HOW TO：使用通訊端

發行項
08/21/2008

更新：2007 年 11 月

.NET Compact Framework 支援通訊端 (Socket) 架構的網路通訊。如需 .NET Compact Framework 中通訊端程式設計的特定考量，請參閱通訊端程式設計。

這個範例會建立伺服器應用程式的執行個體和用戶端應用程式的執行個體，並示範這兩個應用程式如何透過通訊端架構的連線進行通訊。Localhost 位址用於伺服器，因此這兩個應用程式會在用戶端上執行。伺服器的執行個體必須先執行，用戶端才能與其通訊。

若要透過通訊端連線進行通訊

建立名為 Server 且實作 Form 的類別，然後將下列程式碼加入至該類別：

Private Shared output As String = ""


Public Sub New() 

End Sub


Public Sub createListener() 
    ' Create an instance of the TcpListener class.
    Dim tcpListener As TcpListener = Nothing
    Dim ipAddress As IPAddress = Dns.GetHostEntry("localhost").AddressList(0)
    Try
        ' Set the listener on the local IP address.
        ' and specify the port.
        tcpListener = New TcpListener(ipAddress, 13)
        tcpListener.Start()
        output = "Waiting for a connection..."
    Catch e As Exception
        output = "Error: " + e.ToString()
        MessageBox.Show(output)
    End Try
    While True
        ' Always use a Sleep call in a while(true) loop
        ' to avoid locking up your CPU.
        Thread.Sleep(10)
        ' Create a TCP socket.
        ' If you ran this server on the desktop, you could use
        ' Socket socket = tcpListener.AcceptSocket()
        ' for greater flexibility.
        Dim tcpClient As TcpClient = tcpListener.AcceptTcpClient()
        ' Read the data stream from the client.
        Dim bytes(255) As Byte
        Dim stream As NetworkStream = tcpClient.GetStream()
        stream.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length)
        Dim helper As New SocketHelper()
        helper.processMsg(tcpClient, stream, bytes)
    End While

End Sub


Shared Sub Main() 
    Application.Run(New Server())

End Sub

static string output = "";

public Server()
{
}

public void createListener()
{
    // Create an instance of the TcpListener class.
    TcpListener tcpListener = null;
    IPAddress ipAddress = Dns.GetHostEntry("localhost").AddressList[0];
    try
    {
        // Set the listener on the local IP address
        // and specify the port.
        tcpListener = new TcpListener(ipAddress, 13);
        tcpListener.Start();
        output = "Waiting for a connection...";
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        output = "Error: " + e.ToString();
        MessageBox.Show(output);
    }
    while (true)
    {
        // Always use a Sleep call in a while(true) loop
        // to avoid locking up your CPU.
        Thread.Sleep(10);
        // Create a TCP socket.
        // If you ran this server on the desktop, you could use
        // Socket socket = tcpListener.AcceptSocket()
        // for greater flexibility.
        TcpClient tcpClient = tcpListener.AcceptTcpClient();
        // Read the data stream from the client.
        byte[] bytes = new byte[256];
        NetworkStream stream = tcpClient.GetStream();
        stream.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
        SocketHelper helper = new SocketHelper();
        helper.processMsg(tcpClient, stream, bytes);
    }
}

static void Main()
{
    Application.Run(new Server());
}

在 Server 類別中，提供啟動伺服器的方式。例如，在按鈕的 Click 事件中呼叫 createListener。

Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
    Me.createListener()
End Sub

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    this.createListener();
}

建立名為 SocketHelper 的類別，並將下列程式碼加入至該類別：

Class SocketHelper
    Private mscClient As TcpClient
    Private mstrMessage As String
    Private mstrResponse As String
    Private bytesSent() As Byte

    Public Sub processMsg(ByVal client As TcpClient, ByVal stream As NetworkStream, ByVal bytesReceived() As Byte)
        ' Handle the message received and 
        ' send a response back to the client.
        mstrMessage = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytesReceived, 0, bytesReceived.Length)
        mscClient = client
        mstrMessage = mstrMessage.Substring(0, 5)
        If mstrMessage.Equals("Hello") Then
            mstrResponse = "Goodbye"
        Else
            mstrResponse = "What?"
        End If
        bytesSent = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(mstrResponse)
        stream.Write(bytesSent, 0, bytesSent.Length)

    End Sub
End Class

class SocketHelper
{
    TcpClient mscClient;
    string mstrMessage;
    string mstrResponse;
    byte[] bytesSent;
    public void processMsg(TcpClient client, NetworkStream stream, byte[] bytesReceived)
    {
        // Handle the message received and 
        // send a response back to the client.
        mstrMessage = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytesReceived, 0, bytesReceived.Length);
        mscClient = client;
        mstrMessage = mstrMessage.Substring(0, 5);
        if (mstrMessage.Equals("Hello"))
        {
            mstrResponse = "Goodbye";
        }
        else
        {
            mstrResponse = "What?";
        }
        bytesSent = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(mstrResponse);
        stream.Write(bytesSent, 0, bytesSent.Length);
    }
}

伺服器會在用戶端與其連線時具現這個類別。

建立名為 Client 且實作 Form 的類別，然後將下列程式碼加入至該類別：

    Shared Sub Connect(ByVal serverIP As String, ByVal message As String) 
    Dim output As String = ""
    Try
            ' Create a TcpClient.
            ' The client requires a TcpServer that is connected
            ' to the same address specified by the server and port
            ' combination.
            Dim port As Int32 = 13
            Dim client As New TcpClient(serverIP, port)

            ' Translate the passed message into ASCII and store it as a byte array.
            Dim data(255) As [Byte]
            data = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(message)

            ' Get a client stream for reading and writing.
            ' Stream stream = client.GetStream();
            Dim stream As NetworkStream = client.GetStream()

            ' Send the message to the connected TcpServer. 
            stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length)

            output = "Sent: " + message
            MessageBox.Show(output)

            ' Buffer to store the response bytes.
            data = New [Byte](255) {}

            ' String to store the response ASCII representation.
            Dim responseData As String = String.Empty

            ' Read the first batch of the TcpServer response bytes.
            Dim bytes As Int32 = stream.Read(data, 0, data.Length)
            responseData = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0, bytes)
            output = "Received: " + responseData
            MessageBox.Show(output)

            ' Close everything.
            stream.Close()
            client.Close()
        Catch e As ArgumentNullException
            output = "ArgumentNullException: " + e.ToString()
            MessageBox.Show(output)
        Catch e As SocketException
            output = "SocketException: " + e.ToString()
            MessageBox.Show(output)
        End Try

    End Sub

    Shared Sub Main() 
        Application.Run(New Client())

    End Sub

 public Client()
        {
            this.MinimizeBox = false;
        }

    static void Connect(string serverIP, string message)
        {
            string output = "";

            try
            {
                // Create a TcpClient.
                // The client requires a TcpServer that is connected
                // to the same address specified by the server and port
                // combination.
                Int32 port = 13;
                TcpClient client = new TcpClient(serverIP, port);

                // Translate the passed message into ASCII and store it as a byte array.
                Byte[] data = new Byte[256];
                data = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(message);

                // Get a client stream for reading and writing.
                // Stream stream = client.GetStream();
                NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();

                // Send the message to the connected TcpServer. 
                stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);

                output = "Sent: " + message;
                MessageBox.Show(output);

                // Buffer to store the response bytes.
                data = new Byte[256];

                // String to store the response ASCII representation.
                String responseData = String.Empty;

                // Read the first batch of the TcpServer response bytes.
                Int32 bytes = stream.Read(data, 0, data.Length);
                responseData = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0, bytes);
                output = "Received: " + responseData;
                MessageBox.Show(output);

                // Close everything.
                stream.Close();
                client.Close();
            }
            catch (ArgumentNullException e)
            {
                output = "ArgumentNullException: " + e;
                MessageBox.Show(output);
            }
            catch (SocketException e)
            {
                output = "SocketException: " + e.ToString();
                MessageBox.Show(output);
            }
        }

    static void Main()
        {
            Application.Run(new Client());
        }

在 Client 類別中，提供讓使用者連接到伺服器的方式。例如，在按鈕的 Click 事件中呼叫 Connect 方法。

Private Sub button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) 
    ' In this code example, use a hard-coded
    ' IP address and message.
    Dim serverIP As String = "localhost"
    Dim message As String = "Hello"
    Connect(serverIP, message)

End Sub

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // In this code example, use a hard-coded
    // IP address and message.
    string serverIP = "localhost";
    string message = "Hello";
    Connect(serverIP, message);
}

編譯伺服器應用程式和用戶端應用程式。
將兩個應用程式都部署至裝置。
在裝置上執行伺服器應用程式，並啟動伺服器。
在裝置上執行用戶端應用程式，並連接到伺服器。

編譯程式碼

用戶端程式需要下列命名空間的參考：

伺服器程式需要下列命名空間的參考：

請參閱

其他資源

.NET Compact Framework 中的網路和連接