipalDemo

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Security.Permissions;
using System.Security.Principal;

class SecurityPrincipalDemo
{

    public static void Main()
    {
        AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetPrincipalPolicy(PrincipalPolicy.WindowsPrincipal);
        PrincipalPermission principalPerm = new PrincipalPermission(null, "Administrators");
        principalPerm.Demand();
        Console.WriteLine("Demand succeeded.");
    }
}

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Security;
using namespace System::Security::Permissions;
using namespace System::Security::Policy;
using namespace System::Security::Principal;

int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    System::String^ null;
    AppDomain::CurrentDomain->SetPrincipalPolicy(PrincipalPolicy::WindowsPrincipal);
    PrincipalPermission^ principalPerm = gcnew PrincipalPermission(null, "Administrators" );
      principalPerm->Demand();
      Console::WriteLine("Demand succeeded");
    return 0;
}

下列範例示範如何判斷主體的識別與主體可用的角色。 您可以運用這個範例，確認目前使用者所屬的角色是您允許使用應用程式的角色。

Imports System
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Security.Permissions
Imports System.Security.Principal

Class SecurityPrincipalDemo

    Public Shared Sub DemonstrateWindowsBuiltInRoleEnum()
        Dim myDomain As AppDomain = Thread.GetDomain()

        myDomain.SetPrincipalPolicy(PrincipalPolicy.WindowsPrincipal)
        Dim myPrincipal As WindowsPrincipal = CType(Thread.CurrentPrincipal, WindowsPrincipal)
        Console.WriteLine("{0} belongs to: ", myPrincipal.Identity.Name.ToString())
        Dim wbirFields As Array = [Enum].GetValues(GetType(WindowsBuiltInRole))
        Dim roleName As Object
        For Each roleName In wbirFields
            Try
                ' Cast the role name to a RID represented by the WindowsBuildInRole value.
                Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", roleName, myPrincipal.IsInRole(CType(roleName, WindowsBuiltInRole)))
                Console.WriteLine("The RID for this role is: " + Fix(roleName).ToString())

            Catch
                Console.WriteLine("{0}: Could not obtain role for this RID.", roleName)
            End Try
        Next roleName
        ' Get the role using the string value of the role.
        Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", "Administrators", myPrincipal.IsInRole("BUILTIN\" + "Administrators"))
        Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", "Users", myPrincipal.IsInRole("BUILTIN\" + "Users"))
        ' Get the role using the WindowsBuiltInRole enumeration value.
        Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator, myPrincipal.IsInRole(WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator))
        ' Get the role using the WellKnownSidType.
        Dim sid As New SecurityIdentifier(WellKnownSidType.BuiltinAdministratorsSid, Nothing)
        Console.WriteLine("WellKnownSidType BuiltinAdministratorsSid  {0}? {1}.", sid.Value, myPrincipal.IsInRole(sid))

    End Sub 'DemonstrateWindowsBuiltInRoleEnum

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        DemonstrateWindowsBuiltInRoleEnum()

    End Sub 'Main
End Class 'SecurityPrincipalDemo 

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Security.Permissions;
using System.Security.Principal;

class SecurityPrincipalDemo
{
    public static void DemonstrateWindowsBuiltInRoleEnum()
    {
        AppDomain myDomain = Thread.GetDomain();

        myDomain.SetPrincipalPolicy(PrincipalPolicy.WindowsPrincipal);
        WindowsPrincipal myPrincipal = (WindowsPrincipal)Thread.CurrentPrincipal;
        Console.WriteLine("{0} belongs to: ", myPrincipal.Identity.Name.ToString());
        Array wbirFields = Enum.GetValues(typeof(WindowsBuiltInRole));
        foreach (object roleName in wbirFields)
        {
            try
            {
                // Cast the role name to a RID represented by the WindowsBuildInRole value.
                Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", roleName,
                    myPrincipal.IsInRole((WindowsBuiltInRole)roleName));
                Console.WriteLine("The RID for this role is: " + ((int)roleName).ToString());

            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}: Could not obtain role for this RID.",
                    roleName);
            }
        }
        // Get the role using the string value of the role.
        Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", "Administrators",
            myPrincipal.IsInRole("BUILTIN\\" + "Administrators"));
        Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", "Users",
            myPrincipal.IsInRole("BUILTIN\\" + "Users"));
        // Get the role using the WindowsBuiltInRole enumeration value.
        Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator,
           myPrincipal.IsInRole(WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator));
        // Get the role using the WellKnownSidType.
        SecurityIdentifier sid = new SecurityIdentifier(WellKnownSidType.BuiltinAdministratorsSid, null);
        Console.WriteLine("WellKnownSidType BuiltinAdministratorsSid  {0}? {1}.", sid.Value, myPrincipal.IsInRole(sid));
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        DemonstrateWindowsBuiltInRoleEnum();
    }
}

public:
   static void DemonstrateWindowsBuiltInRoleEnum()
   {
      AppDomain^ myDomain = Thread::GetDomain();

      myDomain->SetPrincipalPolicy( PrincipalPolicy::WindowsPrincipal );
      WindowsPrincipal^ myPrincipal = dynamic_cast<WindowsPrincipal^>(Thread::CurrentPrincipal);

      Console::WriteLine( "{0} belongs to: ", myPrincipal->Identity->Name );

      Array^ wbirFields = Enum::GetValues( WindowsBuiltInRole::typeid );

      for each ( Object^ roleName in wbirFields )
      {
         try
         {
            Console::WriteLine( "{0}? {1}.", roleName,
               myPrincipal->IsInRole(  *dynamic_cast<WindowsBuiltInRole^>(roleName) ) );
         }
         catch ( Exception^ ) 
         {
            Console::WriteLine( "{0}: Could not obtain role for this RID.",
               roleName );
         }
      }
   }

請參閱

概念

以角色為基礎的安全性

其他資源

重要的安全性概念